University of Warsaw

About: University of Warsaw is a education organization based out in Warsaw, Poland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 20832 authors who have published 56617 publications receiving 1185084 citations. The organization is also known as: Uniwersytet Warszawski & Warsaw University.

Global and Local Aromaticity in Porphyrins: An Analysis Based on Molecular Geometries and Nucleus‐Independent Chemical Shifts

Abstract: Two pyrrole rings participate in the aromatic structure of porphyrin. Hence, a 22 π-electron description is better than the usual [18]annulene representation. The dianion and the metal complex system favor different electronic structures.

Planck early results. XXIII. The first all-sky survey of Galactic cold clumps

Abstract: We present the statistical properties of the first version of the Cold Core Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO), in terms of their spatial distribution, temperature, distance, mass, and morphology. We also describe the statistics of the Early Cold Core Catalogue (ECC, delivered with the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue, ERCSC) that is the subset of the 915 most reliable detections of the complete catalogue. We have used the CoCoCoDeT algorithm to extract 10783 cold sources. Temperature and dust emission spectral index {\beta} values are derived using the fluxes in the IRAS 100 \mum band and the three highest frequency Planck bands. Temperature spans from 7K to 17K, and peaks around 13K. Data are not consistent with a constant value of {\beta} over the all temperature range. {\beta} ranges from 1.4 to 2.8 with a mean value around 2.1, and several possible scenarios are possible, including {\beta}(T) and the effect of multiple T components folded into the measurements. For one third of the objects the distances are obtained. Most of the detections are within 2 kpc in the Solar neighbourhood, but a few are at distances greater than 4 kpc. The cores are distributed from the deep Galactic plane, despite the confusion, to high latitudes (>30$^{\circle}$). The associated mass estimates range from 1 to $10^5$ solar masses. Using their physical properties these cold sources are shown to be cold clumps, defined as the intermediate cold sub-structures between clouds and cores. These cold clumps are not isolated but mostly organized in filaments associated with molecular clouds. The Cold Core Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO) is the first unbiased all-sky catalogue of cold objects. It gives an unprecedented statistical view to the properties of these potential pre-stellar clumps and offers a unique possibility for their classification in terms of their intrinsic properties and environment.

Supernova Relic Neutrino Search at Super-Kamiokande

Abstract: A new Super-Kamiokande search for supernova relic neutrinos was conducted using 2853 live days of data. Sensitivity is now greatly improved compared to the 2003 Super-Kamiokande result, which placed a flux limit near many theoretical predictions. This more detailed analysis includes a variety of improvements such as increased efficiency, a lower energy threshold, and an expanded data set. New combined upper limits on supernova relic neutrino flux are between 2.8 and $3.1{\overline{\ensuremath{ u}}}_{e}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}g16\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$ total positron energy (17.3 MeV ${\mathrm{E}}_{\ensuremath{ u}}$).

Experimental probing of the interplay between ferromagnetism and localization in (Ga, Mn)As

Abstract: The transition from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state is observed directly as the density of carriers that mediate spin–spin coupling is varied. The measurement was performed on thin films of GaMnAs and was made possible by superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDS). The question of whether the Anderson–Mott localization enhances or reduces magnetic correlations is central to the physics of magnetic alloys1. Particularly intriguing is the case of (Ga, Mn)As and related magnetic semiconductors, for which diverging theoretical scenarios have been proposed2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Here, by direct magnetization measurements we demonstrate how magnetism evolves when the density of carriers mediating the spin–spin coupling is diminished by the gate electric field in metal–insulator–semiconductor structures of (Ga, Mn)As. Our findings show that the channel depletion results in a monotonic decrease of the Curie temperature, with no evidence for the maximum expected within the impurity-band models3,5,8,9. We find that the transition from the ferromagnetic to the paramagnetic state proceeds by means of the emergence of a superparamagnetic-like spin arrangement. This implies that carrier localization leads to a phase separation into ferromagnetic and non-magnetic regions, which we attribute to critical fluctuations in the local density of states, specific to the Anderson–Mott quantum transition.