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Institution

University of Westminster

EducationLondon, United Kingdom
About: University of Westminster is a education organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Politics. The organization has 2944 authors who have published 8426 publications receiving 200236 citations. The organization is also known as: Westminster University & Royal Polytechnic Institution.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, various applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates are discussed, covering areas such as medicine, agriculture, tissue engineering, nanocomposites, polymer blends and chiral synthesis.
Abstract: Increased and accelerated global economic activities over the past century have led to interlinked problems that require urgent attention. The current patterns of production and consumption have raised serious concerns. In this context, greater emphasis has been put on the concept of sustainable economic systems that rely on technologies based on and supporting renewable sources of energy and materials. Average UK households produce around 3.2 million tonnes of packaging waste annually whereas 150 million tonnes of packaging waste is generated annually by industries in the UK. Hence, the development of biologically derived biodegradable polymers is one important element of the new economic development. Key among the biodegradable biopolymers is a class known as polyhydroxyalkanoates. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of polyhydroxyesters of 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-hydroxyalkanoic acids, produced by a variety of bacterial species under nutrient-limiting conditions with excess carbon. These water-insoluble storage polymers are biodegradable, exhibit thermoplastic properties and can be produced from renewable carbon sources. Thus, there has been considerable interest in the commercial exploitation of these biodegradable polyesters. In this review various applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates are discussed, covering areas such as medicine, agriculture, tissue engineering, nanocomposites, polymer blends and chiral synthesis. Overall this review shows that polyhydroxyalkanoates are a promising class of new emerging biopolymers.

784 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the twelve most frequent city categories are conceptualized individually and in relation to one another in the academic literature, and the authors hypothesize that, notwithstanding some degree of overlap and cross-fertilization, in their essence the observed categories each harbor particular conceptual perspectives that render them distinctive.

728 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Consensus guidelines are presented on central aspects of CAR assessment, including objective control of sampling accuracy/adherence, participant instructions, covariate accounting, sampling protocols, quantification strategies as well as reporting and interpreting of CAR data.

716 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This meta-analysis provides evidence that physician burnout may jeopardize patient care; reversal of this risk has to be viewed as a fundamental health care policy goal across the globe.
Abstract: Importance Physician burnout has taken the form of an epidemic that may affect core domains of health care delivery, including patient safety, quality of care, and patient satisfaction However, this evidence has not been systematically quantified Objective To examine whether physician burnout is associated with an increased risk of patient safety incidents, suboptimal care outcomes due to low professionalism, and lower patient satisfaction Data Sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases were searched until October 22, 2017, using combinations of the key termsphysicians,burnout, andpatient care Detailed standardized searches with no language restriction were undertaken The reference lists of eligible studies and other relevant systematic reviews were hand-searched Study Selection Quantitative observational studies Data Extraction and Synthesis Two independent reviewers were involved The main meta-analysis was followed by subgroup and sensitivity analyses All analyses were performed using random-effects models Formal tests for heterogeneity (I2) and publication bias were performed Main Outcomes and Measures The core outcomes were the quantitative associations between burnout and patient safety, professionalism, and patient satisfaction reported as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% CIs Results Of the 5234 records identified, 47 studies on 42 473 physicians (25 059 [590%] men; median age, 38 years [range, 27-53 years]) were included in the meta-analysis Physician burnout was associated with an increased risk of patient safety incidents (OR, 196; 95% CI, 159-240), poorer quality of care due to low professionalism (OR, 231; 95% CI, 187-285), and reduced patient satisfaction (OR, 228; 95% CI, 142-368) The heterogeneity was high and the study quality was low to moderate The links between burnout and low professionalism were larger in residents and early-career (≤5 years post residency) physicians compared with middle- and late-career physicians (CohenQ = 727;P = 003) The reporting method of patient safety incidents and professionalism (physician-reported vs system-recorded) significantly influenced the main results (CohenQ = 814;P = 007) Conclusions and Relevance This meta-analysis provides evidence that physician burnout may jeopardize patient care; reversal of this risk has to be viewed as a fundamental health care policy goal across the globe Health care organizations are encouraged to invest in efforts to improve physician wellness, particularly for early-career physicians The methods of recording patient care quality and safety outcomes require improvements to concisely capture the outcome of burnout on the performance of health care organizations

694 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a critical review of the theoretical basis and empirical evidence for the popular practitioner idea that there are generational differences in work values is presented, and it is concluded that it may not matter to practitioners whether differences in the values of different birth cohorts reflect true generational effects, provided one can reliably demonstrate that these differences do exist.
Abstract: This paper presents a critical review of the theoretical basis and empirical evidence for the popular practitioner idea that there are generational differences in work values. The concept of generations has a strong basis in sociological theory, but the academic empirical evidence for generational differences in work values is, at best, mixed. Many studies are unable to find the predicted differences in work values, and those that do often fail to distinguish between ‘generation’ and ‘age’ as possible drivers of such observed differences. In addition, the empirical literature is fraught with methodological limitations through the use of cross-sectional research designs in most studies, confusion about the definition of a generation as opposed to a cohort, and a lack of consideration for differences in national context, gender and ethnicity. Given the multitude of problems inherent in the evidence on generational differences in work values, it is not clear what value the notion of generations has for practitioners, and this may suggest that the concept be ignored. Ultimately, it may not matter to practitioners whether differences in the values of different birth cohorts reflect true generational effects, provided one can reliably demonstrate that these differences do exist. However, at present this is not the case, and therefore significant research is required first to disentangle cohort and generational effects from those caused by age or period. The suggestion that different groups of employees have different values and preferences, based on both age and other factors such as gender, remains a useful idea for managers; but a convincing case for consideration of generation as an additional distinguishing factor has yet to be made.

684 citations


Authors

Showing all 3028 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Barbara J. Sahakian14561269190
Peter B. Jones145185794641
Andrew Steptoe137100373431
Robert West112106153904
Aldo R. Boccaccini103123454155
Kevin Morgan9565549644
Shaogang Gong9243031444
Thomas A. Buchanan9134948865
Mauro Perretti9049728463
Jimmy D. Bell8858925983
Andrew D. McCulloch7535819319
Mark S. Goldberg7323518067
Dimitrios Buhalis7231623830
Ali Mobasheri6937014642
Michael E. Boulton6933123747
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202334
2022111
2021439
2020501
2019434
2018461