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Showing papers by "University of Western Australia published in 1979"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a six-stage model of homosexual identity formation is outlined within the framework of interpersonal congruency theory, where a person is seen to have an active role in the acquisition of a homosexual identity, and alternative paths of development are proposed within each stage.
Abstract: A six-stage model of homosexual identity formation is outlined within the framework of interpersonal congruency theory. Stages are differentiated on the basis of the person's perceptions of his/her own behavior and the actions that arise as a consequence of this perception. The person is seen to have an active role in the acquisition of a homosexual identity. Alternative paths of development are proposed within each stage. The notion that people can accept homosexuality as a positively valued status is assumed. Several factors believed to be influential in determining whether a person takes one line of development or another are discussed. The model is intended to be applied to both female and male homosexuals.

1,852 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new way of handling the logical paradoxes is suggested, where instead of trying to dissolve them, or explain what has gone wrong, the authors should accept them and learn to come to live with them.
Abstract: The purpose of the present paper is to suggest a new way of handling the logical paradoxes. Instead of trying to dissolve them, or explain what has gone wrong, we should accept them and learn to come to live with them. This is argued in Sections I and II. For obvious reasons this will require the abandonment, or at least modification, of 'classical' logic. A way to do this is suggested in Section III. Sections IV and V discuss some implications of this approach to paradoxes.

680 citations


Book
01 Jun 1979

653 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

214 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A case for the use of quintic natural splines is presented, based on the smoothness of higher derivatives and flexibility in application, and the appropriateness of various numerical procedures for obtaining valid time-derivative data recently reported in the literature.

205 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Infection of ryegrass roots by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (v.a.m.m.) endophytes occurring in an unfertilized virgin soil of low P status was more sensitive to increasing P supply than that by endophytic occurs in an adjacent fertilized agricultural soil, which closely paralleled effects of P supply on soluble carbohydrate concentrations in roots.
Abstract: Infection of ryegrass roots by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (v.a.m.) endophytes occurring in an unfertilized virgin soil of low P status was more sensitive to increasing P supply than that by endophytes occurring in an adjacent fertilized agricultural soil. P application to soil depressed mycorrhiza formation in subterranean clover by increasing plant P status and not by direct effects of soil P on v.a.m. endophytes. Localized placements of superphosphate by banding or topdressing did not affect the development of mycorrhizas of roots in the fertilized zones differently from those of roots not in fertilized zones. The amount of infection was not correlated with P concentrations within the plant at harvest. However, the extent of infection could be correlated with P concentrations of roots at early stages of penetration by the fungi. Additionally, the effects of P supply on frequency of penetration by hyphae and subsequent mycorrhiza development closely paralleled effects of P supply on soluble carbohydrate concentrations in roots.

196 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that liver CuSOD activity, which is normally high, is greatly reduced with little change in cytochrome oxidase activity; the reverse is found for heart and muscle tissue.
Abstract: The effects of dietary copper level on tissue activities of the copper containing superoxide dismutase (CuSOD) were investigated, and these activities related to those of other copper containing enzymes particularly cytochrome oxidase. Male weaning rats were fed a basal diet (containing 0.8 mg Cu/kg) or this diet supplemented with 4 or 24 mg Cu/kg. After 6 weeks, rats fed the basal diet were then repleted using the high copper diet. In the two copper supplemented groups, no differences were observed in any of the parameters measured. In these groups, tissue activities of CuSOD were in the order of liver greater than kidney greater than RBC greater than testis greater than heart greater than brain greater than lung greater than muscle. In the basal group, CuSOD activity decreased in liver; RBC and heart to 14, 25, and 61%, respectively, of control activities after 6 weeks' depletion; tissues other than brain or muscle showed smaller but significant changes. Conversely, heart and muscle cytochrome oxidase activities decreased to 30 and 45% of control activity and liver to 70%. With repletion, CuSOD activities in liver and heart increased more rapidly than did cytochrome oxidase activities. It is concluded that liver CuSOD activity, which is normally high, is greatly reduced with little change in cytochrome oxidase activity; the reverse is found for heart and muscle tissue. The relevance of these changes to the maintenance of tissue integrity is discussed.

