Showing papers by "University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee published in 1985"
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A high correlation was seen between grip strength and age, but a low to moderate correlation between pinch strength andAge, and the newer pinch gauge used in this study appears to read higher than that used in a previous normative study.
2,101 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to develop normative data for adults to enable clinicians to objectively compare a patient's score to a normal population parameter.
Abstract: The Box and Block Test, a test of manual dexterity, has been used by occupational therapists and others to evaluate physically handicapped individuals. Because the test lacked normative data for adults, the results of the test have been interpreted subjectively. The purpose of this study was to develop normative data for adults. Test subjects were 628 Normal adults (310 males and 318 females) from the seven-county Milwaukee area. Data on males and females 20 to 94 years old were divided into 12 age groups. Means, standard deviations, standard error, and low and high scores are reported for each five-year age group. These data will enable clinicians to objectively compare a patient's score to a normal population parameter.
1,597 citations
TL;DR: Standardized procedures for the Nine Hole Peg Test of finger dexterity were established, females scored slightly better than males, finger dexterity decreased with age, and right-hand and left-hand dominant subjects demonstrated minimal differences in performance.
Abstract: The purposes of this study were to establish standardized procedures for the Nine Hole Peg Test of finger dexterity, to evaluate its reliability and validity, and to establish new clinical norms based on these standardized procedures. For the reliability and validity study, 26 female occupational therapy students were tested Very high interrater reliability (right r = .97, left r = .99) was found Test-retest reliability was reported to be moderate to high (right r = .69, left r = .43) and a significant practice effect was found between the test and retest occasions. Possible variables that may have affected these results are discussed To evaluate concurrent validity, the Nine Hole Peg Test was compared to the Purdue Pegboard. The observed correlations (right r = −.61, left r = −.53) indicated that the tests are similar but not equivalent tests of finger dexterity. For the normative data study, 628 normal subjects from 20 to 94 years were tested Data were stratified by sex and by 12 age groups to allow the...
790 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of group decision-making is presented, which focuses on the production and reproduction of social systems through the application of generative rules and resources, and its advantages over previous formulations are explored.
Abstract: This essay presents a theory of group decision‐making. Utilizing recent advances in structuration theory, which focuses on the production and reproduction of social systems through the application of generative rules and resources, the new conceptualization is presented and its advantages over previous formulations are explored. Results from an ongoing research program are summarized as partial substantiation of the perspective.
315 citations
TL;DR: A study to investigate the effect of elbow position on grip and key pinch strength evaluations showed a significantly stronger grip strength measurement in the 90 degree elbow flexed position than in the fully extended position.
Abstract: Twenty-nine college women participated in a study to investigate the effect of elbow position on grip and key pinch strength evaluations. Standardized instructions and positioning were followed with the exception of the two elbow positions. The elbow was flexed to 90° in one test condition and it was fully extended in the other. The results showed a significantly stronger grip strength measurement in the 90° elbow flexed position than in the fully extended position. For evaluation of key pinch strength, both hands were stronger in the elbow flexed position, but only the right hand was significantly stronger. This study supports the use of the elbow flexed position in standardized grip and key pinch evaluations.
299 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The structure of a surface influences many of its important properties, such as its chemical, electronic, and vibrational properties as mentioned in this paper, and these properties are affected by small changes (i.e., 0.01 to 0.05 A) in the surface bond lengths.
Abstract: The structure of a surface influences many of its important properties. For example, the chemical, electronic, and vibrational properties of surfaces are affected by small changes (i.e., 0.01 to 0.05 A) in the surface bond lengths. The surfaces of most semiconductors and of some noble metals are reconstructed, producing new and important properties of the surface region. Indeed, modern surface science is anchored on the ability of novel microscopic and spectroscopic techniques to yield quantitative information about surface structure.
298 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the modified Darcy model for transport of momentum is applied but the velocity square term in the momentum equation and the axial conduction term in energy equation are neglected, and the results show that the Nusselt number for fully-developed fields increases with an increase in the porous media shape parameter.
293 citations
TL;DR: The adsorption of CO at 85 K on the Pt-s[4(111)×(100)] surface has been investigated using infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) TPD and LEED as mentioned in this paper.
255 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that persuading for these recipients was largely a function of the perceived validity of message content: messages containing high-quality arguments were more persuasive than messages containing lowquality arguments, whereas variations in a structural attribute of the message (its length) proved to have little impact on opinion change.
246 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that in the presence of ascorbic acid and in tissue homogenates, the reduction is faster for piperidine than for pyrrolidine nitroxides and for positively-charged than for negatively-charged derivatives.
125 citations
TL;DR: A comparison of these North American species with Eurasian acipenserids suggests that all the sturgeon that have been examined exhibit a similar influence of incubation temperature on developmental rate.
