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Showing papers by "University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee published in 1994"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This survey is the first to bring to the attention of the controls community the important contributions from the tribology, lubrication and physics literatures, and provides a set of models and tools for friction compensation which will be of value to both research and application engineers.

2,658 citations


Book ChapterDOI
09 May 1994
TL;DR: The technique for authentication can be extended and used as the basis for an authentication scheme which is ‘proven’ secure against any type of attack, provided the Discrete Logarithm problem is intractable.
Abstract: We present practical conference key distribution systems based on public keys, which authenticate the users and which are ‘proven’ secure provided the Diffie-Hellman problem is intractable. A certain number of interactions is needed but the overall cost is low. There is a complexity tradeoff. Depending on the network used, we either have a constant (in the number of conference participants) number of rounds (exchanges) or a constant communication and computation overhead. Our technique for authentication can be extended and used as the basis for an authentication scheme which is ‘proven’ secure against any type of attack, provided the Discrete Logarithm problem is intractable.

875 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Field studies of iron and/or manganese reduction suggest that organisms with such metabolic abilities play important roles in coupling the oxidation of organic carbon to metal reduction under anaerobic conditions.
Abstract: Dissimilatory iron and/or manganese reduction is known to occur in several organisms, including anaerobic sulfur-reducing organisms such as Geobacter metallireducens or Desulfuromonas acetoxidans, and facultative aerobes such as Shewanella putrefaciens. These bacteria couple both carbon oxidation and growth to the reduction of these metals, and inhibitor and competition experiments suggest that Mn(IV) and Fe(III) are efficient electron acceptors similar to nitrate in redox abilities and capable of out-competing electron acceptors of lower potential, such as sulfate (sulfate reduction) or CO2 (methanogenesis). Field studies of iron and/or manganese reduction suggest that organisms with such metabolic abilities play important roles in coupling the oxidation of organic carbon to metal reduction under anaerobic conditions. Because both iron and manganese oxides are solids or colloids, they tend to settle downward in aquatic environments, providing a physical mechanism for the movement of oxidizing potential into anoxic zones. The resulting biogeochemical metal cycles have a strong impact on many other elements including carbon, sulfur, phosphorous, and trace metals.

854 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the author's final draft is available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250150403, and the full version of this paper is available online.
Abstract: This is the author's final draft. The publisher's official version is available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250150403

578 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper examined factors contributing to employees' openness to participate in a planned change within a national insurance company and found that employees receiving quality information about the change and having a high need for achievement viewed the change favorably.
Abstract: This field study examines factors contributing to employees’ openness to participate in a planned change within a national insurance company. Drawing from recent meta‐analyses indicating that both job characteristics (JCM) and social information processing (SIP) models contribute to job attitudes, a model of factors pertaining to the change is hypothesized and tested using path analytic methods. Results indicate employees receiving “quality” information about the change and having a high need for achievement viewed the change favorably. Contrary to expectations, employees’ anxiety about the change did not influence their attitude about change. These findings are discussed in light of JCM and SIP research and their implications for research on organizational change.

538 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that obesity is less prevalent among people of Pima heritage living a “traditional” lifestyle than among Pimas living in an “affluent” environment, and that a traditional lifestyle, characterized by a diet including less animal fat and more complex carbohydrates and by greater energy expenditure in physical labor, may protect against the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors, obesity, and NIDDM.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE The Pima Indians of Arizona have the highest reported prevalences of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In parallel with abrupt changes in lifestyle, these prevalences in Arizona Pimas have increased to epidemic proportions during the past decades. To assess the possible impact of the environment on the prevalences of obesity and NIDDM, data were collected on members of a population of Pima ancestry (separation 700–1,000 years ago) living in a remote mountainous location in northwestern Mexico, with a lifestyle contrasting markedly with that in Arizona. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Pima heritage was established by history and by use of Pima language. Measurements of weight, height, body fat (bio-impedance), blood pressure, plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, and HbA1c were obtained in 19 women (36 ±13 years of age) and 16 men (48 ±14 years of age) and compared with sex-, age- and diabetes status-matched Pimas living in Arizona (10 Arizona Pimas for each Mexican Pima). RESULTS Mexican Pimas were lighter (64.2 ± 13.9 vs. 90.2 ± 21.1 kg, P < 0.0001; means ± SD) and shorter (160 ± 8 vs. 164 ± 8 cm, P < 0.01) with lower body mass indexes (24.9 ± 4.0 vs. 33.4 ± 7.5 kg/m2, P < 0.0001) and lower plasma total cholesterol levels (146 ± 30 vs. 174 ± 31 mg/dl, P < 0.0001) than Arizona Pimas. Only two women (11%) and one man (6%) had NIDDM, contrasting with the expected prevalences of 37 and 54% in female and male Arizona Pimas, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary investigation shows that obesity, and perhaps NIDDM, is less prevalent among people of Pima heritage living a “traditional” lifestyle than among Pimas living in an “affluent” environment. These findings suggest that, despite a similar potential genetic predisposition to these conditions, a traditional lifestyle, characterized by a diet including less animal fat and more complex carbohydrates and by greater energy expenditure in physical labor, may protect against the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors, obesity, and NIDDM.

