Institution
University of Western Australia
Education•Perth, Western Australia, Australia•
About: University of Western Australia is a education organization based out in Perth, Western Australia, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 29613 authors who have published 87405 publications receiving 3064466 citations. The organization is also known as: UWA & University of WA.
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TL;DR: Each of the four measures seems to be useful in special kinds of problems, but only lower and upper previsions appear to be sufficiently general to model the most common types of uncertainty.
419 citations
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TL;DR: Veevers et al. as discussed by the authors reconstructed the seafloor around Australia that spread during the dispersal of Argo Land, India, Antarctica, Lord Howe Rise/New Zealand and the Papuan Peninsula and determined the pattern of spreading around Australia was determined by two longstanding (earlier Phanerozoic) factors that operated in a counterclockwise direction: (1) penetration from the northwest by the Tethyan divergent ridge; and (2) rotation from the northeast of the Pacific convergent arc and back-arc.
Abstract: The existing data on Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic seafloor spreading isochrons (reviewed in the companion paper by Veevers & Li) and fracture zone trends provide the basis for 12 reconstructions of the seafloor around Australia that spread during the dispersal of Argo Land, India, Antarctica, Lord Howe Rise/New Zealand and the Papuan Peninsula. The major changes of plate geometry in the Jurassic, Early Cretaceous, mid‐Cretaceous, early Paleocene and early Eocene reflect global events. The pattern of spreading around Australia was determined by two long‐standing (earlier Phanerozoic) factors that operated in a counter‐clockwise direction: (1) penetration from the northwest by the Tethyan divergent ridge; and (2) rotation from the northeast of the Pacific convergent arc and back‐arc. The only new feature of the modern pattern is the deep penetration by the Indian Ocean ridge into eastern Gondwanaland to fragment it into continents in contrast with the pattern up to 160 Ma ago of breaking off micro‐continents.
419 citations
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TL;DR: Stromatolites are the least controversial evidence of early life; they are organosedimentary structures resulting from the growth and metabolic activity of microorganisms as discussed by the authors, and the oldest well established occurrence was in the 2,900-3,000 Myr Pongola Supergroup of South Africa; five or six additional occurrences are known from the later Archean3.
Abstract: Stromatolites are the least controversial evidence of early life; they are organosedimentary structures resulting from the growth and metabolic activity of microorganisms1. Before this report, however, the oldest well established occurrence was in the 2,900–3,000 Myr Pongola Supergroup of South Africa2; five or six additional occurrences are known from the later Archean3. The only proposed example from older rocks is of a possibly stromatolitic microfabric from 3,500 Myr cherts in South Africa4; as yet that interpretation has not been supported by the discovery of macroscopic stromatolites. Here we describe stromatolites 3,400–3,500-Myr old from the Pilbara Block of Western Australia. These are the oldest firmly established biogenic deposits now known from the geological record.
419 citations
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TL;DR: The positive effects of exercise on endothelial function and the autonomic nervous system are highlighted and debated to stimulate debate on the nature and cause of the ‘risk factor gap’ associated with exercise and physical activity.
Abstract: In humans, exercise training and moderate to high levels of physical activity are protective against cardiovascular disease. In fact they are ∼40% more protective than predicted based on the changes in traditional risk factors (blood lipids, hypertension, diabetes etc.) that they cause. In this review, we highlight the positive effects of exercise on endothelial function and the autonomic nervous system. We also ask if these effects alone, or in combination, might explain the protective effects of exercise against cardiovascular disease that appear to be independent of traditional risk factor modification. Our goal is to use selected data from our own work and that of others to stimulate debate on the nature and cause of the ‘risk factor gap’ associated with exercise and physical activity.
419 citations
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TL;DR: A new definition of mycorrhizas that encompasses all types of these associations while excluding other plant‐fungus interactions is provided and recognises the importance of nutrient transfer at an interface resulting from synchronised plant‐Fungus development.
Abstract: Most mycorrhizas are 'balanced' mutualistic associations in which the fungus and plant exchange commodities required for their growth and survival. Myco-heterotrophic plants have 'exploitative' mycorrhizas where transfer processes apparently benefit only plants. Exploitative associations are symbiotic (in the broad sense), but are not mutualistic. A new definition of mycorrhizas that encompasses all types of these associations while excluding other plant-fungus interactions is provided. This definition recognises the importance of nutrient transfer at an interface resulting from synchronised plant-fungus development. The diversity of interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and plants is considered. Mycorrhizal fungi also function as endophytes, necrotrophs and antagonists of host or non-host plants, with roles that vary during the lifespan of their associations. It is recommended that mycorrhizal associations are defined and classified primarily by anatomical criteria regulated by the host plant. A revised classification scheme for types and categories of mycorrhizal associations defined by these criteria is proposed. The main categories of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal associations (VAM) are 'linear' or 'coiling', and of ectomycorrhizal associations (ECM) are 'epidermal' or 'cortical'. Subcategories of coiling VAM and epidermal ECM occur in certain host plants. Fungus-controlled features result in 'morphotypes' within categories of VAM and ECM. Arbutoid and monotropoid associations should be considered subcategories of epidermal ECM and ectendomycorrhizas should be relegated to an ECM morphotype. Both arbuscules and vesicles define mycorrhizas formed by glomeromycotan fungi. A new classification scheme for categories, subcategories and morphotypes of mycorrhizal associations is provided.
419 citations
Authors
Showing all 29972 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Nicholas G. Martin | 192 | 1770 | 161952 |
Cornelia M. van Duijn | 183 | 1030 | 146009 |
Kay-Tee Khaw | 174 | 1389 | 138782 |
Steven N. Blair | 165 | 879 | 132929 |
David W. Bates | 159 | 1239 | 116698 |
Mark E. Cooper | 158 | 1463 | 124887 |
David Cameron | 154 | 1586 | 126067 |
Stephen T. Holgate | 142 | 870 | 82345 |
Jeremy K. Nicholson | 141 | 773 | 80275 |
Xin Chen | 139 | 1008 | 113088 |
Graeme J. Hankey | 137 | 844 | 143373 |
David Stuart | 136 | 1665 | 103759 |
Joachim Heinrich | 136 | 1309 | 76887 |
Carlos M. Duarte | 132 | 1173 | 86672 |
David Smith | 129 | 2184 | 100917 |