Showing papers by "University of Western Ontario published in 2018"
Gregory A. Roth1, Gregory A. Roth2, Degu Abate3, Kalkidan Hassen Abate4 +1025 more•Institutions (333)
TL;DR: Non-communicable diseases comprised the greatest fraction of deaths, contributing to 73·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 72·5–74·1) of total deaths in 2017, while communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional causes accounted for 18·6% (17·9–19·6), and injuries 8·0% (7·7–8·2).
5,211 citations
Jeffrey D. Stanaway1, Ashkan Afshin1, Emmanuela Gakidou1, Stephen S Lim1 +1050 more•Institutions (346)
TL;DR: This study estimated levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017 and explored the relationship between development and risk exposure.
2,910 citations
Tufts Medical Center1, Northeastern University2, McGill University3, Johns Hopkins University4, Utrecht University5, Vanderbilt University Medical Center6, Brigham and Women's Hospital7, New York University8, McMaster University9, Ohio State University10, Radboud University Nijmegen11, University of Western Ontario12, London Health Sciences Centre13, University of Montpellier14, RMIT University15, University of Poitiers16, Maine Medical Center17, University of Washington18, University of Chicago19, Intermountain Healthcare20, Deakin University21, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine22, Yale University23, University of Grenoble24, University of California, San Francisco25, Monash University26, Case Western Reserve University27, New York Medical College28, University of Toronto29, Stanford University30
TL;DR: Substantial agreement was found among a large, interdisciplinary cohort of international experts regarding evidence supporting recommendations, and the remaining literature gaps in the assessment, prevention, and treatment of Pain, Agitation/sedation, Delirium, Immobility (mobilization/rehabilitation), and Sleep (disruption) in critically ill adults.
Abstract: Objective:To update and expand the 2013 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Pain, Agitation, and Delirium in Adult Patients in the ICU.Design:Thirty-two international experts, four methodologists, and four critical illness survivors met virtually at least monthly. All section groups g
1,935 citations
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation1, University of Louisville2, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences3, Karolinska Institutet4, Centre for Mental Health5, University of Queensland6, Tehran University of Medical Sciences7, University of KwaZulu-Natal8, South African Medical Research Council9, University of Colorado Boulder10, University of California, Irvine11, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center12, Montefiore Medical Center13, Northeastern University14, University of Alabama at Birmingham15, Brown University16, San Diego State University17, University of Melbourne18, Albert Einstein College of Medicine19, Cambridge Health Alliance20, Johns Hopkins University21, University of Pittsburgh22, University of Cape Town23, Case Western Reserve University24, Marshall University25, University of London26, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign27, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre28, Harvard University29, University of California, San Diego30, Yale University31, Veterans Health Administration32, Georgetown University33, Jackson State University34, University of Massachusetts Boston35, State University of New York System36, Simmons College37, University of California, Los Angeles38, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science39, University of Oxford40, Norwegian Institute of Public Health41, Curtin University42, Pacific Institute43, Heidelberg University44, Jimma University45, Northwestern University46, Washington University in St. Louis47, Howard University48, University of New Mexico49, University at Buffalo50, University of Washington51, University of South Florida52, Tufts University53, University of Rochester Medical Center54, Kosin University55, Central South University56, Michigan State University57, Ball State University58, Nova Southeastern University59, Dalhousie University60, Mayo Clinic61, University of British Columbia62, Ohio State University63, Baylor University64, Wrocław Medical University65, Jagiellonian University Medical College66, Dartmouth College67, University of Western Ontario68, Oregon Health & Science University69, Virginia Commonwealth University70, Columbia University71, University of Canberra72, Aga Khan University73
TL;DR: There are wide differences in the burden of disease at the state level and specific diseases and risk factors, such as drug use disorders, high BMI, poor diet, high fasting plasma glucose level, and alcohol use disorders are increasing and warrant increased attention.
