University of Waterloo

About: University of Waterloo is a education organization based out in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 36093 authors who have published 93906 publications receiving 2948139 citations. The organization is also known as: UW & uwaterloo.

The mechanism of vesicle formation.

Abstract: Phospholipid molecules exhibit amphiphilic properties and therefore they aggregate either in their crystalline state or in polar solvents into ordered structures with typical lyotropic liquid crystalline symmetries (de Gennes, 1974). At high lipid concentrations in water these are predominantly lamellar phases (Luzzati, 1968), while in aqueous solutions phospholipid molecules normally form self-closed spherical or oval structures where one or several phospholipid bilayers entrap(s) part of the solvent in its/their interior (Bangham & Home, 1964; Papahadjopoulos, 1978). In the case of one bilayer separating the internal and external solvent these structures are called, with respect to their size, small or large unilamellar vesicles (SUV and LUV, respectively) while the term multilamellar vesicles (MLV) is used in the case of many bilayers entrapping some of the solvent. The terms giant vesicle (GV) and large or small oligolamellar vesicles (LOV, SOV) are also used for very large vesicles and structures where several bilayers surround the entrapped solvent. Sometimes, especially in the case of technological applications, the term liposome is a homonym for SUV, LUV and MLV while in the older literature terms liposome and MLV are often synonyms. Vesicles are very important in many different areas of science and technology. In basic research they serve as models for cell membranes and their fusion, transport studies and investigations of membrane proteins that can be reconstituted in vesicles (i.e. 'proteoliposomes'). They also serve as delivery vehicles for drugs, genetic material, enzymes and other (macro)molecules into living cells and through other hydrophobic barriers in pharmacology, medicine, genetic engineering, cosmetic industry and food industry (Gregoriadis, 1984). They are also used as

Factors influencing optic nerve head biomechanics.

Abstract: measures. RESULTS. The five input factors that had the largest influence across all outcome measures were, in ranked order: stiffness of the sclera, radius of the eye, stiffness of the lamina cribrosa, IOP, and thickness of the scleral shell. The five least influential factors were, in reverse ranked order: retinal thickness, peripapillary rim height, cup depth, cup-to-disc ratio, and pial thickness. Factor ranks were similar for various outcome measure groups and factor ranges. CONCLUSIONS. The model predicts that ONH biomechanics are strongly dependent on scleral biomechanical properties. Acute deformations of ONH tissues, and the consequent high levels of neural tissue strain, were less strongly dependent on the action of IOP directly on the internal surface of the ONH than on the indirect effects of IOP on the sclera. This suggests that interindividual variations in scleral properties could be a risk factor for the development of glaucoma. Eye size and lamina cribrosa biomechanical properties also have a strong influence on ONH biomechanics. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46: 4189‐4199) DOI:10.1167/iovs.05-0541

Advances in Solid Phase Microextraction and Perspective on Future Directions.

Abstract: Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a versatile, non-exhaustive sample preparation tool that has been demonstrated to be well-suited for facile and effective analysis of a broad range of compounds in a plethora of studies. A growing number of reports describing diverse SPME workflows for novel investigations in a variety of fields, such as flavor and fragrance investigations, environmental studies, and diverse bioanalytical applications, among others, corroborate the applicability of this microextraction tool in the analytical sciences

Gender, leisure, and constraint: Towards a framework for the analysis of women's leisure.

Abstract: This paper examines three approaches to the analysis of women's leisure, and discusses ways in which the ideas and concepts from these different approaches can be integrated. The first and dominant...