395 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
23 May 1994
TL;DR: The primitive of function sharing is defined, a functional analog of secret sharing, and employed to construct novel cryptosystems with improved integrity, availability and security properties and should be contrasted with the model of secure function evaluation protocols.
Abstract: We define the primitive of function sharing, a functional analog of secret sharing, and employ it to construct novel cryptosystems. The basic idea of function sharing is to split a hard to compute (trapdoor) function into shadow functions (or share-functions). The intractable function becomes easy to compute at a given point value when given any threshold (at least t out of i) of shadow functions evaluations at that point. Otherwise, the function remains hard. Furthermore, the function must remain intractable even after exposing up to t— 1 shadow functions and exposing values of all shadow functions at polynomially many inputs. The primitive enables the distribution of the power to perform cryptography (signature, decryption, etc.) to agents. This enables the design of various novel cryptosystems with improved integrity, availability and security properties. Our model should be contrasted with the model of secure function evaluation protocols. We require no channeIs between agents holding the shadow functions, as the agents act non-interactively on a publicly available input. Our security solely relies on secure memories (and results) as in regular cr yptosyst ems. In secure function evaluation, on the other hand, it is necessary to have private/ secured bilateral channels, interactive protocol, and security of all inputs – in addition to secure memories. *Dip. di Informatica ed Applicazioni Universit& di Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy. t Dept. of EE&CS, Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI. Partially supported by NSF Grant NCR-9106327. $GTE Laboratories Incorporated, Waltham, MA. $IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY. Permission to co y without fee all or part of this material is x granted provide that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association of Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. STOC 945/94 Montreal, Quebec, Canada . @ 1994 ACM 0-89791 -663-8194/0005...$3.50

353 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare specific assessments of police performance with more global attitudes toward the police, and show that the two measures produce similar levels of support for the police in a large midwestern city.
Abstract: Since the 1960s, a substantial body of research has focused on citizens' attitudes toward the police. These studies tap a rather wide variety of outlooks: some ask about specific assessments of the police (e.g., satisfaction with the police in particular incidents), while others ask about more global assessments (e.g., satisfaction with the police in general, police in the community, or police in the neighborhood). Using data obtained through a panel survey of 398 residents of a large midwestern city, we compare specific assessments of police performance with more global attitudes toward the police. We also examine the effects of global and specific attitudes on one another. The results show that the two measures produce similar levels of support for the police. The results reveal further that global attitudes have substantial effects on specific assessments of police performance, and that the effects of specific assessments of police performance on global attitudes are modest by comparison.

338 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors believe that closer hemodynamic monitoring of orthostatic hypotension patients would considerably increase understanding and aid in the diagnosis of this condition.
Abstract: The authors' objective was to review previous studies of immediate (first 30 seconds) and stabilized (30 seconds to 20 minutes) hemodynamic responses of healthy adults to the head-up posture, with particular reference to alteration of such responses in the elderly and the usefulness of such data in the diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension. The immediate response in healthy young adults is characterized by a prompt rise in heart rate, which peaks at about 8 to 15 seconds and then tapers; the arterial pressure and total vascular resistance decrease sharply at 5 to 10 seconds, followed by a rapid rebound and overshoot. Over the first 30 seconds there is a steady parallel decline of thoracic blood volume and stroke volume; there is also an initial surge of cardiac output followed by a steady decrease. During the stabilized response (30 seconds to 20 minutes), the hemodynamic variables are relatively steady, showing average increases in heart rate of about 15 to 30%, in diastolic pressure of 10 to 15%, and in total vascular resistance of 30 to 40%; during the 5th to 20th minutes there are also decreases in thoracic blood volume averaging about 25 to 30%, in cardiac output 15 to 30%, and in pulse pressure about 5 to 10%. It is evident that in normal human subjects, assumption of the upright posture results in profound hemodynamic changes, most of them occurring during the first 30 seconds. In elderly subjects (aged 60-69 years), there are, in the upright posture, lesser increments of heart rate and diastolic pressure, but no significant differences from younger age groups in the response of thoracic blood volume, cardiac output or total vascular resistance. However, beginning at about age 75, there is an increasing incidence of orthostatic hypotension, which averages about 14 to 20% at age 75 and older. The tendency toward orthostatic hypotension in the elderly is due (1) to the structural and functional changes in the circulation itself, (2) to a decline in autonomic function, and (3) to a probable functional deficiency of the skeletal muscle pump. The authors believe that closer hemodynamic monitoring of orthostatic hypotension patients would considerably increase our understanding and aid in the diagnosis of this condition.

