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Institution

University of Westminster

EducationLondon, United Kingdom
About: University of Westminster is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Politics. The organization has 2944 authors who have published 8426 publications receiving 200236 citations. The organization is also known as: Westminster University & Royal Polytechnic Institution.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a descriptive analysis of cycling behavior including level of cycling, trip purpose and distance, and user demographics, at the city-level for 35 major cities (>1 million population) and in urbanised areas nationwide for 11 countries.

59 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The zygotic encystment of geographically dispersed isolates in the dinoflagellate species complex Alexandrium tamarense is reported, in particular, successful mating of toxic Group I and nontoxic Group III isolates, supporting the assertion that complete speciation underlies the phylogenetic structure of the AlexandriumTamarense species complex.
Abstract: We report the zygotic encystment of geographically dispersed isolates in the dinoflagellate species complex Alexandrium tamarense, in particular, successful mating of toxic Group I and nontoxic Group III isolates However, hypnozygotes produced in Group I/III co-cultures complete no more than three divisions after germinating Previous reports have suggested a mate recognition mechanism whereby hypnozygotes produced in co-cultures could arise from either homotypic (inbred) or heterotypic (outbred) gamete pairs To determine the extent to which each occurs, a nested PCR assay was developed to determine parentage of individual hypnozygotes The vast majority of hypnozygotes from pairwise Group I/III co-cultures were outbred, so that inviability was a result of hybridization, not inbreeding These findings support the assertion that complete speciation underlies the phylogenetic structure of the Alexandrium tamarense species complex Additionally, the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) copy numbers of both hybrid and single ribotype hypnozygotes were reduced substantially from those of haploid motile cells The destruction of rDNA loci may be crucial for the successful mating of genetically distant conjugants and appears integral to the process of encystment The inviability of Group I/III hybrids is important for public health because the presence of hybrid cysts may indicate ongoing displacement of a nontoxic population by a toxic one (or vice versa) Hybrid inviability also suggests a bloom control strategy whereby persistent, toxic Group I blooms could be mitigated by introduction of nontoxic Group III cells The potential for hybridization in nature was investigated by applying the nested PCR assay to hypnozygotes from Belfast Lough, Northern Ireland, a region where Group I and III populations co-occur Two hybrid cysts were identified in 14 successful assays, demonstrating that Group I and III populations do interbreed in that region However, an analysis of mating data collected over an 18-year period indicated a leaky pre-mating barrier between ribosomal species (including Groups I and III) Whether the observed selectivity inhibits hybridization in nature is dependent on its mechanism If the point of selectivity is the induction of gametogenesis, dissimilar ribotypes could interbreed freely, promoting displacement in cases where hybridization is lethal If instead, selectivity occurs during the adhesion of gamete pairs, it could enable stable co-existence of A tamarense species In either case, hybrid inviability may impose a significant obstacle to range expansion The nested PCR assay developed here is a valuable tool for investigation of interspecies hybridization and its consequences for the global biogeography of these important organisms

59 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that imagined perspective transformations may not draw upon those empathic social-emotional perspective taking processes for which females show an advantage, and the range of spatial abilities for which a sex difference has been established should be extended to include imagined perspective Transformations.

59 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
19 Mar 2014-Stress
TL;DR: It is suggested that the cortisol awakening response may be a mediator between the master and peripheral circadian systems to entrain daily levels of synaptic plasticity.
Abstract: The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is the most prominent, dynamic and variable part of the circadian pattern of cortisol secretion. Despite this, its precise purpose is unknown. Aberrant patterns of the CAR are associated with impaired physical and mental health and reduced cognitive function, suggesting that it may have a pervasive role or roles. It has been suggested that the CAR primes the brain for the expected demands of the day but the mechanisms underlying this process are unknown. We examined temporal covariation of the CAR and rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)-induced long term depression (LTD)-like responses in the motor cortex. Plasticity was evaluated across 180 measures from five time points on four sessions across nine healthy researcher participants, mean age 25 ± 2.5 years. Plasticity estimates were obtained in the afternoon after measurement of the CAR on 4 days, at least 3 days apart. As both CAR magnitude and rTMS-induced responses are variable across days, we hypothesized that days with larger than individual average CARs would be associated with a greater than individual average plasticity response. This was confirmed by mixed regression modelling where variation in the CAR predicted variation in rTMS-induced responses (df: 1, 148.24; F: 10.41; p = 0.002). As the magnitude of the CAR is regulated by the "master" circadian CLOCK, and synaptic plasticity is known to be modulated by peripheral "slave" CLOCK genes, we suggest that the CAR may be a mediator between the master and peripheral circadian systems to entrain daily levels of synaptic plasticity.

59 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The major impacts of the deregulation of local bus services in Britain under the Transport Act 1985 are reviewed, identifying issues to be examined further by contributors in a series of papers in this journal.

59 citations


Authors

Showing all 3028 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Barbara J. Sahakian14561269190
Peter B. Jones145185794641
Andrew Steptoe137100373431
Robert West112106153904
Aldo R. Boccaccini103123454155
Kevin Morgan9565549644
Shaogang Gong9243031444
Thomas A. Buchanan9134948865
Mauro Perretti9049728463
Jimmy D. Bell8858925983
Andrew D. McCulloch7535819319
Mark S. Goldberg7323518067
Dimitrios Buhalis7231623830
Ali Mobasheri6937014642
Michael E. Boulton6933123747
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202334
2022111
2021439
2020501
2019434
2018461