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Showing papers by "University of Warwick published in 1976"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that the elements, a smooth oscillator, a slow wavefront and a rapid cellular change, have biological plausibility and are compatible with experimental observations such as the sequential formation of somites from anterior to posterior in a regular time sequence, the timing of cellular change during development generally, and the increasing evidence for widespread existence of cellular biorhythms.

755 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Gini coefficient can be interpreted in terms of the average expected gain from having the option of receiving the income of some other random individual Variation within the components of the expression for the gini coefficient contributes to overall inequality as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Problems of inequality related to the disaggregation of Gini coefficients are examined Measures of inequality can be decomposed so that in a grouped population, total inequality depends on inequality within and between groups No such decomposition is available for the Gini coefficient, yet its direct relationship to the Lorenz curve has resulted in persistent attempts to derive a disaggregation that can be used in empirical work The Gini coefficient can be interpreted in terms of the average expected gain from having the option of receiving the income of some other random individual Variation within the components of the expression for the Gini coefficient contributes to overall inequality The decomposition of the Gini coefficient further identifies the inequality within a population and may have particular relevance to studies of migration and discrimination If migration includes movement from one income group to another or a change in educational status, the migration can be viewed in terms of expected gains for those individuals who are migrating These expected gains for individuals can then be considered in terms of a statistical game framework Statistical data are included 12 references

450 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, glucosinolates from seventy-nine 8-week-old plant species were hydrolysed and the volatile products identified by GC-MS and related to previous published findings.

297 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

213 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An algorithm is described which determines the median of n elements using in the worst case a number of comparisons asymptotic to 3n.

209 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1976
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that there is a bijection between the unipotent elements of G and the nilpotent elements of g which preserves the G-action, provided that the characteristic of K is either 0 or a good prime for G.
Abstract: Let G be a simple adjoint algebraic group over an algebraically closed field K. We are concerned to describe the conjugacy classes of unipotent elements of G. G operates on its Lie algebra g by means of the adjoint action and we may consider classes of nilpotent elements of g under this action. It has been shown by Springer (11) that there is a bijection between the unipotent elements of G and the nilpotent elements of g which preserves the G-action, provided that the characteristic of K is either 0 or a ‘good prime’ for G. Thus we may concentrate on the problem of classifying the nilpotent elements of g under the adjoint G-action.

191 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
07 Oct 1976-Nature
TL;DR: A seven-membered microbial community capable of utilising the herbicide Dalapon has been isolated by continuous-flow enrichment culture and one member of the community acquired the ability to grow on Dalapon through the evolution of an extant dehalogenase.
Abstract: A seven-membered microbial community capable of utilising the herbicide Dalapon has been isolated by continuous-flow enrichment culture. The composition of this community has remained remarkably stable over thousands of hours in a Dalapon-limited chemostat. During this period, however, one member of the community, Pseudomonas putida, acquired the ability to grow on Dalapon through the evolution of an extant dehalogenase.

188 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1976

182 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results of the first experiment indicate that students who underwent the programme reported almost three times as much relevant and accurate information after a test interview as those who received only traditional training.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the conditions générales d'utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/legal.php) of a fichier do not necessarily imply a mention of copyright.
Abstract: © Annales de l’institut Fourier, 1976, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Annales de l’institut Fourier » (http://annalif.ujf-grenoble.fr/) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/legal.php). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two algorithms are proved to compute the closure of a matrix oven any closed semiring using a generalization of algorithms by Warshall, Floyd and Kleene and a generalized version of Dijkstra algorithm.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reactions of lettuce cultivars to physiologic races of Bremia lactucae are interpreted in terms of a gene-for-gene relationship between pathogen and host in order to determine the choice of cultivars available to counteract any given local race situation.
Abstract: SUMMARY The reactions of lettuce cultivars to physiologic races of Bremia lactucae are interpreted in terms of a gene-for-gene relationship between pathogen and host. The hypothesis takes into account the parentage of cultivars and the origins of their resistance, the characteristics of the resistance reactions and data available from detailed genetical analysis of various race/cultivar combinations. Cultivars are classified with respect to ten postulated resistance genes and B. lactucae races are defined by the virulence genes present. The practical significance of these studies is discussed in relation to both future lettuce breeding programmes and to the choice of cultivars available to counteract any given local race situation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that traditional methods of clinical training fail to equip medical students with adequate history- taking skills and they should be given a more appropriate history-taking scheme and the opportunity to practice this under conditions of direct observation within strict time-limits.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Reduction of both substrates by whole cells showed similar response to oxygen in the assay system and in this respect Methylococcus resembles other free living nitrogen fixing aerobes.
Abstract: The use of acetylene as a convenient assay substrate for nitrogenase in methane oxidising bacteria is complicated by the observation that it is a potent inhibitor of the methane monooxygenase enzyme in both whole cells and cell-free extracts. If the cells were provided with alternative oxidisable carbon substrates other than methane then nitrogen fixing cells would reduce acetylene to ethylene. Hydrogen gas also served as an oxidisable substrate in the assay. Nitrous oxide, which is reduced by nitrogenase to N2 and H2O, was not an inhibitor of methane monooxygenase function and could be used as a convenient assay substrate for nitrogenase. Reduction of both substrates by whole cells showed similar response to oxygen in the assay system and in this respect Methylococcus resembles other free living nitrogen fixing aerobes.