294 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that acquisition-related processes that may be occurring within the amygdala are more difficult to disrupt than those associated with performance.
Abstract: The amygdala is known to be important for normal aversive Pavlovian learning in the rat. The relative contribution of the amygdala to the learning vs. performance of conditional fear with the GABAa agonist muscimol was assessed. Rats were prepared with cannulas aimed at the basolateral amygdala and trained in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm in which each subject received a series of footshocks in a distinctive observation chamber. Conditional responses evoked after exposure to the observation chamber were assessed 24 hr later. Rats that were pretreated with muscimol before performance showed a significantly attenuated fear response, and injections made before acquisition resulted in a much smaller decrement in conditional fear measured 24 hr after training. These results indicate that acquisition-related processes that may be occurring within the amygdala are more difficult to disrupt than those associated with performance.

262 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings suggest that personalized educational materials are effective in enhancing colon cancer knowledge.
Abstract: We investigated whether printed or videotaped information is more effective in enhancing colon cancer knowledge. Subjects (n = 1100) were randomized into three groups: to receive a booklet, view a videotape, or receive no intervention. Subjects receiving the intervention showed increased knowledge compared with control subjects (booklet = 23% and videotape = 26% vs no intervention = 3%). Findings suggest that personalized educational materials are effective in enhancing colon cancer knowledge.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that little evidence exists to support the assertion that retrenchment is integral to turnaround, and several recommendations are offered for turnaround researchers.
Abstract: In a recent investigation of the turnaround attempts of 32 U.S. textile firms, Robbins and Pearce (1992) concluded that retrenchment is an integral component of successful recovery from decline. In this note we critique, replicate and provide an alternative explanation for their findings using data from the same sample of firms attempting turnarounds. Based on our analyses, we find that little evidence exists to support the assertion that retrenchment is integral to turnaround. We conclude by offering several recommendations for turnaround researchers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that most young male adult gang members cannot be described accurately as committed long-term participants in the drug economy, rather, most adult gang member are involved sporadically with drug sales, moving in and out of conventional labor markets at irregular intervals.
Abstract: Milwaukee research finds that most young male adult gang members cannot be described accurately as “committed long-term participants” in the drug economy. Rather, most adult gang members are involved sporadically with drug sales, moving in and out of conventional labor markets at irregular intervals. Four types of male adult gang members are described; only one type has rejected conventional values. Despite relatively high average earnings from drug sales, most gang members would accept full-time jobs with modest wages. This suggests that severe and mandatory penalties for cocaine use and sales should be ended.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
08 May 1994
TL;DR: A numerical comparison of kinematic, dynamic and electrical parameters for the PUMA 560 robot which have been reported in the literature is presented, for the first time, data from several experiments are presented in a single system of coordinates, which facilitates comparison.
Abstract: The PUMA 560 robot is the white rat of robotics research - it has been studied and used in countless experiments over many years and in many laboratories. However, it remains a challenge to assemble the complete data needed for model-based control of the robot. This paper presents a numerical comparison of kinematic, dynamic and electrical parameters for the PUMA 560 robot which have been reported in the literature. For the first time, data from several experiments are presented in a single system of coordinates, which facilitates comparison. Differences in the data and the various methods of measurement are discussed. New data have been gathered and are presented where the record was incomplete. >

