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Showing papers by "University of Wollongong published in 1982"


Book
13 Sep 1982
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a non-linear model for the Lynx data and showed that the nonlinear model can be used to estimate the likelihood of an RCA model.
Abstract: 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Introduction.- Appendix 1.1.- Appendix 1.2.- 2 Stationarity and Stability.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Singly-Infinite Stationarity.- 2.3 Doubly-Infinite Stationarity.- 2.4 The Case of a Unit Eigenvalue.- 2.5 Stability of RCA Models.- 2.6 Strict Stationarity 37 Appendix 2.1.- 3 Least Squares Estimation of Scalar Models.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 The Estimation Procedure.- 3.3 Strong Consistency and the Central Limit Theorem.- 3.4 The Consistent Estimation of the Covariance Matrix of the Estimates.- Appendix 3.1.- Appendix 3.2.- 4 Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Scalar Models.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The Maximum Likelihood Procedure.- 4.3 The Strong Consistency of the Estimates.- 4.4 The Central Limit Theorem.- 4.5 Some Practical Aspects.- Appendix 4.1.- Appendix 4.2.- 5 A Monte Carlo Study.- 5.1 Simulation and Estimation Procedures.- 5.2 First and Second Order Random Coefficient Autoregressions.- 5.3 Summary.- 6 Testing the Randomness of the Coefficients.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The Score Test.- 6.3 An Alternative Test.- 6.4 Power Comparisons 108 Appendix 6.1.- Appendix 6.1.- 7 The Estimation of Multivariate Models.- 7.1 Preliminary.- 7.2 The Least Squares Estimation Procedure.- 7.3 The Asymptotic Properties of the Estimates.- 7.4 Maximum Likelihood Estimation.- 7.5 Conclusion.- Appendix 7.1.- 8 An Application.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 A Non-Linear Model for the Lynx Data.- References.- Author And Subject Index.

437 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors describes the morphology, sequential development and general sedimentology of concave-bank benches on the Murrumbidgee River of southeastern Australia, and also notes their important role in floodplain formation on certain meandering rivers in western Canada.
Abstract: This paper describes the morphology, sequential development and general sedimentology of concave-bank benches on the Murrumbidgee River of southeastern Australia, and also notes their important role in floodplain formation on certain meandering rivers in western Canada. Benches form against the concave bank (cut-bank) of abruptly curving bends immediately upstream of the point of maximum curvature. As a result of flow deflection against the upstream limb of the convex bank, the channel widens here and produces a zone of expanded flow facilitating flow separation near the upstream limb of the concave bank. Sedimentation within this zone starts with a longitudinal-shaped bar of medium sand forming a platform isolated even at low flow by a narrow secondary channel against the concave bank. Aggradation of the longitudinal-shaped bar with fine sand, mud and organic matter permits the establishment of trees. Further sedimentation, particularly around the young trees, results in the formation of a fully developed bench isolated by the secondary channel from the remainder of the floodplain only during high flows. Observations on confined meandering rivers in western Canada provide evidence of substantial floodplain formation by concave-bank bench accretion, a process distinctly different in character to the more familiar mechanism of lateral point-bar accretion. Furthermore, the preservation of abundant organic debris means that extensive bench deposits may be a source of locally useful natural gas from within floodplain sediments.

133 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Patients interviewed during hospitalization at the onset of chronic illness were found to be experiencing considerable emotional arousal, and multivariate analysis of variance indicated that patients experienced significantly more anxiety, depression, and directly and indirectly expressed anger, as well as positive feelings.

95 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the bubble impulse is defined and shown to be an important indicator of the nature of collapse in the vicinity of finite impedance surfaces and useful parametric descriptions of surface inertia and stiffness have been found.
Abstract: Results from recent theoretical and experimental studies of the interaction of pulsating bubbles with nearby deformable surfaces are presented. The bubble impulse is defined and shown to be an important indicator of the nature of collapse. Experiments have revealed an entirely new form of collapse in the vicinity of finite impedance surfaces and useful parametric descriptions of surface inertia and stiffness have been found.