Journal ArticleDOI

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Oligonucleotide fingerprinting on slabs of polyacrylamide gel has been used to investigate the sequence relationships between the 42 S RNA genome of standard Semliki Forest virus and the intracellular virus-specified single-stranded RNAs isolated from baby hampster kidney cells infected withstandard virus and co-infected with standard virus and defective-interfering particles.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of matrix microcracking on the mechanical and thermal stability of reinforced-ceramic composites is evaluated, and it is concluded that, although the potential applications of such materials are extremely diverse, several important aspects, particularly the effect that matrix micro-cracking may have on the structural stability, must be fully evaluated before ceramic-matrix composites can seriously be considered as useful replacements for more conventional materials.
Abstract: Ceramic materials often exhibit a combination of useful physical and mechanical properties, including high refractoriness, but their applications are restricted due to their brittle behaviour; in an attempt to improve the strength, and particularly the toughness, of brittle ceramics particle-strengthening and fibre-reinforcement have been utilized, with limited success. The factors which affect the mechanical properties of these composite systems are discussed, and the various experimental systems that have been investigated are reviewed. It is concluded that, although the potential applications of such materials are extremely diverse, several important aspects, particularly the effect that matrix microcracking may have on the mechanical and thermal stability of reinforced-ceramic systems, must be fully evaluated before ceramic-matrix composites can seriously be considered as useful replacements for more conventional materials.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for the observation of metastable transitions in the first field-free region of a double-focussing mass spectrometer of Nier-Johnson geometry by scanning simultaneously the accelerating potential V and the energy V is described.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new approach to the analysis and interpretation of Compton profiles, based on the properties of the Fourier transform of the profiles, is presented, applied to the determination of Fermi momenta for some simple metals.


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1976-Mind
TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that the problems analogous to those which arise in the attempt to justify induction, also arise when attempting to justify deductive reasoning, and that such a justification would be circular.
Abstract: (i) It is often taken for granted by writers who propose-and, for that matter, by writers who oppose-'justifications' of induction, that deduction either does not need, or can readily be provided with, justification. The purpose of this paper is to argue that, contrary to this common opinion, problems analogous to those which, notoriously, arise in the attempt to justify induction, also arise in the attempt to justify deduction. Hume presented us with a dilemma: we cannot justify induction deductively, because to do so would be to show that whenever the premisses of an inductive argument are true, the conclusion must be true too-which would be too strong; and we cannot justify induction inductively, either, because such a 'justification' would be circular. I propose another dilemma: we cannot justify deduction inductively, because to do so would be, at best, to show that usually, when the premisses of a deductive argument are true, the conclusion is true too-which would be too weak; and we cannot justify deduction deductively, either, because such a justification would be circular. The parallel between the old and the new dilemmas can be illustrated thus:

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the specification of the link between the size distribution of firms in the market, advertising and the divergence of price from marginal cost, and argue that misspecifications in previous research have led some investigators to conclude, erroneously, that there is no significant relationship between concentration and performance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the leaching of nitrate either uniformly incorporated to a known depth or uniformly distributed in field soils can be reduced to the approximate form: where f is the fraction of leached below h cm in a soil of field capacity Vm (% by volume) after P cm of drainage has passed through the profile.
Abstract: Equations to predict the leaching of nitrate either uniformly incorporated to a known depth or uniformly distributed in field soils can be reduced to the approximate form:where f is the fraction of nitrate leached below h cm in a soil of field capacity Vm (% by volume) after P cm of drainage has passed through the profile. If nitrate is initially incorporated uniformly to a depth of w cm, then x = h – ½w(where h ≥ w); if nitrate is distributed uniformly throughout the whole profile, then x = ½h. For surface-applied nitrate x = h (Burns, 1975).Observed mean displacements in published experiments have been compared with predictions from the equations and from equations in which the mean movement of nitrate and water are assumed equal. The new equations give better agreement with the observed data.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is calculated that alcohols affect both the long-range interactions between phospholipids and proteins in mitochondrial membranes and the order ofospholipid bilayers near the glycerol region (as detected by ANS).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a method for the location of the positions of carbon-carbon double bonds using high pressure mass spectrometry is proposed, where a known olefinic molecular ion reacts with a second unknown olelinic to form a four-centre complex, which fragments with retention of the structural identity of methylene and substituted methylene groups to eliminate a new olein molecule and to form an unsaturated ion from which the position of the double bond in the unknown oleinin can be inferred.
Abstract: A method for the location of the positions of carbon-carbon double bonds using high pressure mass spectrometry is proposed. A known olefinic molecular ion reacts with a second, unknown olefin to form a four-centre complex, which fragments with retention of the structural identity of methylene and substituted methylene groups to eliminate a new olefin molecule and to form an unsaturated ion from which the position of the double bond in the unknown olefin can be inferred. Vinyl methyl ether proved to be a convenient reagent gas and its molecular ion undergoes the required reaction with several classes of olefinic compound. Conjugated dienes and unsaturated compounds containing electronegative groups do not undergo this reaction.