Abstract: Introduction Several studies have measured health outcomes in the United States, but none have provided a comprehensive assessment of patterns of health by state. Objective To use the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) to report trends in the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors at the state level from 1990 to 2016. Design and Setting A systematic analysis of published studies and available data sources estimates the burden of disease by age, sex, geography, and year. Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalence, incidence, mortality, life expectancy, healthy life expectancy (HALE), years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 causes and 84 risk factors with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were computed. Results Between 1990 and 2016, overall death rates in the United States declined from 745.2 (95% UI, 740.6 to 749.8) per 100 000 persons to 578.0 (95% UI, 569.4 to 587.1) per 100 000 persons. The probability of death among adults aged 20 to 55 years declined in 31 states and Washington, DC from 1990 to 2016. In 2016, Hawaii had the highest life expectancy at birth (81.3 years) and Mississippi had the lowest (74.7 years), a 6.6-year difference. Minnesota had the highest HALE at birth (70.3 years), and West Virginia had the lowest (63.8 years), a 6.5-year difference. The leading causes of DALYs in the United States for 1990 and 2016 were ischemic heart disease and lung cancer, while the third leading cause in 1990 was low back pain, and the third leading cause in 2016 was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Opioid use disorders moved from the 11th leading cause of DALYs in 1990 to the 7th leading cause in 2016, representing a 74.5% (95% UI, 42.8% to 93.9%) change. In 2016, each of the following 6 risks individually accounted for more than 5% of risk-attributable DALYs: tobacco consumption, high body mass index (BMI), poor diet, alcohol and drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high blood pressure. Across all US states, the top risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs were due to 1 of the 3 following causes: tobacco consumption (32 states), high BMI (10 states), or alcohol and drug use (8 states). Conclusions and Relevance There are wide differences in the burden of disease at the state level. Specific diseases and risk factors, such as drug use disorders, high BMI, poor diet, high fasting plasma glucose level, and alcohol use disorders are increasing and warrant increased attention. These data can be used to inform national health priorities for research, clinical care, and policy.
962 citations
University of British Columbia1, University of Toronto2, University of Michigan3, University of Minnesota4, McMaster University5, University of Western Ontario6, McGill University7, Dalhousie University8, University of Calgary9, Queen's University10, Kyushu University11, University of São Paulo12, Stanford University13, Case Western Reserve University14, University of Barcelona15, University of Sydney16, George Washington University17, Deakin University18
TL;DR: These 2018 CANMAT and ISBD Bipolar Treatment Guidelines represent the significant advances in the field since the last full edition was published in 2005, including updates to diagnosis and management as well as new research into pharmacological and psychological treatments.
Abstract: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) previously published treatment guidelines for bipolar disorder in 2005, along with international commentaries and subsequent updates in 2007, 2009, and 2013. The last two updates were published in collaboration with the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD). These 2018 CANMAT and ISBD Bipolar Treatment Guidelines represent the significant advances in the field since the last full edition was published in 2005, including updates to diagnosis and management as well as new research into pharmacological and psychological treatments. These advances have been translated into clear and easy to use recommendations for first, second, and third- line treatments, with consideration given to levels of evidence for efficacy, clinical support based on experience, and consensus ratings of safety, tolerability, and treatment-emergent switch risk. New to these guidelines, hierarchical rankings were created for first and second- line treatments recommended for acute mania, acute depression, and maintenance treatment in bipolar I disorder. Created by considering the impact of each treatment across all phases of illness, this hierarchy will further assist clinicians in making evidence-based treatment decisions. Lithium, quetiapine, divalproex, asenapine, aripiprazole, paliperidone, risperidone, and cariprazine alone or in combination are recommended as first-line treatments for acute mania. First-line options for bipolar I depression include quetiapine, lurasidone plus lithium or divalproex, lithium, lamotrigine, lurasidone, or adjunctive lamotrigine. While medications that have been shown to be effective for the acute phase should generally be continued for the maintenance phase in bipolar I disorder, there are some exceptions (such as with antidepressants); and available data suggest that lithium, quetiapine, divalproex, lamotrigine, asenapine, and aripiprazole monotherapy or combination treatments should be considered first-line for those initiating or switching treatment during the maintenance phase. In addition to addressing issues in bipolar I disorder, these guidelines also provide an overview of, and recommendations for, clinical management of bipolar II disorder, as well as advice on specific populations, such as women at various stages of the reproductive cycle, children and adolescents, and older adults. There are also discussions on the impact of specific psychiatric and medical comorbidities such as substance use, anxiety, and metabolic disorders. Finally, an overview of issues related to safety and monitoring is provided. The CANMAT and ISBD groups hope that these guidelines become a valuable tool for practitioners across the globe.
