University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

About: University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee is a education organization based out in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gravitational wave. The organization has 11839 authors who have published 28034 publications receiving 936438 citations. The organization is also known as: UWM & University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

Teachers' Expectations and Sense of Responsibility for Student Learning: The Importance of Race, Class, and Organizational Habitus

Abstract: This article examines how the concentration of low-income African American students in urban elementary schools is deeply coupled with a leveling of teachers' expectations of students and a reduction in their sense of responsibility for student learning. We argue that this process is rooted in school-based organizational habitus through which expectations of students become embedded in schools. We show that this process can be mediated if school leaders engage in practices designed to increase teachers' sense of responsibility for student learning. [organizational habitus, race, class, teacher expectations]

Multilayered Si nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide hybrid as a high-performance lithium-ion battery anode.

Abstract: Multilayered Si/RGO anode nanostructures, featuring alternating Si nanoparticle (NP) and RGO layers, good mechanical stability, and high electrical conductivity, allow Si NPs to easily expand between RGO layers, thereby leading to high reversible capacity up to 2300 mAh g(-1) at 0.05 C (120 mA g(-1) ) and 87% capacity retention (up to 630 mAh g(-1) ) at 10 C after 152 cycles.

Effects of a Traditional Lifestyle on Obesity in Pima Indians

Abstract: OBJECTIVE The Pima Indians of Arizona have the highest reported prevalences of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In parallel with abrupt changes in lifestyle, these prevalences in Arizona Pimas have increased to epidemic proportions during the past decades. To assess the possible impact of the environment on the prevalences of obesity and NIDDM, data were collected on members of a population of Pima ancestry (separation 700–1,000 years ago) living in a remote mountainous location in northwestern Mexico, with a lifestyle contrasting markedly with that in Arizona. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Pima heritage was established by history and by use of Pima language. Measurements of weight, height, body fat (bio-impedance), blood pressure, plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, and HbA1c were obtained in 19 women (36 ±13 years of age) and 16 men (48 ±14 years of age) and compared with sex-, age- and diabetes status-matched Pimas living in Arizona (10 Arizona Pimas for each Mexican Pima). RESULTS Mexican Pimas were lighter (64.2 ± 13.9 vs. 90.2 ± 21.1 kg, P < 0.0001; means ± SD) and shorter (160 ± 8 vs. 164 ± 8 cm, P < 0.01) with lower body mass indexes (24.9 ± 4.0 vs. 33.4 ± 7.5 kg/m2, P < 0.0001) and lower plasma total cholesterol levels (146 ± 30 vs. 174 ± 31 mg/dl, P < 0.0001) than Arizona Pimas. Only two women (11%) and one man (6%) had NIDDM, contrasting with the expected prevalences of 37 and 54% in female and male Arizona Pimas, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary investigation shows that obesity, and perhaps NIDDM, is less prevalent among people of Pima heritage living a “traditional” lifestyle than among Pimas living in an “affluent” environment. These findings suggest that, despite a similar potential genetic predisposition to these conditions, a traditional lifestyle, characterized by a diet including less animal fat and more complex carbohydrates and by greater energy expenditure in physical labor, may protect against the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors, obesity, and NIDDM.

Adiabatic regularization of the energy momentum tensor of a quantized field in homogeneous spaces

Abstract: In the theory of a quantized scalar field interacting with the classical Einstein gravitational field, the formal expression for the energy-momentum tensor has infinite expectation values. We propose a procedure for defining, in certain cosmological models, suitable finite expectation values of this tensor, when the mass of the scalar matter field does not vanish. Our method uses the decomposition of the scalar field into modes permitted by the symmetry of the models. The identification of the divergent terms, which are to be subtracted mode by mode from the formal tensor, follows in a natural manner from the identification of physically relevant creation and annihilation operators under conditions of arbitrarily slow (adiabatic) time dependence of the metric. The extension of the results to periods of strong time dependence is accomplished with the aid of the requirement that the four-divergence of the regularized energy-momentum tensor remain zero at all times. The energy-momentum tensor obtained by adiabatic regularization is the same as that obtained by the $n$-wave regularization procedure of Zel'dovich and Starobinsky, although the two methods are conceptually quite different. In this paper we apply the adiabatic-regularization method to the minimally coupled scalar field with positive mass in the Robertson-Walker universes. Later papers will concern extensions to conformal coupling, anisotropic metrics, and massless fields, as well as a possible physical interpretation of the regularization procedure in terms of renormalization of coupling constants in Einstein's equation.