University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

About: University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee is a education organization based out in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gravitational wave. The organization has 11839 authors who have published 28034 publications receiving 936438 citations. The organization is also known as: UWM & University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

The costs (and benefits?) of diversified business groups: The case of Korean chaebols

Abstract: We examine Korean chaebols to determine the costs and benefits associated with the operation of a diversified business group We find that chaebol-affiliated firms suffer a value loss relative to non-affiliated firms We observe that this value loss holds even after controlling for the relatedness of the diversification present within the chaebol To identify the causes of this value loss, we obtain evidence suggesting that chaebol firms: (1) pursue profit stability rather than profit maximization, (2) over-invest in low performing industries, and (3) cross-subsidize the weaker members of their group We do find however that chaebol firms possess greater debt capacity and consequently enjoy lower tax burdens Nevertheless, because chaebols suffer an overall loss in value, we conclude that the costs associated with chaebol membership exceed its benefits

Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on TiO2-Based Photocatalysts: A Review

Abstract: Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the research of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O, an innovative way to simultaneously reduce the level of CO2 emissions and produce renewable and sustainable fuels. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and modified TiO2 composites are the most widely used photocatalysts in this application; however, the reaction mechanism of CO2 photoreduction on TiO2 photocatalysts is still not very clear, and the reaction intermediates and product selectivity are not well understood. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in the exploration of reaction mechanism of CO2 photoreduction with H2O in correlation with the TiO2 photocatalyst characteristics. Discussions are provided in the following sections: (1) CO2 adsorption, activation and dissociation on TiO2 photocatalyst; (2) mechanism and approaches to enhance charge transfer from photocatalyst to reactants (i.e., CO2 and H2O); and (3) surface intermediates, reaction pathways, and product selectivity. In each section, the effects of material properties are discussed, including TiO2 crystal phases (e.g., anatase, rutile, brookite, or their mixtures), surface defects (e.g., oxygen vacancy and Ti^(3+)) and material modifications (e.g., incorporation of noble metal, metal oxide, and/or nonmetal species to TiO2). Finally, perspectives on future research directions and open issues to be addressed in CO2 photoreduction are outlined in this review paper.

Do Gender Stereotypes Transcend Party

Abstract: Voters hold stereotypes about candidate gender and candidate party. Yet little is known about the intersection of gender and party stereotypes. In this article, we investigate whether gender stereotypes transcend party. We consider whether gender stereotypes affect woman politicians differently by party and examine the effect of partisan identification on gender stereotypes. We find that the public perceives gender differences within both political parties. Thus the presence of the party cue does not preclude a role for candidate gender. However, we also find that the implications of gender stereotypes are somewhat different for Democratic and Republican women.

Gliding motility and Por secretion system genes are widespread among members of the phylum bacteroidetes.

Abstract: The phylum Bacteroidetes is large and diverse, with rapid gliding motility and the ability to digest macromolecules associated with many genera and species. Recently, a novel protein secretion system, the Por secretion system (PorSS), was identified in two members of the phylum, the gliding bacterium Flavobacterium johnsoniae and the nonmotile oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. The components of the PorSS are not similar in sequence to those of other well-studied bacterial secretion systems. The F. johnsoniae PorSS genes are a subset of the gliding motility genes, suggesting a role for the secretion system in motility. The F. johnsoniae PorSS is needed for assembly of the gliding motility apparatus and for secretion of a chitinase, and the P. gingivalis PorSS is involved in secretion of gingipain protease virulence factors. Comparative analysis of 37 genomes of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes revealed the widespread occurrence of gliding motility genes and PorSS genes. Genes associated with other bacterial protein secretion systems were less common. The results suggest that gliding motility is more common than previously reported. Microscopic observations confirmed that organisms previously described as nonmotile, including Croceibacter atlanticus, "Gramella forsetii," Paludibacter propionicigenes, Riemerella anatipestifer, and Robiginitalea biformata, exhibit gliding motility. Three genes (gldA, gldF, and gldG) that encode an apparent ATP-binding cassette transporter required for F. johnsoniae gliding were absent from two related gliding bacteria, suggesting that the transporter may not be central to gliding motility.

Duration discrimination of filled and empty auditory intervals: Cognitive and perceptual factors

Abstract: Adult subjects were presented with two auditory stimuli per trial, and their task was to decide which of the two was longer in duration. An adaptive psychophysical procedure was used. In Experiments 1, 2, and 4, the base duration was 50 msec, whereas in Experiment 3, the base duration was 1 sec. In Experiments 1, 2, and 4, it was found that filled intervals (continuous tones) were discriminated more accurately than empty intervals (with onset and offset marked by clicks). It was concluded that this difference was perceptual rather than cognitive in nature, since performance on filled and empty intervals was not affected by increasing cognitive load in a dual-task procedure (Experiment 2) but was affected by backward masking (Experiment 4). In contrast, the results of Experiment 3 showed that duration discrimination of filled auditory intervals of longer duration was cognitively influenced, since performance was impaired by increasing cognitive load. Implications for notions of perceptual processing and timing mechanisms tanderlying differences in duration discrimination with filled and empty intervals are discussed.