Showing papers by "University of Western Ontario published in 1968"
2,741 citations
TL;DR: In this article, pictures of objects were recalled significantly better than their names on the first two of four free recall trials and showed that picture superiority occurred for terminal input items on Trial 1, and both terminal and early item on Trial 2.
Abstract: Pictures of objects were recalled significantly better than their names on the first two of four free recall trials. Recall for the two modes did not differ in intertriai organization but striking differences occurred as a function of input serial order. Picture superiority occurred for terminal input items on Trial 1, and both terminal and early items on Trial 2. The findings are discussed in terms of verbal and nonverbal (concrete) memory codes.
477 citations
TL;DR: The diameter, area, and volume of individual human erythrocytes were determined by photographing the cells hanging on edge by using a theoretical geometric parameter, the “minimum cylindrical diameter” (MCDiam), in microns, which predicts the linear boundary of the plot of area vs. volume.
Abstract: The diameter, area, and volume of individual human erythrocytes (of 8 subjects, newborn to age 71) were determined by photographing the cells hanging on edge. Measurements from high magnification prints were processed by computer. The distributions of diameter, area, and volume are described statistically, with the unexpectedly linear regression equations for their interrelations. The plot of area vs. volume for the 1016 normal cells from seven subjects (newborn excluded) was remarkably linear with a "straight-line" boundary restricting the distribution. Shape was characterized by a dimensionless "sphericity index" (4.84.volume 2/3 /area). Cells of larger volume tended to be thinner than the smaller cells. The red cell can easily be deformed at constant volume, but an increase in membrane area results in hemolysis. A theoretical geometric parameter, the "minimum cylindrical diameter" (MCDiam), in microns, the thinnest cylindrical channel through which each individual cell could pass, predicts the linear boundary of the plot of area vs. volume. The MCDiam value of 3.66 µ ± 0.04 SEM accurately represents the thinnest channel through which 95% of the cells can pass. In two splenectomized patients with hereditary spherocytosis the MCDiam was increased to approximately 4.0 µ, suggesting that the severest restriction is located in the spleen.
275 citations
TL;DR: This paper used S s to scale 96 nouns on 30 variables, including scores on free recall and paired-associate learning, and various semantic and associative attributes thought to be relevant in verbal-learning situations.
166 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the results of simple shear test data with those of more approximate triaxial test procedures and concluded that the liquefaction characteristics observed in the two types of tests are qualitatively similar.
Abstract: Test data to compare the resulting behavior with that observed under cyclic loading triaxial test conditions are presented. It is concluded that the liquefaction characteristics observed in the two types of tests are qualitatively similar. However, under cyclic simple shear conditions, which provide a close simulation of the stresses induced under field conditions, the cyclic shear stresses required to cause liquefaction were only about 35% of those determined by more approximate triaxial test procedures. It is suggested, however, that limitations of the simple shear test procedure induce liquefaction at stress levels perhaps 40% to 50% lower than those corresponding to actual field conditions, and that a correction factor of this order of magnitude should be applied to laboratory simple shear test data intended for use in the analyses of field problems. The test program also showed that frequency effects, within the range from 1/6 cps to 4 cps, are small.
135 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the neural mechanisms underlying the perception of speech and non-speech sounds are not differentiated along the dimension of conceptual content.
Abstract: When sounds such as those produced by reverse playback of recorded speech are presented to left and right ears of normal subjects, the sounds arriving at the right ear are more accurately identified than those arriving at the left. These findings are comparable to the right-ear superiority demonstrated with normal speech sounds, and contrast with the left-ear superiority for musical and other non-speech sounds. It is suggested that the neural mechanisms underlying the perception of speech and non-speech sounds are not differentiated along the dimension of conceptual content.
115 citations
114 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Davies proposed a "rise and drop" hypothesis to explain the origin of revolutiolls and placed this in the more general context of analyzing conditions which produce both social movements and revolutions.
Abstract: James C. Davies proposed a "rise and drop" hypothesis to explain the origin of revolutiolls. The present paper attempts to place this in the more general context of analyzing conditions which produce both social movements and revolutions. Three additional temporal hypotheses ("rising expectations," "relative deprivation," and "downward mobility") and one nontemporal hypothesis ("status inconsistency") are suggested. These five hypotheses are subsumed under the Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. This provides a general social psychological theory of motivation which could account for individual predispositions toward participation in social movements and revolutions. Predictions are made regardinig the direction and initensity of such
108 citations
TL;DR: The nucleation, early growth, and structure of NiP on activated dielectric substrates were studied in this article, where the treatment was found to provide small catalytic sites on the substrate, serving as the nuclei for NiP growth.