950 citations
Catholic University of the Sacred Heart1, Harvard University2, Columbia University3, Stanford University4, University of Western Ontario5, Washington University in St. Louis6, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center7, University of Freiburg8, Children's Memorial Hospital9, University of California, Los Angeles10, University of Gothenburg11, Biogen Idec12, Nemours Foundation13
TL;DR: Among children with later‐onset SMA, those who received nusinersen had significant and clinically meaningful improvement in motor function as compared with those in the control group.
Abstract: Background Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide drug that modulates pre–messenger RNA splicing of the survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) gene. It has been developed for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Methods We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, sham-controlled, phase 3 trial of nusinersen in 126 children with SMA who had symptom onset after 6 months of age. The children were randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, to undergo intrathecal administration of nusinersen at a dose of 12 mg (nusinersen group) or a sham procedure (control group) on days 1, 29, 85, and 274. The primary end point was the least-squares mean change from baseline in the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale–Expanded (HFMSE) score at 15 months of treatment; HFMSE scores range from 0 to 66, with higher scores indicating better motor function. Secondary end points included the percentage of children with a clinically meaningful increase from baseline in the HFMSE score (≥3 points), an outcome that indicates impro...
846 citations
Columbia University1, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse2, University of Melbourne3, University of Western Ontario4, Karolinska Institutet5, University of Milan6, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico7, Eli Lilly and Company8, Indiana University9, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals10
TL;DR: Solanezumab at a dose of 400 mg administered every 4 weeks in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease did not significantly affect cognitive decline and the secondary outcomes were considered to be descriptive and are reported without significance testing.
Abstract: Background Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The humanized monoclonal antibody solanezumab was designed to increase the clearance from the brain of soluble Aβ, peptides that may lead to toxic effects in the synapses and precede the deposition of fibrillary amyloid. Methods We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial involving patients with mild dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease, defined as a Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 20 to 26 (on a scale from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating better cognition) and with amyloid deposition shown by means of florbetapir positron-emission tomography or Aβ1-42 measurements in cerebrospinal fluid. Patients were randomly assigned to receive solanezumab at a dose of 400 mg or placebo intravenously every 4 weeks for 76 weeks. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to week 80 in the score on the 14-item cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessmen...
679 citations
TL;DR: Simulations show that the ability to tune the average oxidation state of copper enables control over CO adsorption and dimerization, and makes it possible to implement a preference for the electrosynthesis of C2 products.
Abstract: The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products has attracted much attention because it provides an avenue to the synthesis of value-added carbon-based fuels and feedstocks using renewable electricity Unfortunately, the efficiency of CO2 conversion to C2 products remains below that necessary for its implementation at scale Modifying the local electronic structure of copper with positive valence sites has been predicted to boost conversion to C2 products Here, we use boron to tune the ratio of Cuδ+ to Cu0 active sites and improve both stability and C2-product generation Simulations show that the ability to tune the average oxidation state of copper enables control over CO adsorption and dimerization, and makes it possible to implement a preference for the electrosynthesis of C2 products We report experimentally a C2 Faradaic efficiency of 79 ± 2% on boron-doped copper catalysts and further show that boron doping leads to catalysts that are stable for in excess of ~40 hours while electrochemically reducing CO2 to multi-carbon hydrocarbons
632 citations
TL;DR: This paper identifies and provides a detailed description of various potential emerging technologies for the fifth generation communications with SWIPT/WPT and provides some interesting research challenges and recommendations with the objective of stimulating future research in this emerging domain.
Abstract: Initial efforts on wireless power transfer (WPT) have concentrated toward long-distance transmission and high power applications. Nonetheless, the lower achievable transmission efficiency and potential health concerns arising due to high power applications, have caused limitations in their further developments. Due to tremendous energy consumption growth with ever-increasing connected devices, alternative wireless information and power transfer techniques have been important not only for theoretical research but also for the operational costs saving and for the sustainable growth of wireless communications. In this regard, radio frequency energy harvesting (RF-EH) for a wireless communications system presents a new paradigm that allows wireless nodes to recharge their batteries from the RF signals instead of fixed power grids and the traditional energy sources. In this approach, the RF energy is harvested from ambient electromagnetic sources or from the sources that directionally transmit RF energy for EH purposes. Notable research activities and major advances have occurred over the last decade in this direction. Thus, this paper provides a comprehensive survey of the state-of-art techniques, based on advances and open issues presented by simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and WPT assisted technologies. More specifically, in contrast to the existing works, this paper identifies and provides a detailed description of various potential emerging technologies for the fifth generation communications with SWIPT/WPT. Moreover, we provide some interesting research challenges and recommendations with the objective of stimulating future research in this emerging domain.