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The divergence in the 16S ribosomal RNA sequences between the new isolate and Thermodesulfobacterium commune suggests that these two thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria represent different genera, and these two bacteria depict a lineage that branches deeply within the Bacteria domain and which is clearly distinct from previously defined phylogenetic lines.
Abstract: A thermophilic sulfate-reducing vibrio isolated from thermal vent water in Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, USA is described. The gram-negative, curved rod-shaped cells averaged 0.3 micrometer wide and 1.5 micrometers long. They were motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Growth was observed between 40 degrees and 70 degrees C with optimal growth at 65 degrees C. Cultures remained viable for one year at 27 degrees C although spore-formation was not observed. Sulfate, thiosulfate and sulfite were used as electron acceptors. Sulfur, fumarate and nitrate were not reduced. In the presence of sulfate, growth was observed only with lactate, pyruvate, hydrogen plus acetate, or formate plus acetate. Pyruvate was the only compound observed to support fermentative growth. Pyruvate and lactate were oxidized to acetate. Desulfofuscidin and c-type cytochromes were present. The G + C content was 29.5 mol%. The divergence in the 16 S ribosomal RNA sequences between the new isolate and Thermodesulfobacterium commune suggests that these two thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria represent different genera. These two bacteria depict a lineage that branches deeply within the Bacteria domain and which is clearly distinct from previously defined phylogenetic lines of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Strain YP87 is described as the type strain of the new genus and species Thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purpose of this article is to develop a general appreciation for the meanings of information functions rather than their mathematical use and to discuss the intricacies of quantifying information in some statistical problems.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to discuss the intricacies of quantifying information in some statistical problems. The aim is to develop a general appreciation for the meanings of information functions rather than their mathematical use. This theme integrates fundamental aspects of the contributions of Kullback, Lindley, and Jaynes and bridges chaos to probability modeling. A synopsis of information-theoretic statistics is presented in the form of a pyramid with Shannon at the vertex and a triangular base that signifies three distinct variants of quantifying information: discrimination information (Kullback), mutual information (Lindley), and maximum entropy information (Jaynes). Examples of capturing information by the maximum entropy (ME) method are discussed. It is shown that the ME approach produces a general class of logit models capable of capturing various forms of sample and nonsample information. Diagnostics for quantifying information captured by the ME logit models are given, and decom...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that total daily energy expenditure varies dramatically among healthy, free-living adults, and the relationship between body fatness and nonbasal energy expenditure was negative at high energy outputs but considerable variation in bodyfatness was present among sedentary individuals, suggesting that a low rate of nonbasAL energy expenditure is a permissive factor for obesity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aster furcatus appears to be evolving self-compatibility as a result of bottleneck-induced losses of S-alleles, and self-compatible genotypes are at a selective advantage in populations that lack a sufficient number of S -alleles to produce compatible crosses.
Abstract: Aster furcatus is a rare species with extremely limited genetic variation at isozyme loci. We utilized crossing experiments and seed set data obtained from natural populations to verify that there is also little allelic variation at the self-incompatibility (S) locus. Seed set in several populations was limited by a low number of S-alleles. Associated with a low number of S-alleles in populations was the dissolution of the incompatibility system, manifest by individual variation in self-compatibility, and by complex dominance relationships among S-alleles. Plant self-compatibility was correlated with mean number of ovules per inflorescence. Thus, self-compatibility appeared to be under partial environmental influence. Computer simulations revealed that the shapes of seed set distribution curves of modeled self-incompatible plant populations depend on the number of incompatibility alleles in the populations. By varying the number of S-alleles in modeled populations, we generated seed set distribution curves similar to those of natural populations. Genetic bottlenecks reduce the number of S-alleles and the proportion of compatible matings in populations of multiallelic self-incompatible species. Self-compatible genotypes are at a selective advantage in populations that lack a sufficient number of S-alleles to produce compatible crosses. Aster furcatus appears to be evolving self-compatibility as a result of bottleneck-induced losses of S-alleles.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article explored various factors that affect teachers' and administrators' reported job satisfaction and found that job satisfaction is determined by both role and context, which imply specific action for enhancing satisfaction of educators based on role and contextual variables.
Abstract: This study explored various factors that affect teachers' and administrators' reported job satisfaction. The intent was to determine whether teachers and administrators in urban and suburban settings viewed job satisfaction differently. Factor analyses of job satisfaction data indicated that teachers and administrators perceive their jobs differently and that differences also exist within these groups when the urban and suburban contexts in which they work are considered. The major finding of this study is that job satisfaction is determined by both role and context. Thus the findings of this study imply specific action for enhancing satisfaction of educators based on role and contextual variables. The article concludes with a discussion of the findings in terms of implications for policymakers' behavior, actions, and policies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Z-scores calculated from geometric predictions for several features of the feeding apparatus thought to have some functional significance are compared to a profile of the naturalistic dietary behavior of these species, finding several features are found exclusively in those platyrrhines whose dietary preferences are the most limited.
Abstract: Morphological features of the jaws and teeth are examined in eight species of platyrrhine monkeys that coexist in the Suriname rainforest. Z-scores calculated from geometric predictions for several features of the feeding apparatus thought to have some functional significance (e.g., tooth dimensions, jaw robusticity, leverage of primary jaw elevators) are compared to a profile of the naturalistic dietary behavior of these species (i.e., proportions of fruit mesocarp, seeds, leaves, and fauna eaten). Several features are found exclusively in those platyrrhines whose dietary preferences are the most limited. Such specializations appear to be associated with a particular protein source exploited by a species to supplement a largely frugivorous diet. Ateles paniscus, which feeds primarily on the mesocarp of ripe fruit, has an adaptive morphology that emphasizes broad incisors. Chiropotes satanas (and to a slightly lesser extent, Pithecia pithecia) is a frugivore/seed predator with large upper and lower canines and a robust mandible. The frugivore/folivore Alouatta seniculus has a relatively large total molar area and effective mandibular condyle height. In all four of these strictly vegetarian species, the leverage of the masseter muscle is greater than that of temporalis. Of the omnivorous species, Cebus apella and C. nigrivittatus exploit both fauna and seeds for protein and exhibit an array of many of the above features, such as large teeth and thick mandibles. Saimiri sciureus, not particularly known for seed predation, departs from Cebus in having less robust canines and a more gracile mandible. All three cebid omnivores have a temporalis with greater leverage than the masseter, indicating a requirement for resisting anteriorly directed forces, for example, using the jaws for vigorous foraging. The lack of any enlarged features, other than incisors, in the omnivorous Saguinus midas may be attributable to the functional constraints of small body size. Because the small size of the gape limits the size of the food parcel ingested, a requirement to enlarge other dentomandibular structures for trituration is alleviated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical study dealing with small- medium-sized firms validates export development strategy in the context of the strategic management model, which considers strategy and resources as factors which are firm-specific that exert influence on performance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examined the role of accounting in ideological conflict by examining the ideological role accounting and social disclosure played in the South African divestment debates in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s.
Abstract: Social critiques of accounting have challenged the conventional view of corporate social disclosure as a neutral, technical tool for enhancing corporate social responsibility, and stressed the ideological role accounting plays in legitimating corporate activities. This paper extends the literature on the role of accounting in ideological conflict by examining the ideological role accounting and social disclosure played in the South African divestment debates in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s. The history of the Sullivan Principles and institutional divestment from South Africa provides an empirical context for examining both the potential and limits of accounting's capacity to serve the interests of subordinate groups and social movements.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the research which challenges the validity of using multiple-choice instruments to assess graphing abilities for four reasons: (1) the ability to construct and interpret graphs is critical for developing key ideas in science; (2) science educators need to have valid information for making teaching decisions; (3) educators and researchers are heralding the arrival of MBL as a tool for developing graphing ability; and (4) some of the research that supports using MBL appears to have significant validity problems.
Abstract: The author is concerned about the methodology and instrumentation used to assess both graphing abilities and the impact of microcomputer-based laboratories (MBL) on students’ graphing abilities for four reasons: (1) the ability to construct and interpret graphs is critical for developing key ideas in science; (2) science educators need to have valid information for making teaching decisions; (3) educators and researchers are heralding the arrival of MBL as a tool for developing graphing abilities; and (4) some of the research which supports using MBL appears to have significant validity problems. In this article, the author will describe the research which challenges the validity of using multiple-choice instruments to assess graphing abilities. The evidence from this research will identify numerous disparities between the results of multiple-choice and free-response instruments. In the first study, 72 subjects in the seventh, ninth, and eleventh grades were administered individual clinical interviews to assess their ability to construct and interpret graphs. A wide variety of graphs and situations were assessed. In three instances during the interview, students drew a graph that would best represent a situation and then explained their drawings. The results of these clinical graphing interviews were very different from similar questions assessed through multiple-choice formats in other research studies. In addition, insights into students’ thinking about graphing reveal that some multiple-choice graphing questions from prior research studies and standardized tests do not discriminate between right answerslright reasons, right answers/wrong reasons, and answers scored “wrong” but correct for valid reasons. These results indicate that in some instances multiple-choice questions are not a valid measure of graphing abilities, In a second study, the researcher continued to pursue the questions raised about the validity of multiple-choice tests to assess graphing, researching the following questions: What can be learned about subjects’ graphing abilities when students draw their own graphs compared to assessing by means of a multiple-choice instrument? Does the methodology used to assess graphing abilities: (1) affect the percentage of subjects who answer correctly; (2) alter the percentage of subjects affected by the “picture of the event” phenomenon? Instruments were constructed consisting of