159 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparisons of partitioning and utilization of assimilated C and N were compared in nonnodulated, NO(3)-fed and nodulated, N(2)-fed plants of white lupin to demonstrate that patterns of incorporation of C or net photosynthate to dry matter and exchange ofC and N among plant parts were essentially similar in the two forms of nutrition.
Abstract: Partitioning and utilization of assimilated C and N were compared in nonnodulated, NO 3 -fed and nodulated, N 2 -fed plants of white lupin ( Lupinus albus L.). The NO 3 regime used (5 millimolar NO 3 ) promoted closely similar rates of growth and N assimilation as in the symbiotic plants. Over 90% of the N absorbed by the NO 3 -fed plants was judged to be reduced in roots. Empirically based models of C and N flow demonstrated that patterns of incorporation of C and N into dry matter and exchange of C and N among plant parts were essentially similar in the two forms of nutrition. NO 3 -fed and N 2 -fed plants transported similar types and proportions of organic solutes in xylem and phloem. Withdrawal of NO 3 supply from NO 3 -fed plants led to substantial changes in assimilate partitioning, particularly in increased translocation of N from shoot to root. Nodulated plants showed a lower (57%) conversion of C or net photosynthate to dry matter than did NO 3 -fed plants (69%), and their stems were only half as effective as those of NO 3 -fed plants in xylem to phloem transfer of N supplied from the root. Below-ground parts of symbiotic plants consumed a larger share (58%) of the plants9 net photosynthate than did NO 3 -fed roots (50%), thus reflecting a higher CO 2 loss per unit of N assimilated (10.2 milligrams C/milligram N) by the nodulated root than by the root of the NO 3 -fed plant (8.1 milligrams C/milligram N). Theoretical considerations indicated that the greater CO 2 output of the nodulated root involved a slightly greater expenditure for N 2 than for NO 3 assimilation, a small extra cost due to growth and maintenance of nodule tissue, and a considerably greater nonassimilatory component of respiration in root tissue of the symbiotic plant than in the root of the NO 3 -fed plant.

154 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An empirical modeling technique was developed for depicting quantitatively the transport and partitioning of photosynthetically fixed C and symbiotically fixed N during 10-day intervals of a 40-day period in the growth of nodulated plants of white lupin.
Abstract: An empirical modeling technique was developed for depicting quantitatively the transport and partitioning of photosynthetically fixed C and symbiotically fixed N during 10-day intervals of a 40-day period in the growth of nodulated plants of white lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Ultra). Model construction utilized data for C and N consumption of plant parts and C:N weight ratios of the xylem and phloem fluids serving specific plant organs. Formulas were derived from calculating the net transport of C and N between plant parts in xylem and phloem. The models provided quantitative information on the dependence of growing organs on xylem and phloem for their supply of C and N, the cycling of N through leaflets and of C through nodules, the extent of direct incorporation of fixed N into growing nodules, and the involvement of N from shoot translocate in the nutrition of the nodulated root. Stem plus petioles abstracted considerably more N from xylem than expected from their transpirational activity. Xylem to phloem transfer of recently fixed N in mature stem and petioles was substantiated by the models, being depicted as a device for dispensing N to growing parts of the shoot extra to that attracted transpirationally in xylem or received as translocate from leaflets.

141 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is a close correlation between the sound pressure of tone burst required to affect a primary auditory neuron at its characteristic frequency and that which will produce a detectable N1 response at the same frequency.
Abstract: There is a close correlation between the sound pressure of tone burst required to affect a primary auditory neuron at its characteristic frequency and that which will produce a detectable N1 response at the same frequency. Units with thresholds from 80–0 db SPL (recorded from damaged and undamaged cochleas) were 0–20 dB ,respectively, more sensitive than the action potential response.