621 citations
TL;DR: LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn 0.2O2 (NCM) is a highly potential cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but its poor rate capability and cycling performance at high cutoff voltages have seriously hindered further commercialization.
496 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a solid electrolyte is injected into the grain boundaries of the secondary particles of the Ni-rich layered lithium transition metal oxides to prevent penetration of liquid electrolyte into the boundaries, and eliminate the detrimental factors, which include cathode-liquid electrolyte interfacial reactions, intergranular cracking and layered-to-spinel phase transformation.
Abstract: A critical challenge for the commercialization of layer-structured nickel-rich lithium transition metal oxide cathodes for battery applications is their capacity and voltage fading, which originate from the disintegration and lattice phase transition of the cathode particles. The general approach of cathode particle surface modification could partially alleviate the degradation associated with surface processes, but it still fails to resolve this critical barrier. Here, we report that infusing the grain boundaries of cathode secondary particles with a solid electrolyte dramatically enhances the capacity retention and voltage stability of the cathode. We find that the solid electrolyte infused in the boundaries not only acts as a fast channel for lithium-ion transport, it also, more importantly, prevents penetration of the liquid electrolyte into the boundaries, and consequently eliminates the detrimental factors, which include cathode–liquid electrolyte interfacial reactions, intergranular cracking and layered-to-spinel phase transformation. This grain-boundary engineering approach provides design ideas for advanced cathodes for batteries. The development of Ni-rich layered lithium transition metal oxides is plagued by their voltage and capacity fading on battery cycling. Here, the authors demonstrate an effective approach to treat these problems by infusing a solid electrolyte into the grain boundaries of the secondary particles of these layered materials.
University of Calgary1, McGill University Health Centre2, Cardiovascular Institute of the South3, University of British Columbia4, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières5, Université de Montréal6, Laval University7, McMaster University8, Alberta Health Services9, University of Alberta10, McGill University11, University of Toronto12, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada13, Population Health Research Institute14, Montreal General Hospital15, University of Western Ontario16, Montreal Heart Institute17, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority18, Université du Québec à Montréal19, Northern Ontario School of Medicine20, St. Michael's Hospital21, University of Manitoba22, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health23, University of Ottawa24, University Health Network25, Concordia University Wisconsin26, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute27, University of Ontario Institute of Technology28, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont29, University of Saskatchewan30, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine31, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario32, St Thomas' Hospital33, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto34, Université de Sherbrooke35, Brown University36, Concordia Hospital37, University of Pennsylvania38
TL;DR: All individuals with hypertension should have an assessment of global cardiovascular risk to promote health behaviours that lower blood pressure, and an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor combination should be used in place of either an ang Elliotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotENSin receptor blocker in individuals with heart failure.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the influence of employing different proxies (total assets, total sales, and market capitalization) of firm size in 20 prominent areas in empirical corporate finance research.
Abstract: In empirical corporate finance, firm size is commonly used as an important, fundamental firm characteristic. However, no research comprehensively assesses the sensitivity of empirical results in corporate finance to different measures of firm size. This paper fills this hole by providing empirical evidence for a “measurement effect” in the “size effect”. In particular, we examine the influences of employing different proxies (total assets, total sales, and market capitalization) of firm size in 20 prominent areas in empirical corporate finance research. We highlight several empirical implications. First, in most areas of corporate finance the coefficients of firm size measures are robust in sign and statistical significance. Second, the coefficients on regressors other than firm size often change sign and significance when different size measures are used. Unfortunately, this suggests that some previous studies are not robust to different firm size proxies. Third, the goodness of fit measured by R-squared also varies with different size measures, suggesting that some measures are more relevant than others in different situations. Fourth, different proxies capture different aspects of “firm size”, and thus have different implications. Therefore, the choice of size measures needs both theoretical and empirical justification. Finally, our empirical assessment provides guidance to empirical corporate finance researchers who must use firm size measures in their work.