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that diminished neuronal sympathetic activity and enhanced adrenomedullary activity is demonstrated during head-up tilt testing in patients with neurocardiogenic syncope.
Abstract: Changes in heart rate, arterial pressure, norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were compared in 19 consecutive patients (10 men and 9 women, mean age 46 ± 16 years) with neurocardiogenic syncope and 11 age- and sex-matched control subjects (5 men and 6 women, mean age 49 ± 15 years) during head-up tilt testing. Norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were measured at the baseline supine position, in the initial upright position, every 90 seconds during the 70° upright tilt, at the time of termination due to hypotension and syncope (or at 15 minutes in control subjects), and at 40 seconds and 1 minute and 40 seconds in the supine position after terminating the headmp tilt test. Baseline norepinephrine, epinephrine and heart rate were slightly higher in patients. Despite a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure during head-up tilt testing in patients (51 ± 20 mm Hg, p It is concluded that diminished neuronal sympathetic activity and enhanced adrenomedullary activity is demonstrated during head-up tilt testing in patients with neurocardiogenic syncope.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors posits a critical approach to the study of contemporary social controversy so as to initiate inquiry into how these extended rhetorical engagements critique, resituate, and develop communication practices bridging the public and personal spheres.
Abstract: This essay posits a critical approach to the study of contemporary social controversy so as to initiate inquiry into how these extended rhetorical engagements critique, resituate, and develop communication practices bridging the public and personal spheres Objections to the use of fur are examined as oppositional argument, that is, as rhetoric that veers from the goal of persuasion in order to block conventional associations and refashion communication norms Pro‐fur responses illustrate strategies available to bolster, alter, or abandon habits of consumer culture It is concluded that the fur controversy presages the emerging shape of a contemporary public sphere