Abstract: The effect of constant incubation temperatures (between 10°C and 26°C) on the developmental rates was found to fit a similar exponential relationship in both the lake and white sturgeon embryos and larvae. Although the lake sturgeon had an overall slower rate of development than the white sturgeon, no statistically significant difference was detected in the slopes of the exponential equations describing the effect of temperature on developmental rate. The effect of these incubation temperatures on embryonic survival also did not differ between these two species. Both species exhibited optimal survival between 14–17° C and incipient mortalities occurred at 20°C. Temperatures above 20°C were lethal for white sturgeon embryos. No effect of low incubation temperature on survival was evident from this study. A comparison of these North American species with Eurasian acipenserids suggests that all the sturgeon that have been examined exhibit a similar influence of incubation temperature on developmental rate.
TL;DR: It is proved that the proper-time expansion of the kernel of the Feynman propagator in curved space-time can be written in a new form, conjectured by Parker and Toms, in which all the terms containing the scalar curvature R are generated by a simple overall exponential factor.
Abstract: We consider the Schwinger-DeWitt proper-time expansion of the kernel of the Feynman propagator in curved space-time. We prove that the proper-time expansion can be written in a new form, conjectured by Parker and Toms, in which all the terms containing the scalar curvature R are generated by a simple overall exponential factor. This sums all terms containing R, including those with nonconstant coefficients, in the proper-time series. This result is valid for an arbitrary space-time and for any spin. It also applies to the heat kernel. This form of the expansion is of importance in connection with nonperturbative effects in quantum field theory.
TL;DR: The findings indicated that marital status, self-perceived health status, income, social activity levels, and a sense of social fulfillment directly predict feelings of loneliness, and the social fulfillment variable was the most important predictor.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop and assess a causal model of loneliness among a national probability sample of noninstitutionalized elderly adults. Path analysis was used to test the causal model. The findings indicated that marital status, self-perceived health status, income, social activity levels, and a sense of social fulfillment directly predict feelings of loneliness. The social fulfillment variable, however, was the most important predictor. An interesting finding was that age had no notable direct or indirect effect on feelings of loneliness.
TL;DR: In this article, the infrared spectrum was used to study the vibration of CO adsorbed on small, silica-supported platinum particles, and three bands can be detected on each of the different samples.
TL;DR: It is proved that the conjecture that the coincidence limit of the heat kernel in curved spacetime can be written in a new form in which the coefficients of the proper-time series have no terms containing the scalar curvature R is proved to third order in the proper time.
Abstract: We conjecture that the coincidence limit of the heat kernel (or the kernel of the Feynman propagator) in curved spacetime can be written in a new form in which the coefficients of the proper-time series have no terms containing the scalar curvature R. This effectively sums all terms containing R. We prove our conjecture to third order in the proper time. This permits one to obtain certain nonlocal effects in a general curved spacetime through a one-loop calculation.
TL;DR: It is suggested that PRL can act directly on the brain to inhibit gonadotropin release and to stimulate ingestive behavior but central effects of PRL alone are not sufficient to maintain incubation readiness.
TL;DR: The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children has been extolled in the lay media as an exceptionally well designed and developed psychoeducational instrument that measures both intelligence and achie... as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children has been extolled in the lay media as an exceptionally well designed and developed psychoeducational instrument that measures both intelligence and achie...
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of structure on the reduction of nitroxyl spin labels by ascorbic acid was examined using both piperidine and pyrrolidine Nitroxyls.
TL;DR: In this paper, the boundary and inertia effects have a significant influence on the velocity profiles and surface heat transfer rate of convection from a vertical plate embedded in a high-porosity medium.
TL;DR: The authors points out that all disaggregate multiattribute choice models contain the assumption that the population is reasonably homogeneous with respect to the aggregate parameters estimated by the model, and that the assumption is not always true.
Abstract: All disaggregate multiattribute choice models contain the assumption that the population is reasonably homogeneous with respect to the aggregate parameters estimated by the model. The author points...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used ring counts to estimate the age of individual bloaters within ± 6 d over the first 5 months of life of larvae raised under constant photoperiod (12 h light: 12 h darkness).
Abstract: Laboratory experiments with known-age bloater larvae raised under constant photoperiod (12 h light: 12 h darkness) showed that deposition of otolith rings began at first feeding and occurred daily at all but the lowest growth rates. Based on ring counts, the age of individual bloaters could be estimated within ±6 d over the first 5 months of life. Otoliths of larvae fed high rations interrupted by 5-d periods of starvation or low rations contained obvious bands of abnormally low-contrast rings corresponding to these stress periods. The relationship between fish length and otolith diameter varied among experiments, independent of growth rate. Therefore, back-calculation of length at age will require an estimate of this relationship for each field application.
TL;DR: By restricting attention to "consecutives" or "semiconsecutive" partitions, the partition problem in polynomial time for small values of m is solved and the Neyman-Pearson lemma in statistical hypothesis testing is related.
Abstract: We consider several subclasses of the problem of grouping n items indexed 1, 2, ', n into m subsets so as to minimize the function gS1, ', Sm. In general, these problems are very difficult to solve to optimality, even for the case m = 2. We provide several sufficient conditions on gi¾· that guarantee that there is an optimum partition in which each subset consists of consecutive integers or else the partition S1, ', Sm satisfies a more general condition called "semiconsecutiveness". Moreover, by restricting attention to "consecutive" or "semiconsecutive" partitions, we can solve the partition problem in polynomial time for small values of m. If, in addition, g is symmetric, then the partition problem is solvable in purely polynomial time. We apply these results to generalizations of a problem in inventory groupings considered by the authors in a previous paper. We also relate the results to the Neyman-Pearson lemma in statistical hypothesis testing and to a graph partitioning problem of Barnes and Hoffman.
