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Institution

University of Warwick

EducationCoventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom
About: University of Warwick is a education organization based out in Coventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & White dwarf. The organization has 26212 authors who have published 77127 publications receiving 2666552 citations. The organization is also known as: Warwick University & The University of Warwick.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: DNA and rRNA are the most informative taxonomic biomarkers and 13C-labelled molecules can be purified from unlabelled nucleic acid by density-gradient centrifugation.
Abstract: Stable isotope probing (SIP) is a technique that is used to identify the microorganisms in environmental samples that use a particular growth substrate. The method relies on the incorporation of a substrate that is highly enriched in a stable isotope, such as (13)C, and the identification of active microorganisms by the selective recovery and analysis of isotope-enriched cellular components. DNA and rRNA are the most informative taxonomic biomarkers and (13)C-labelled molecules can be purified from unlabelled nucleic acid by density-gradient centrifugation. The future holds great promise for SIP, particularly when combined with other emerging technologies such as microarrays and metagenomics.

556 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The paper identifies three generative mechanisms of digital infrastructure and how they contingently lead to evolution outcomes and uses these mechanisms as a basis for developing a configurational perspective that advances current knowledge about why some digital infrastructures evolve successfully while others do not.
Abstract: The current literature on digital infrastructure offers powerful lenses for conceptualizing the increasingly interconnected information system collectives found in contemporary organizations. However, little attention has been paid to the generative mechanisms of digital infrastructure, that is, the causal powers that explain how and why such infrastructure evolves over time. This is unfortunate, since more knowledge about what drives digital infrastructures would be highly valuable for managers and IT professionals confronted by the complexity of managing them. To this end, this paper adopts a critical realist view for developing a configurational perspective of infrastructure evolution. Our theorizing draws on a multimethod research design comprising an in-depth case study and a case survey. The in-depth case study, conducted at a Scandinavian airline, distinguishes three key mechanisms of digital infrastructure evolution: adoption, innovation, and scaling. The case survey research of 41 cases of digital infrastructure then identifies and analyzes causal paths through which configurations of these mechanisms lead to successful evolution outcomes. The study reported in this paper contributes to the infrastructure literature in two ways. First, we identify three generative mechanisms of digital infrastructure and how they contingently lead to evolution outcomes. Second, we use these mechanisms as a basis for developing a configurational perspective that advances current knowledge about why some digital infrastructures evolve successfully while others do not. In addition, the paper demonstrates and discusses the efficacy of critical realism as a philosophical tradition for developing substantive contributions in the field of information systems.

556 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that although recent progress has been impressive, the next decade will yield even more substantial insights not only into how domestication took place, but also when and where it did, and where and why it did not.
Abstract: It is difficult to overstate the cultural and biological impacts that the domestication of plants and animals has had on our species. Fundamental questions regarding where, when, and how many times domestication took place have been of primary interest within a wide range of academic disciplines. Within the last two decades, the advent of new archaeological and genetic techniques has revolutionized our understanding of the pattern and process of domestication and agricultural origins that led to our modern way of life. In the spring of 2011, 25 scholars with a central interest in domestication representing the fields of genetics, archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, geoarchaeology, and archaeology met at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center to discuss recent domestication research progress and identify challenges for the future. In this introduction to the resulting Special Feature, we present the state of the art in the field by discussing what is known about the spatial and temporal patterns of domestication, and controversies surrounding the speed, intentionality, and evolutionary aspects of the domestication process. We then highlight three key challenges for future research. We conclude by arguing that although recent progress has been impressive, the next decade will yield even more substantial insights not only into how domestication took place, but also when and where it did, and where and why it did not.

555 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: DL_POLY as discussed by the authors is a general-purpose molecular dynamics simulation package, which was developed by Daresbury Laboratory in the mid-1990s for the molecular simulation community in the United Kingdom.
Abstract: DL_POLY is a general-purpose molecular dynamics simulation package, which was developed by Daresbury Laboratory in the mid-1990s for the molecular simulation community in the United Kingdom. The package now has a world-wide user base and applications in many areas of molecular simulation. In this article we briefly review the history and design of the package and highlight some recent applications in the areas of; liquids and solutions; spectroscopy; ionic solids; molecular crystals; polymers; glasses; membranes; proteins; solid and liquid interfaces; catalysis; liquid crystals; intercalation and clathrates; and novel systems. The strengths and weaknesses of the code and its future in the near term are also discussed.

555 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a model, the TSIR (Time-series Suscep- tible-Infected-Recovered) model, that can capture both endemic cycles and episodic out-breaks in measles.
Abstract: Before the development of mass-vaccination campaigns, measles exhibited persistent fluctuations (endemic dynamics) in large British cities, and recurrent outbreaks (episodic dynamics) in smaller communities. The critical community size separating the two regimes was ;300 000-500 000. We develop a model, the TSIR (Time-series Suscep- tible-Infected-Recovered) model, that can capture both endemic cycles and episodic out- breaks in measles. The model includes the stochasticity inherent in the disease transmission (giving rise to a negative binomial conditional distribution) and random immigration. It is thus a doubly stochastic model for disease dynamics. It further includes seasonality in the transmission rates. All parameters of the model are estimated on the basis of time series data on reported cases and reconstructed susceptible numbers from a set of cities in England and Wales in the prevaccination era (1944-1966). The 60 cities analyzed span a size range from London (3.3 3 10 6 inhabitants) to Teignmouth (10 500 inhabitants). The dynamics of all cities fit the model well. Transmission rates scale with community size, as expected from dynamics adhering closely to frequency dependent transmission (''true mass action''). These rates are further found to reveal strong seasonal variation, corresponding to high transmission during school terms and lower transmission during the school holidays. The basic reproductive ratio, R0, is found to be invariant across the observed range of host community size, and the mean proportion of susceptible individuals also appears to be constant. Through the epidemic cycle, the susceptible population is kept within a 3% interval. The disease is, thus, efficient in ''regulating'' the susceptible population—even in small cities that undergo recurrent epidemics with frequent extinction of the disease agent. Recolonization is highly sensitive to the random immigration process. The initial phase of the epidemic is also stochastic (due to demographic stochasticity and random immigration). However, the epidemic is nearly ''deterministic'' through most of the growth and decline phase.

555 citations


Authors

Showing all 26659 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
David Miller2032573204840
Daniel R. Weinberger177879128450
Kay-Tee Khaw1741389138782
Joseph E. Stiglitz1641142152469
Edmund T. Rolls15361277928
Thomas J. Smith1401775113919
Tim Jones135131491422
Ian Ford13467885769
Paul Harrison133140080539
Sinead Farrington133142291099
Peter Hall132164085019
Paul Brennan132122172748
G. T. Jones13186475491
Peter Simmonds13182362953
Tim Martin12987882390
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023195
2022734
20214,816
20204,927
20194,602
20184,132