139 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: This chapter focuses on the external resins that are secreted onto leaf surfaces, but it also provides information on resins, which remain within the plant, and other related plant products.
Abstract: Plant resins pose interesting ecological, taxonomic, physiological, and biochemical problems. This chapter briefly describes the resins in chemical terms and presents their contrast with certain other plant products. Resins are nonvolatile products of plants, from which they exude naturally (surface resins) or can be obtained by incision or infection (internal resins). They are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Stable, inert, and amorphous, they become sticky when heated and are fusible with no sharp melting points. They are mixtures of compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and fatty substances. Resins are usually produced in specialized surface glands (glandular hairs) or internal ducts. Such ducts are widespread in certain families and occur in both woody and nonwoody plants. They are more common in gymnosperms and dicotyledons than in monocotyledons. The chapter focuses on the external resins that are secreted onto leaf surfaces, but it also provides information on resins, which remain within the plant, and other related plant products.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an examination of literature bearing on the matter of misunderstandings between persons engaged in cross-cultural relationships is undertaken, and the dimensions of the problem are outlined using the following sub-headings: subjective culture and social construction of reality; intercultural communication; stereotyping, ethnocentrism, and prejudice; time factor; cultural distance; personality; and contact and attitudes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a steady normal flow theory was used to estimate the entrainment coefficient of the underflowing river in a Western Australian reservoir using field data gathered from a reservoir and a simple theory using the concept of a normal flow depth.
Abstract: Field data gathered from a Western Australian reservoir are used to obtain an estimate for the entrainment coefficient of the underflowing river. By the use of a steady normal flow theory, the entrainment coefficient is related to the flow and river channel characteristics. By combination with a general turbulent entrainment law, it is shown that the entrainment coefficient and dilution may be directly related to the physical characteristics of the river channel, and thus may be estimated without recourse to a field experiment. In order to determine the initial underflow depth and the location of the plunge line, a simple theory using the concept of a normal flow depth is used, the results of which compare favorably with observation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two experiments were performed on seasonally anovular Merino ewes to determine the intervals between time of introduction of rams, the preovulatory surge of LH and the first ovulation, and probit analysis shows that 50% of teased eWes ovulated within 41 h of being exposed to rams.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a general introduction to the relevant aspects of reflection-twinned h.c.p. arrays is given, followed by cyclic and lamellar twinning.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An electrophoretic study of 3 polymorphic enzymes in Western Australian populations has confirmed genetic identity of adults and their brood young, indicating asexual reproduction, and the data suggest occasional sexual reproduction and the likelihood of a mixture of reproductive modes in this species.
Abstract: The intertidal anemone Actinia tenebrosa is viviparous. An electrophoretic study of 3 polymorphic enzymes in Western Australian populations has confirmed genetic identity of adults and their brood young, indicating asexual reproduction. The population effects of this clonal reproduction are seen as linkage disequilibrium and departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within populations, and large differences between populations. The data also suggest occasional sexual reproduction, and the likelihood of a mixture of reproductive modes in this species.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sedimentological studies of the dominantly volcanic, ca. 3.5 b.y. Warrawoona Group, eastern Pilbara Block, Western Australia, indicate widespread shallow-water deposition as mentioned in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Binocular delay of the moving spots, without any binocular disparity, yields vivid stereoscopic depth, which corresponds to about 2″ of arc of virtual disparity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the variables of a short-crested wave system are derived to a third-order approximation by a perturbation method, under the assumption of full reflexion, uniform finite depth and an inviscid incompressible fluid.