Abstract: The nucleation, early growth, and structure of Ni‐P on activated dielectric substrates were studied. The treatment was found to provide small catalytic sites on the substrate, serving as the nuclei for Ni‐P growth. The average diameter of catalytic sites was estimated to be less than 10Aa. The microscopic time rate of Ni‐P growth on the nuclei was found to be constant and the growth to be isotropic. The resulting Ni‐P deposit in the early stages of growth consists of circular islands. The surface density σ of islands were affected by activation. In later stages of growth, the circular Ni‐P islands merged to form a continuous film. The critical film thickness at which continuity is attained is shown to be a function of σ. The structure of as‐deposited islands, as well as that of fresh continuous film, was determined by electron diffraction to be liquidlike.
100 citations
TL;DR: The uterus, tubes, and vagina are hypoplastic and the ovaries are replaced by streaks of connective tissue, and the most constant internal defects in patients with the XO chromosome anomaly affect the genital tract.
Abstract: Individuals with a single X chromosome are phenotypic females. They may present in infancy with shortness of stature or after adolescence with additional signs and symptoms, including lack of breast development, primary amenorrhea, and infertility. Associated anomalies are common, especially involving the skeletal, urinary, and cardiovascular systems. If these anomalies follow a certain pattern, the condition is frequently called Ullrich-Turner's syndrome, after the authors who stressed the striking symptoms and signs. The most constant internal defects in patients with the XO chromosome anomaly affect the genital tract. The uterus, tubes, and vagina are hypoplastic and the ovaries are replaced by streaks of connective tissue. On histologic examination, these streaks often show a stromal arrangement similar to that seen in the normal ovary, but germ cells are rarely found. Pregnancy has been reported in only one XO female. We have had the opportunity to make a cytogenetic and autopsy study of an infant with a verified chromosome complement of 45, XO. There are few reports of neonates with this chromosome anomaly from whom the ovaries were available for study.
98 citations
TL;DR: Three tests of motor skills for children from 5 to 14 were administered to 184 normal elementary school pupils and 40 children with school problems.
Abstract: Three tests of motor skills for children from 5 to 14 were administered to 184 normal elementary school pupils and 40 children with school problems. The tests were: the maze test of kinetic tremor, the graduated holes test of static tremor and the pegboard test. Means and standard deviations for each CA group and intertest correlations are presented. Reliability estimates for a second group of Ss are also given.
TL;DR: It is indicated that pictures significantly facilitated learning as stimulus terms (this effect being greatest in first-grade and least for kindergarten children) but hindered learning as response terms, which is consistent with results previously obtained with adults.
TL;DR: The polypeptides modified by cystine exchange were preferentially localized in the structural layers and could be solubilized by treatment with sodium lauryl sulfate (resulting in disruption of the coat structure).
TL;DR: In this paper, a positron and electron interactions with atomic systems are discussed. But the authors point out that the absence of symmetries can make calculations more difficult, and positron interactions are not symmetric.
Abstract: Publisher Summary There are significant physical differences between positron and electron interactions with atomic systems Effects of the identity of the projectile with components of the target, exchange effects, do not arise in positron problems Although this would apparently lead to simplification, in fact the concomitant absence of symmetries can make calculations more difficult If its kinetic energy is high enough, a positron may pick up an electron from the target, forming the very light and large positronium atom; or it may, as do electrons, excite or ionize the target At sufficiently low energies, a positron will scatter only elastically Time to pulse-height converters, whose outputs are fed to multichannel pulse-height analyzers, are used in such work
TL;DR: A method for the separation of leukocyte from peripheral blood, using flotation over Ficoll, is described, and the leukocytes isolated show good preservation of their morphologic integrity, are motile and capable of phagocytosis.
TL;DR: In this article, a crystallographic explanation for the geometry of kink bands in crystals is proposed and three possible types of kinking are discussed, 1. simple kinking, 2. kinking associated with a phase change and 3. kink associated with twin formation.
Abstract: A crystallographic explanation for the geometry of kink bands in crystals is proposed and three possible types of kinking are discussed, 1. simple kinking, 2. kinking associated with a phase change and 3. kinking associated with twin formation. The angular relationships at kink band boundaries have been calculated for a number of minerals and the results compared with observations in the literature. It is proposed that the crystallography of a mineral may be the dominant control of kink band geometry rather than external stress conditions as is generally assumed, this is probably particularly true of kink bands formed under natural conditons.