TL;DR: The current state of research on the relationship between education and health in the United States is reviewed and the conceptualization of education beyond attainment is extended and the centrality of the schooling process to health is demonstrated.
Abstract: Adults with higher educational attainment live healthier and longer lives compared with their less educated peers. The disparities are large and widening. We posit that understanding the educational and macrolevel contexts in which this association occurs is key to reducing health disparities and improving population health. In this article, we briefly review and critically assess the current state of research on the relationship between education and health in the United States. We then outline three directions for further research: We extend the conceptualization of education beyond attainment and demonstrate the centrality of the schooling process to health; we highlight the dual role of education as a driver of opportunity but also as a reproducer of inequality; and we explain the central role of specific historical sociopolitical contexts in which the education-health association is embedded. Findings from this research agenda can inform policies and effective interventions to reduce health disparities and improve health for all Americans.
TL;DR: This review highlights the methods of synthesis and presents the most recent reports in the literature regarding advances in drug delivery using IONPs-based systems, as well as their antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms.
Abstract: Medical applications and biotechnological advances, including magnetic resonance imaging, cell separation and detection, tissue repair, magnetic hyperthermia and drug delivery, have strongly benefited from employing iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) due to their remarkable properties, such as superparamagnetism, size and possibility of receiving a biocompatible coating. Ongoing research efforts focus on reducing drug concentration, toxicity, and other side effects, while increasing efficacy of IONPs-based treatments. This review highlights the methods of synthesis and presents the most recent reports in the literature regarding advances in drug delivery using IONPs-based systems, as well as their antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms. Furthermore, the toxicity of IONPs alone and constituting nanosystems is also addressed.
TL;DR: This review focuses on how evidence from real-world studies can be utilized to complement data from RCTs to gain a more complete picture of the advantages and disadvantages of medications as they are used in practice.
Abstract: Real-world studies have become increasingly important in providing evidence of treatment effectiveness in clinical practice. While randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are the "gold standard" for evaluating the safety and efficacy of new therapeutic agents, necessarily strict inclusion and exclusion criteria mean that trial populations are often not representative of the patient populations encountered in clinical practice. Real-world studies may use information from electronic health and claims databases, which provide large datasets from diverse patient populations, and/or may be observational, collecting prospective or retrospective data over a long period of time. They can therefore provide information on the long-term safety, particularly pertaining to rare events, and effectiveness of drugs in large heterogeneous populations, as well as information on utilization patterns and health and economic outcomes. This review focuses on how evidence from real-world studies can be utilized to complement data from RCTs to gain a more complete picture of the advantages and disadvantages of medications as they are used in practice.Funding: Sanofi US, Inc.
University of Western Ontario1, University of Alberta2, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières3, Queen's University4, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario5, University of Ottawa6, Technical University of Madrid7, University of Saskatchewan8, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre9, University of Toronto10, Camosun College11
TL;DR: These guidelines provided guidance for pregnant women and obstetric care and exercise professionals on prenatal physical activity and the majority of stakeholders and end users indicated that following these recommendations would be feasible, acceptable and equitable.
Abstract: The objective is to provide guidance for pregnant women and obstetric care and exercise professionals on prenatal physical activity. The outcomes evaluated were maternal, fetal or neonatal morbidity, or fetal mortality during and following pregnancy. Literature was retrieved through searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, Education Resources Information Center, SPORTDiscus, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Trip Database from inception up to 6 January 2017. Primary studies of any design were eligible, except case studies. Results were limited to English-language, Spanish-language or French-language materials. Articles related to maternal physical activity during pregnancy reporting on maternal, fetal or neonatal morbidity, or fetal mortality were eligible for inclusion. The quality of evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. The Guidelines Consensus Panel solicited feedback from end users (obstetric care providers, exercise professionals, researchers, policy organisations, and pregnant and postpartum women). The development of these guidelines followed the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument. The benefits of prenatal physical activity are moderate and no harms were identified; therefore, the difference between desirable and undesirable consequences (net benefit) is expected to be moderate. The majority of stakeholders and end users indicated that following these recommendations would be feasible, acceptable and equitable. Following these recommendations is likely to require minimal resources from both individual and health systems perspectives.
