Institution
University of Western Australia
Education•Perth, Western Australia, Australia•
About: University of Western Australia is a education organization based out in Perth, Western Australia, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 29613 authors who have published 87405 publications receiving 3064466 citations. The organization is also known as: UWA & University of WA.
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01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly increased in patients with genetic hemochromatosis, alcoholic liver disease, or chronic hepatitis C infection.
Abstract: The risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly increased in patients with genetic hemochromatosis, alcoholic liver disease, or chronic hepatitis C infection. The precise mechanisms underlying the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in these conditions are not well understood. Stem cells within the liver, termed oval cells, are involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in animal models and may be important in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in human chronic liver diseases. The aims of this study were to determine whether oval cells could be detected in the liver of patients with genetic hemochromatosis, alcoholic liver disease, or chronic hepatitis C, and whether there is a relationship between the severity of the liver disease and the number of oval cells. Oval cells were detected using histology and immunohistochemistry in liver biopsies from patients with genetic hemochromatosis, alcoholic liver disease, or chronic hepatitis C. Oval cells were not observed in normal liver controls. Oval cell numbers increased significantly with the progression of disease severity from mild to severe in each of the diseases studied. We conclude that oval cells are frequently found in subjects with genetic hemochromatosis, alcoholic liver disease, or chronic hepatitis C. There is an association between severity of liver disease and increase in the number of oval cells consistent with the hypothesis that oval cell proliferation is associated with increased risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic liver disease.
416 citations
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Canadian Grain Commission1, University of Saskatchewan2, Kansas State University3, Leibniz Association4, National Research Council5, Norwich Research Park6, University of Zurich7, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada8, ETH Zurich9, Kihara Institute for Biological Research10, Natural History Museum11, University of Minnesota12, Tel Aviv University13, University of Manitoba14, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology15, University of Guelph16, Kyoto University17, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center18, University of Western Australia19, Syngenta20, University of Adelaide21, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology22, Kyoto Prefectural University23, University of Haifa24, Technische Universität München25, University of Göttingen26
TL;DR: Comparative analysis of multiple genome assemblies from wheat reveals extensive diversity that results from the complex breeding history of wheat and provides a basis for further potential improvements to this important food crop.
Abstract: Advances in genomics have expedited the improvement of several agriculturally important crops but similar efforts in wheat (Triticum spp.) have been more challenging. This is largely owing to the size and complexity of the wheat genome1, and the lack of genome-assembly data for multiple wheat lines2,3. Here we generated ten chromosome pseudomolecule and five scaffold assemblies of hexaploid wheat to explore the genomic diversity among wheat lines from global breeding programs. Comparative analysis revealed extensive structural rearrangements, introgressions from wild relatives and differences in gene content resulting from complex breeding histories aimed at improving adaptation to diverse environments, grain yield and quality, and resistance to stresses4,5. We provide examples outlining the utility of these genomes, including a detailed multi-genome-derived nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein repertoire involved in disease resistance and the characterization of Sm16, a gene associated with insect resistance. These genome assemblies will provide a basis for functional gene discovery and breeding to deliver the next generation of modern wheat cultivars.
416 citations
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TL;DR: The authors used the approach in the under/over education literature to analyze the extent of matching of educational level to occupational attainment among adult native born and foreign born men in the US, using the 2000 Census.
416 citations
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TL;DR: The pH at the root surface will often differ from the pH a few millimeters away by 1-2 units as mentioned in this paper, and the pH buffering capacity, moisture content, initial pH and pCO2 of the soil.
Abstract: Plants that absorb nitrogen as NO3
− tend to raise the pH in the rhizosphere. Those absorbing nitrogen as NH4
+ or N2 lower the pH. The change in pH near the root surface may be calculated approximately from the H+ or HCO3
− efflux and radius of the root; and the pH buffering capacity, moisture content, initial pH and pCO
2 of the soil. An accurate equation, solved numerically, also takes account of root hairs, mass flow and slow acid-base reaction in the soil. The pH at the root surface will often differ from the pH a few mm away by 1–2 units.
415 citations
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TL;DR: This approach should reduce the severity of DMD by allowing a dystrophic gene transcript to be modified, such that it can be translated into a Becker-dystrophin-like protein.
Abstract: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle wasting disease arising from defects in the dystrophin gene, typically nonsense or frameshift mutations, that preclude the synthesis of a functional protein. A milder, allelic version of the disease, Becker muscular dystrophy, generally arises from in-frame deletions that allow synthesis of a shorter but still semifunctional protein. Therapies to introduce functional dystrophin into dystrophic tissue through either cell or gene replacement have not been successful to date. We report an alternative approach where 2′-O-methyl antisense oligoribonucleotides have been used to modify processing of the dystrophin pre-mRNA in the mdx mouse model of DMD. By targeting 2′-O-methyl antisense oligoribonucleotides to block motifs involved in normal dystrophin pre-mRNA splicing, we induced excision of exon 23, and the mdx nonsense mutation, without disrupting the reading frame. Exon 23 skipping was first optimized in vitro in transfected H-2Kb-tsA58 mdx myoblasts and then induced in vivo. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the synthesis and correct subsarcolemmal localization of dystrophin and γ-sarcoglycan in the mdx mouse after intramuscular delivery of antisense oligoribonucleotide:liposome complexes. This approach should reduce the severity of DMD by allowing a dystrophic gene transcript to be modified, such that it can be translated into a Becker-dystrophin-like protein.
414 citations
Authors
Showing all 29972 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Nicholas G. Martin | 192 | 1770 | 161952 |
Cornelia M. van Duijn | 183 | 1030 | 146009 |
Kay-Tee Khaw | 174 | 1389 | 138782 |
Steven N. Blair | 165 | 879 | 132929 |
David W. Bates | 159 | 1239 | 116698 |
Mark E. Cooper | 158 | 1463 | 124887 |
David Cameron | 154 | 1586 | 126067 |
Stephen T. Holgate | 142 | 870 | 82345 |
Jeremy K. Nicholson | 141 | 773 | 80275 |
Xin Chen | 139 | 1008 | 113088 |
Graeme J. Hankey | 137 | 844 | 143373 |
David Stuart | 136 | 1665 | 103759 |
Joachim Heinrich | 136 | 1309 | 76887 |
Carlos M. Duarte | 132 | 1173 | 86672 |
David Smith | 129 | 2184 | 100917 |