Abstract: Short-crested wave systems, as produced by two progressive waves propagating at an oblique angle to each other, have an extremely important effect on a sedimentary bed. The complex water-particle motions are conducive to lifting material into suspension and sustaining it in motion. In order to study this phenomenon rigorously, the variables of this wave system are derived to a third-order approximation by a perturbation method. The case of waves reflecting obliquely from a vertical wall is examined under the assumptions of full reflexion, uniform finite depth and an inviscid incompressible fluid. The new formulation reduces to standing or Stokes waves at the limiting angles of approach. Expressions for kinematic quantities are also presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple technique is described for the collection of substantial numbers of alveolar macrophages by repeated in situ endobronchial lavage, suitable for mice, rats and guinea pigs, and yields up to 2.3 X 10(6) viable macrophage per animal from these 3 species respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was concluded that the inability of erythrocytes to take up transferrin or its iron is due primarily to the loss of transferrin receptors from the maturing reticulocyte surface.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that the resulting corpora lutea (CL) was observed by laparoscopy and were found to either persist normally ( 38 74 ), or regress prematurely ( 36 74 ).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Slow L-drying of spores separated from soil and supported on glass fiber filters also gave high viability for spores of some species, and a scheme for the long-term preservation of vesicular-arbuscular endophyte spores is proposed.
Abstract: The spores of four species of vesicular-arbuscular endophytes were L-dried at 22°C, and their viability was tested after heating at 80°C for up to 40 min. L-drying of spores in the soil in which they developed was a very effective method of preservation of all spore types examined. Slow L-drying of spores separated from soil and supported on glass fiber filters also gave high viability for spores of some species. A scheme for the long-term preservation of vesicular-arbuscular endophyte spores is proposed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Collections of xylem exudate of root stumps or detached nodules, and of phloem bleeding sap from stems, petioles, and fruits were made from variously aged plants of Lupinus albus L. relying on nodules for their N supply.
Abstract: Collections of xylem exudate of root stumps or detached nodules, and of phloem bleeding sap from stems, petioles, and fruits were made from variously aged plants of Lupinus albus L. relying on nodules for their N supply. Sucrose was the major organic solute of phloem, asparagine, glutamine, serine, aspartic acid, valine, lysine, isoleucine, and leucine, the principal N solutes of both xylem and phloem. Xylem sap exhibited higher relative proportions of asparagine, glutamine and aspartic acid than phloem sap, but lower proportions of other amino acids. Phloem sap of petioles was less concentrated in asparagine and glutamine but richer in sucrose than was phloem sap of stem and fruit, suggesting that sucrose was unloaded from phloem and amides added to phloem as translocate passed through stems to sinks of the plant. Evidence was obtained of loading of histidine, lysine, threonine, serine, leucine and valine onto phloem of stems but the amounts involved were small compared with amides. Analyses of petiole phloem sap from different age groups of leaves indicated ontogenetic changes and effects of position on a shoot on relative rates of export of sucrose and N solutes. Diurnal fluctuations were demonstrated in relative rates of loading of sucrose and N solutes onto phloem of leaves. Daily variations in the ability of stem tissue to load N onto phloem streams were of lesser amplitude than, or out of phase with fluctuations in translocation of N from leaves. Data were related to recent information on C and N transport in the species.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The economy of C use by root nodules was examined in two symbioses, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp and Lupinus albus L..
Abstract: The economy of C use by root nodules was examined in two symbioses, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (cv. Caloona):Rhizobium CB756 and Lupinus albus L. (cv. Ultra):Rhizobium WU425 over a 2-week period in early vegetative growth. Plants were grown in minus N water culture with cuvettes attached to the nodulated zone of their primary roots for collection of evolved CO(2) and H(2). Increments in total plant N and in C and N of nodules, and C:N weight ratios of xylem and phloem exudates were studied by periodic sampling from the plant populations. Itemized budgets were constructed for the partitioning and utilization of C in the two species. For each milligram N fixed and assimilated by the cowpea association, 1.54 +/- 0.26 (standard error) milligrams C as CO(2) and negligible H(2) were evolved and 3.11 milligrams of translocated C utilized by the nodules. Comparable values for nodules of the lupin association were 3.64 +/- 0.28 milligrams C as CO(2), 0.22 +/- 0.05 milligrams H(2), and 6.58 milligrams C. More efficient use of C by cowpea nodules was due to a lesser requirement of C for synthesis of exported N compounds, a smaller allocation of C to nodule dry matter, and a lower evolution of CO(2). The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in nodule extracts and the rate of (14)CO(2) fixation by detached nodules were greater for the cowpea symbiosis (0.56 +/- 0.06 and 0.22 milligrams C as CO(2) fixed per gram fresh weight per hour, respectively) than for the lupin 0.06 +/- 0.02 and 0.01 milligrams C as CO(2) fixed per gram fresh weight per hour. The significance of the data was discussed in relation to current information on theoretical costs of nitrogenase functioning and associated nodule processes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of the present experiment suggest a sex-related difference in degree of lateralization of hemispheric function, with males having a more strict segregation of function.