TL;DR: Pregnancy in women with heart disease continues to be associated with significant morbidity, although mortality is rare, and prediction of maternal cardiac complications in womenWith heart disease is enhanced by integration of general, lesion-specific, and delivery of care variables.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review article focuses on the recent developments of Na metal anodes, including insight into the fundamental understanding of its electrochemical processes, novel characterization methods, approaches for protecting the anode and future perspectives.
Abstract: Rechargeable Na-based battery systems, including Na-ion batteries, room temperature Na–S, Na–O2, Na–CO2, and all-solid-state Na metal batteries, have attracted significant attention due to the high energy density, abundance, low cost, and suitable redox potential of Na metal However, the Na metal anode faces several challenges, including: (1) the formation of Na dendrites and short circuiting; (2) low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and poor cycling performance; and (3) an infinite volume change due to its hostless nature Furthermore, the issues associated with Na metal anodes have also been noticed in practical Na metal batteries (NMBs) In recent years, the importance of the Na metal anode has been highlighted and many studies have provided potential solutions to address the issues of its use This review article focuses on the recent developments of Na metal anodes, including insight into the fundamental understanding of its electrochemical processes, novel characterization methods, approaches for protecting the anode and future perspectives Our review will accelerate further improvement in the characterization and application of Na metal anodes for next-generation NMB systems
TL;DR: A global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends and a estimates of health-related SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous.
TL;DR: Evaluating tumors based on both their immune phenotype and genomic mutation profile to determine which patients have a higher likelihood of responding to treatment with ICIs is needed.
Abstract: Tumors responding to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have a higher level of immune infiltrates and/or an Interferon (IFN) signature indicative of a T-cell-inflamed phenotype. Melanoma and lung cancer demonstrate high response rates to ICIs and are commonly referred to as “hot tumors”. These are in sharp contrast to tumors with low immune infiltrates called “cold tumors” or non-T-cell-inflamed cancers, such as those from the prostate and pancreas. Classification of tumors based on their immune phenotype can partially explain clinical response to ICIs. However, this model alone cannot fully explain the lack of response among many patients treated with ICIs. Dichotomizing tumors based on their mutation profile into high tumor mutation burden (TMB) or low TMB, such as many childhood malignancies, can also, to some extent, explain the clinical response to immunotherapy. This model mainly focuses on a tumor’s genotype rather than its immune phenotype. High TMB tumors often have higher levels of neoantigens that can be recognized by the immune system. In the current era of immunotherapy, with the lack of definitive biomarkers, we need to evaluate tumors based on both their immune phenotype and genomic mutation profile to determine which patients have a higher likelihood of responding to treatment with ICIs.
University of California, San Diego1, Oregon Health & Science University2, Tulane Medical Center3, Columbia University4, University of Western Ontario5, University of Washington6, University of Kansas7, University of Pennsylvania8, National Institutes of Health9, University of São Paulo10, McGill University11
TL;DR: Concerted efforts to understand Lp (a) pathophysiology, together with diagnostic and therapeutic advances, are required to reduce Lp(a)-mediated risk of CVD and CAVD.
Boston University1, Emory University2, University of Southern California3, Veterans Health Administration4, University of Western Ontario5, University of Cape Town6, University of Amsterdam7, Harvard University8, University of Washington9, VU University Medical Center10, Yale University11, City University of New York12, John Jay College of Criminal Justice13, VA Boston Healthcare System14, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill15, University of Toledo16, University of New South Wales17, Utrecht University18, University of Michigan19, University of Sydney20, Duke University21
TL;DR: This large-scale neuroimaging consortium study on PTSD conducted by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) PTSD Working Group represents an important milestone in an ongoing collaborative effort to examine the neurobiological underpinnings of PTSD and the brain's response to trauma.
Christopher J L Murray1, Charlton S K H Callender1, Xie Rachel Kulikoff1, Vinay Srinivasan1 +1092 more•Institutions (424)
TL;DR: This work estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods and used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data.
University of Toronto1, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto2, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre3, University of New South Wales4, University of Manitoba5, University of Western Ontario6, Dalhousie University7, Alberta Children's Hospital8, University of Calgary9, Boston Children's Hospital10, University of Sydney11
TL;DR: FICare improved infant weight gain, decreased parent stress and anxiety, and increased high-frequency exclusive breastmilk feeding at discharge, which together suggest that FICare is an important advancement in neonatal care.