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that fluctuations in the drag force can be related to the turbulent velocity fluctuations with the use of a simple momentum model, which is used to measure lift and drag force fluctuations on elementary building shapes in turbulent flow.
Abstract: Measurements of lift and drag force fluctuations on elementary building shapes in turbulent flow are reported. It is shown that fluctuations in the drag force can be related to the turbulent velocity fluctuations with the use of a simple momentum model. Tests were conducted in a uniform stream, with a relative intensity of turbulence of approximately 10% and a scale of turbulence of the same order as the major dimensions of the models used. The investigation of load fluctuations in turbulent flow was carried out as part of a study directed towards the assessment of wind loads and wind effects on tall buildings.
TL;DR: The application of information analysis to phytosociology is rapidly gaining momentum, particularly in the field of diversity studies and, to a lesser extent, in descriptive, hierarchical, classifications.
TL;DR: The results of experiments in which the 5S F(ab′)2 antibody digested by pepsin and remaining undigested 7S antibody were separated on sucrose gradients and their activities in suppressing the primary antibody response tested separately are reported.
Abstract: SPECIFIC antibody, passively transferred, has the capacity to inhibit the production of the specific immune response (reviewed in ref. 1), and may even terminate a response2. There have been several reports dealing with the ability of F(ab′)2 antibody (the antibody fragment which has the two antigen-binding sites but lacks the Fc fragment) to suppress the primary immune response (refs. 3–5, and F. J. Dixon, quoted in ref. 1). The specificity of this type of immunosuppression is best explained in terms of antigen–antibody binding so that the antigenic site is masked, and so it was not surprising that F(ab′)2 was found to induce antibody-mediated suppression of the immune response. In an initial attempt at preparing F(ab′)2 antibody, however, we found that all the suppressive activity in the F(ab′)2 preparation could be explained on the basis of contaminating whole 7S antibody. We report here the results of experiments in which the 5S F(ab′)2 antibody digested by pepsin and remaining undigested 7S antibody were separated on sucrose gradients and their activities in suppressing the primary antibody response tested separately.
TL;DR: In this article, the sensitivity of effective rate to supply and substitution elasticity assumptions was investigated under both non-nontraded input supply elasticities and substitution substitution elasticities.
Abstract: Introduction, 588. — I. Nontraded input supply elasticities, 590. — II. Foreign supply elasticities, 592. — III. Substitution elasticities, 593. — IV. Sensitivity of effective rate to supply and substitution elasticity assumptions, 595.
TL;DR: In this article, a total of 20 Ss attempted to generate images to concrete and abstract stimulus words while pupillary activity was continuously photographed and found that significantly greater dilation occurred to abstract than concrete stimulus words in the key press condition.
Abstract: A total of20 Ss attempted to generate images to concrete and abstract stimulus words while pupillary activity was continuously photographed. One group (N =5) was required to press a key when an image occurred, a second to describe the image, and a third to press a key as well as describe the image. No overt indicator was required of a fourth group. Results showed that greater dilation occurred during the imagery task than during a control period only in those conditions in which an overt response indicated task fulfillment. Consistent with earlier findings significantly greater dilation occurred to abstract than concrete stimulus words in the key press condition.
TL;DR: The synthesis and stereochemistry of several classes of organoindium derivatives are described in this article, where four-coordination about indium, in a distorted tetrahedral stereochemistry, is most common, and occurs in a series of 1:1 complexes of Lewis bases with dimethylindium halides and in two organo-indium anions.
TL;DR: Three cases of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, a rare amyloid-producing tumor, have been reported, one of which occurred in a 47-year-old woman 31 years after the initial operation for its removal, thus illustrating that the lesion may grow very slowly.
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: The first attempt to synthesize fluorinated heterocycles containing germanium was described in this article, where 1,1-Dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-1-germacyclopentadiene has been prepared, but did not undergo simple Diels-Alder addition to various acetylenes to give isolable germanorbornadienes.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined collective behavior literature to identify indicators of status inconsistents and found that status inconsistent individuals are prone to participate in social movements, and that status inconsistency is correlated with a significant variation in propensity between types of inconsistents.
Abstract: It has been hypothesized that status inconsistents are prone to participate in social movements. Collective behavior literature is examined in order to isolate indicators of this disposition. Status inconsistents are found to exhibit these symptoms. An examination of particular status consistency profiles reveals a significant variation in propensity between types of inconsistents. It is suggested that future analysis in this area should focus primarily upon consistency profiles rather than status consistency per se.