TL;DR: Both theory and experiment indicate large modulations in the loss cross section as a function of incident energy in the inelastic cross section of Ni(001) surface phonons for an extended energy range with a dynamical scattering theory.
Abstract: We report on the first comparison of the inelastic cross section of Ni(001) surface phonons for an extended energy range with a dynamical scattering theory. Both theory and experiment indicate large modulations in the loss cross section as a function of incident energy. The intensity ratio of the ${S}_{4}$ and ${S}_{6}$ surface phonons on Ni(001) is best fitted with a 1.7%-3.3% contraction in the outer-most interlayer spacing.
TL;DR: The authors argue that the minority underclass is a product of institutionalized racism, which operates in education, the job market, the housing market, and the criminal justice system, and suggest that it would be fruitful to focus on differentiation within poor minority communities.
Abstract: A good deal of our concern in the study of social problems has to do with the emergence in American society of a predominantly minority urban underclass. Generally, social scientists rely on one or a combination of two approaches in explaining this phenomenon. The first approach the culture of poverty-argues for the existence of a tangle of pathology which is ". . . capable of perpetuating itself without assistance from the white world" (Moynihan, 1967:47). All that is required to sustain this underclass culture is a welfare state. An alternative approach, equally oversimplified here, argues that the minority underclass is a product of institutionalized racism, which operates in education, the job market, the housing market, and the criminal justice system. But both the culture of poverty and racism explanations focus on categories of people rather than on communities. The culture of poverty approach emphasizes individuals and their families. The discrimination argument looks at individuals in relation to their roles in the institutions of the larger society. Neither recognizes the dynamics working within the communities in which underclass families live. I suggest here that it would be fruitful to focus on differentiation within poor minority communities. Further, since deviance and potential deviance are also part of our image of the underclass, we may borrow from the labeling perspective to understand how deviants, and by extension, underclass families come to be differentiated further in their own minority communities. A case history-the development of Chicano youth gangs-shows some of these processes at work, and also demonstrates that it is possible for these trends to be reversed. Thus we can also identify some of the dynamics involved in the reabsorption of members of the underclass into a less deviant or stigmatized segment of the minority poor.
TL;DR: A model is presented: the Policy-Program-Implementation Process (PPIP) model, which can serve as a conceptual framework for developing contingent theories of policy implementation in the future.
Abstract: Implementation studies appearing since 1973 show a disappointing lack of convergence that may be due to different, often implicit, conceptualizations of implementation. They range from "classical" linear models linking policy or statute with execution to "circular, " "adaptive, " or "evolutionary" concepts that envisage a more dynamic interaction between the making and implementation of policy. It is suggested that the wide range of possible situations calls for a contingent theory linking policy to implementation. Such a theory demands a conceptual model that is abstract enough to accommodate diversity and to recognize that failure to implement policies or programs is not an aberration. A model is presented that meets these specifications: the Policy-Program-Implementation Process (PPIP) model, which can serve as a conceptual framework for developing contingent theories of policy implementation in the future.
TL;DR: Isolated rat liver metallothionein is a major cellular site of binding of the platinum complex at concentrations which inhibit tumor growth.
TL;DR: These findings point to the importance of residential care administrators articulating a philosophy through their programming, physical environment, and emotional climate that supports clients' attempts to become part of the larger community.
Abstract: Much of the empirical research on the social adjustment of the mentally ill has focused on client variables. More recently, recognition of environmental factors as influences on behavior has led to attempts to determine environmental factors that may play a role in former mental patients' community integration. The secondary data analysis of 87 former state hospital patients in residential facilities suggests that while client characteristics are important in explaining community integration, facility, and community characteristics, particularly the level of skills training offered in the facility, size of city, and level of depersonalization of residents, have a significant impact. Results indicating the major importance of informal interactions between staff and clients are discussed, with implications for facility staff noted.
TL;DR: In this paper, a group of college-aged men and women were composed to vary in the number of men serving as group members, and each group was assigned to complete two tasks: one task was a highly structured ranking assignment; the other task was human relations case study with relatively low outcome structure.
Abstract: It was hypothesized that gender composition variations and task structure would significantly interact to affect communicative behavior in small groups. Groups of college-aged men and women were composed to vary in the number of men and women serving as group members. Each group was assigned to complete two tasks: One task was a highly structured ranking assignment; the other task was a human relations case study with relatively low outcome structure. Results of Interaction Process Analysis data obtained during group discussion supported the hypothesized interaction onlyfor dominance acts of giving suggestions. Small groups composed solely of men were significantly higher in this category under structured task conditions, whereas groups composed predominantly of men were significantly lower in dominance acts under unstructured task conditions. Two subsidiary hypotheses concerning the separate effects of composition and task variables were partially supported. Results are discussed in regard to make situat...