TL;DR: In conclusion, exercise-only interventions were effective at lowering the odds of developing GDM, GH and PE.
Abstract: Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertension (GH) and pre-eclampsia (PE) are associated with short and long-term health issues for mother and child; prevention of these complications is critically important. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationships between prenatal exercise and GDM, GH and PE. Design Systematic review with random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. Data sources Online databases were searched up to 6 January 2017. Study eligibility criteria Studies of all designs were included (except case studies) if published in English, Spanish or French, and contained information on the Population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), Intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone [“exercise-only”] or in combination with other intervention components [e.g., dietary; “exercise + co-intervention”]), Comparator (no exercise or different frequency, intensity, duration, volume and type of exercise) and Outcomes (GDM, GH, PE). Results A total of 106 studies (n=273 182) were included. ‘Moderate’ to ‘high’-quality evidence from randomised controlled trials revealed that exercise-only interventions, but not exercise+cointerventions, reduced odds of GDM (n=6934; OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.75), GH (n=5316; OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.85) and PE (n=3322; OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.9) compared with no exercise. To achieve at least a 25% reduction in the odds of developing GDM, PE and GH, pregnant women need to accumulate at least 600 MET-min/week of moderate-intensity exercise (eg, 140 min of brisk walking, water aerobics, stationary cycling or resistance training). Summary/conclusions In conclusion, exercise-only interventions were effective at lowering the odds of developing GDM, GH and PE.
TL;DR: The findings provide support for managers' use of transformational leadership behaviors as a useful strategy in creating workplace conditions that promote better safety outcomes for patients and nurses.
Max Planck Society1, University of Oxford2, University College London3, University of Cambridge4, University of Western Ontario5, Natural History Museum6, University of Liverpool7, Pusan National University8, Harvard University9, University of Bergen10, Centre national de la recherche scientifique11, King's College London12, George Washington University13, University of Exeter14, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute15, University of California, Davis16, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory17, Emory University18, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência19, University of Toulouse20
TL;DR: It is argued that the chronology and physical diversity of Pleistocene human fossils and the African archaeological record support an emerging view of a highly structured African prehistory that should be considered in human evolutionary inferences, prompting new interpretations, questions, and interdisciplinary research directions.
Abstract: We challenge the view that our species, Homo sapiens, evolved within a single population and/or region of Africa. The chronology and physical diversity of Pleistocene human fossils suggest that morphologically varied populations pertaining to the H. sapiens clade lived throughout Africa. Similarly, the African archaeological record demonstrates the polycentric origin and persistence of regionally distinct Pleistocene material culture in a variety of paleoecological settings. Genetic studies also indicate that present-day population structure within Africa extends to deep times, paralleling a paleoenvironmental record of shifting and fractured habitable zones. We argue that these fields support an emerging view of a highly structured African prehistory that should be considered in human evolutionary inferences, prompting new interpretations, questions, and interdisciplinary research directions.
29 Nov 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic analysis of various parameters (sulfur loading, electrolyte/Sulfur (E/S) ratio, discharge capacity, discharge voltage, Li excess percentage, sulfur content, etc.) that influence the gravimetric energy density, volumetric energydensity and cost is investigated.
Abstract: Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices that have the potential to deliver energy densities that supersede that of state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries. Due to their high theoretical energy density and cost-effectiveness, Li–S batteries have received great attention and have made great progress in the last few years. However, the insurmountable gap between fundamental research and practical application is still a major stumbling block that has hindered the commercialization of Li–S batteries. This review provides insight from an engineering point of view to discuss the reasonable structural design and parameters for the application of Li–S batteries. Firstly, a systematic analysis of various parameters (sulfur loading, electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio, discharge capacity, discharge voltage, Li excess percentage, sulfur content, etc.) that influence the gravimetric energy density, volumetric energy density and cost is investigated. Through comparing and analyzing the statistical information collected from recent Li–S publications to find the shortcomings of Li–S technology, we supply potential strategies aimed at addressing the major issues that are still needed to be overcome. Finally, potential future directions and prospects in the engineering of Li–S batteries are discussed.
TL;DR: Natural preservatives could also constitute a viable alternative to address the critical problem of microbial resistance, and to hamper the negative side effects of some synthetic compounds, while meeting the requirements for food safety, and exerting no negative impact on nutritional and sensory attributes of foodstuffs.