Abstract: Different patterns of lateralization of hemispheric function in the male and female brain have been proposed to account for sex differences in performance of linguistic and visuo-spatial tasks. The present experiment was designed to determine whether task-related asymmetries in suppression of the alpha rhythm differed between the sexes. Bilateral EEGs were recorded from 5 male and 5 female subjects while they performed 3 verbal-numeric and 3 visuo-spatial tasks. The proportion of right hemisphere alpha activity differed between these tasks for the male group but not for the female group. This result suggests a sex-related difference in degree of lateralization of hemispheric function, with males having a more strict segregation of function.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that the glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin 6-sulphate and chondetroitin 4-sULphate, are the major inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation in dilute normal urine.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Blue Tier Batholith as discussed by the authors is one of a number of high-level, essentially postkinematic, composite granitoid bodies occurring at the southern end of the Tasman orogenic belt of Eastern Australia.
Abstract: The Blue Tier Batholith is one of a number of high-level, essentially postkinematic, composite granitoid bodies occurring at the southern end of the Tasman orogenic belt of Eastern Australia. An integrated study of the structure, texture, and geochemistry of the batholith suggests that it has a cumulate-like character. In particular, the trace element (Ba, Rb, Sr) data, when constrained by textural features of the granitiods, indicate that the batholith formed by fractional crystallization of a single magma which underwent crystallization in situ by progressive nucleation and solidification from the roof, walls, and floor inwards. Progressive changes in liquids (cumulate) mineralogy during crystallization led to the observed sequence of early biotite and/or hornblende granodiorites followed by biotite adamellites and late muscovite biotite granites. Progressive in situ crystallization led in some instances to gradational boundaries between granitoid types whereas periodic tectonic distrubances caused the rest magma to reintrude earlier crystallizates in places: thus emplacement and crystallization sequences are parallel. The ultimate product of fractional crystallization was a water-saturated melt, enriched in incompatible elements, whose crystallization resulted in significant tin mineralization. The chemistry of the rocks comprising the batholith is in many respects analogous to that of basic cumulate rocks, although an origin by outward growth of crystals and expulsion of interstitial melt, coupled with convective mixing, rather than by crystal settling, is favoured for the granitoid suite. It is suggested that the Blue Tier Batholith is not an isolated example of a granitoid body with cumulate-like character, but that such bodies may be more common than is recognized.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Biotite in deeply weathered granitic rocks in southwestern Australia has altered to exfoliated grains composed of biotite, mixed-layer clay minerals, kaolinite, vermiculite, gibbsite, goethite, and hematite as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Biotite in deeply weathered granitic rocks in southwestern Australia has altered to exfoliated grains composed of biotite, mixed-layer clay minerals, kaolinite, vermiculite, gibbsite, goethite, and hematite. Discrete vermiculite and vermiculite-dominant mixed-layer clay minerals are not major weathering products. Oxidation of octahedral iron in biotite is associated with ejection of octahedral cations, loss of interlayer K, and a contraction of the b-dimension of the biotite sheet. Si, Mg, Ca, Mn, K, and Na are lost from biotite during weathering, and Ti, Al, Ni, and Cr are retained. Fe and water have been added to the grains during weathering. Much Fe occurs as aggregates of microcystalline, aluminum-rich goethite particles on flake surfaces and within etchpits, with smaller amounts occurring as hexagonal arrangements of lath-shaped crystals of goethite on flake surfaces.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Amino compounds representative of the major N solutes of xylem sap were pulse-fed in (14)C-labeled form to cut transpiring shoots of white lupin to discuss the significance of heterogeneity in distribution and metabolism ofxylem amino compounds in the shoot.
Abstract: Amino compounds representative of the major N solutes of xylem sap were pulse-fed (10 to 20 minutes) singly in 14C-labeled form to cut transpiring shoots of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). 14C distribution was studied by autoradiography and radioassays of phloem sap, leaflet tissues, and shoot parts harvested at intervals after labeling. Primary distribution of N by xylem was simulated using a 20-minute labeling pulse followed by a 30-minute chase in unlabeled xylem sap. Shoots fed 14C-labeled asparagine, glutamine, valine, serine, or arginine showed intense labeling of leaflet veins and marked retention (35 to 78%) of 14C by stem + petioles. Shoots fed 14C-labeled aspartic acid or glutamic acid showed heaviest 14C accumulation in interveinal regions of leaflets and low uptake (11 to 20%) of 14C by stem + petioles. Departing leaf traces were major sites of uptake of all amino compounds, and the implications of this were evaluated. Fruits acquired only 1 to 5% of the fed label directly from xylem, but more than doubled their intake during the period 30 to 160 minutes after feeding through receipt of 14C transferred from xylem to phloem in stem and leaves. 14C-Labeled asparagine and valine transferred directly from xylem to phloem, but the 14C of 14C-labeled aspartic acid and arginine appeared in phloem mainly as metabolic products of the fed compound. The labeling of the soluble pool of leaflets reflected these differences. The significance of heterogeneity in distribution and metabolism of xylem amino compounds in the shoot was discussed.