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this study provide additional epidemiological evidence that upper extremity musculotendinous disorders and some cases of CTS may be causally associated with work.
Abstract: Thirty-two jobs at a pork processing plant were semi-quantitatively analyzed in terms of their ergonomic characteristics, then classified as “hazardous” or “safe” in terms of potential risk for elbow or hand/wrist disorders. The spectrum, number, and incidence of such disorders occurring during the preceding 20 months were then compared to the job analyses and hazard classifications. There were 104 disorders associated with 15 job categories. The disorders included epicondylitis (24), nonspecific hand/wrist pain (41), carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) (21), trigger finger (12), trigger thumb (3), and DeQuervain's tenosynovitis (3). The strength demands of the jobs associated with morbidity were significantly greater than those of jobs without morbidity. Differences in wrist posture were less significant. Type of grasp and repetitiveness were not significantly different. Practically all morbidity (96%) was associated with the hazardous job categories and occurred with a characteristic pattern of co-morbidity. T...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study believes that its study is one of the first applications of neural network models using individual level cross-sectional survey data for predicting market response and that its findings have opened the doors to further research about the applicability of Neural Network Modeling using Individual levelCross-sectional data, as opposed to using aggregate company level data.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, cell extracts were used to determine the enzymes involved in the intermediary carbon metabolism of several strains of Shewanella putrefaciens, including the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway.
Abstract: Cell extracts were used to determine the enzymes involved in the intermediary carbon metabolism of several strains of Shewanella putrefaciens. Enzymes of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway (6-phosphogluconate dehydratase and 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase) were detected, but those of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway were not. While several tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes were present under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, two key enzymes (2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase) were greatly diminished under anaerobic conditions. Extracts of cell grown anaerobically on formate as the sole source of carbon and energy were positive for hydroxypyruvate reductase, the key enzyme of the serine pathway in other methylotrophs, while no hexulose synthase activity was seen.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The deduction method presented here contrasts with other methods whose ability to perform logical reasoning is either limited or requires finding all truth assignments consistent with the given sentences.