University of Wisconsin-Madison

About: University of Wisconsin-Madison is a education organization based out in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 108707 authors who have published 237594 publications receiving 11883575 citations.

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): validation of a screening instrument for use in medical settings.

Abstract: Objective: The concurrent, construct, and discriminant validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were evaluated. AUDIT consists of a 10-item Core questionnaire and an 8-item Clinical procedure. AUDIT was designed to identify hazardous drinkers (whose drinking increases their risk of alcohol-related problems, though alcohol-associated harm has not yet occurred); harmful drinkers (who have had recent physical or mental harm from their drinking, but who are not alcohol-dependent); and people with alcohol dependence. Method: Known alcoholics (n = 65) and general medical patients (n = 187) completed self-report questionnaires and underwent a diagnostic interview, physical examination and laboratory testing. Results: AUDIT scores correlated significantly with scores on the MAST and MacAndrew alcoholism screening tests, and with ALAT, ASAT, GGT and MCV levels, which reflect recent heavy drinking. AUDIT scores were correlated with measures of alcoholism vulnerability (e.g., familial alcoho...

Electrical control of antiferromagnetic domains in multiferroic BiFeO3 films at room temperature.

Abstract: Multiferroic materials, which offer the possibility of manipulating the magnetic state by an electric field or vice versa, are of great current interest. In this work, we demonstrate the first observation of electrical control of antiferromagnetic domain structure in a single-phase multiferroic material at room temperature. High-resolution images of both antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric domain structures of (001)-oriented multiferroic BiFeO3 films revealed a clear domain correlation, indicating a strong coupling between the two types of order. The ferroelectric structure was measured using piezo force microscopy, whereas X-ray photoemission electron microscopy as well as its temperature dependence was used to detect the antiferromagnetic configuration. Antiferromagnetic domain switching induced by ferroelectric polarization switching was observed, in agreement with theoretical predictions.

Progress in bismuth vanadate photoanodes for use in solar water oxidation

Abstract: Harvesting energy directly from sunlight as nature accomplishes through photosynthesis is a very attractive and desirable way to solve the energy challenge. Many efforts have been made to find appropriate materials and systems that can utilize solar energy to produce chemical fuels. One of the most viable options is the construction of a photoelectrochemical cell that can reduce water to H2 or CO2 to carbon-based molecules. Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has recently emerged as a promising material for use as a photoanode that oxidizes water to O2 in these cells. Significant advancement in the understanding and construction of efficient BiVO4-based photoanode systems has been made within a short period of time owing to various newly developed ideas and approaches. In this review, the crystal and electronic structures that are closely related to the photoelectrochemical properties of BiVO4 are described first, and the photoelectrochemical properties and limitations of BiVO4 are examined. Subsequently, the latest efforts toward addressing these limitations in order to improve the performances of BiVO4-based photoanodes are discussed. These efforts include morphology control, formation of composite structures, composition tuning, and coupling oxygen evolution catalysts. The discussions and insights provided in this review reflect the most recent approaches and directions for general photoelectrode developments and they will be directly applicable for the understanding and improvement of other photoelectrode systems.

Hypoelliptic differential operators and nilpotent groups

Abstract: 2. Sufficient condi t ions for hypoe l l ip t i c i ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 8. Graded a n d free Lie a lgebras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 4. H a r m o n i c analysis on iV a n d the p roof of T h eo rem 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 5. Di la t ions a n d h o m o g e n e i t y on groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 6. Smoo th ly va ry ing families of f u n d a m e n t a l solut ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265