91 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1982-Fuel
TL;DR: The first detailed chemical analysis of an Australian shale oil was carried out by as discussed by the authors using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify 500 compounds, including homologous series of straight-chain alkanes, 1-, 2-and 3-alkenes, nitriles, methyl ketones, amides and substituted cyclopentanes, cyclohexanes, benzenes, naphthalenes, pyridines and quinolines.

87 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aging of three copper-based shape memory alloys was studied by measuring the time dependence of hardness, martensitic transformation temperatures, lattice parameters, and shape memory capability at temperatures in the range 200 to 450°C as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Aging of three copper-based shape memory alloys was studied by measuring the time dependence of hardness, martensitic transformation temperatures, lattice parameters, and shape memory capability at temperatures in the range 200 to 450°C. The ultimate loss of the shape memory effect in each alloy was preceded by changes in the other properties which resulted from thermally activated processes having activation energies in the range 60 to 80 kJ mol-1. At temperatures above about 300°C the aging process involved the eventual formation of α and γ2 phases. Although the activation energy appears to be insensitive to temperature and alloy composition, at lower temperatures other thermally activated processes, such as change in the type or degree of order, may, at least in the initial stages, be significant aging phenomena.

79 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a procedure using only fundamental physico-chemical data is developed for the design and analysis of packed columns used for solvent recovery in gas purification processes involving chemical reaction, and the results of 173 experiments on the mass transfer performance of a pilot-scale regenerator stripping CO2 from loaded monoethanolamine solutions are reported and compared with model predictions.
Abstract: A procedure using only fundamental physico-chemical data is developed for the design and analysis of packed columns used for solvent recovery in gas purification processes involving chemical reaction. The results of 173 experiments on the mass transfer performance of a pilot-scale regenerator stripping CO2 from loaded monoethanolamine solutions are reported and compared with model predictions. Anomolous responses of the overall mass transfer coefficient to changes in process conditions are observed and explained by the process model which is found to predict correctly both the magnitude of the coefficient and its response.

78 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The majority of the world's oil and gas deposits have been discovered by drilling in the vicinity of natural petroleum seeps, and to date the most successful geochemical prospecting methods still rely upon the surface detection of hydrocarbons.

69 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, trace element contents for pyrite from a range of sulfide mineral occurrences in the Kangiara region, eastern Australia, illustrate two main groups of pyrites.

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of this research was to examine the mediating roles played by a range of biographic and illness-related factors in preferences for strategies for coping with chronic illness, and found preferences for action and control strategies were associated with patient- related factors.

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mathematical relationship between alternative measures of occupational and industrial segregation is explored in this article, where several theorems are proven which expose some fallacies regarding the two most common measures and establish a link between them.
Abstract: The mathematical relationship between alternative measures of occupational and industrial segregation is explored. Several theorems are proven which expose some fallacies regarding the two most common measures and establish a link between them. A new index is introduced which measures the extent of the compound effect of segregation by occupation and industry. Indices of segregation are calculated from Commonwealth Census data from 1891 to 1976. Estimation of log-linear equations indicate that segregation by sex is declining; the rate of decrease, however, is slowing down and substantial changes in segregation before the year 2001 are unlikely if past trends continue.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of four beaches in Broken Bay, Australia, representing these morphological extremes, four facts become obvious: reflective foreshores have rapid variaiton in foreshore grain size alongshore (mean settling velocity changes greater than 0.3 log 10 cm/sec/km, grain-size changes less than 1 mm/km).
Abstract: Beach morphology, wave-current dynamics, or sediment attributes such as grain-size changes and sorting processes intrinsically characterize each other. The extreme cases of the morphological spectrum include reflective beaches which are steep and devoid of inshore topographic expression or surf-zone circulation, and dissipative beaches which are flat and have inshore barred topography with attendant longshore currents and rips. For a study of four beaches in Broken Bay, Australia, representing these morphological extremes, four facts become obvious. First, reflective beaches have rapid variaiton in foreshore grain size alongshore (mean settling velocity changes greater than 0.3 log10 cm/sec/km, grain-size changes greater than 0.2 mm/km) whereas dissipative beaches have weak r variation (mean settling velocity changes approximate 0.1 log10 cm/sec/km, grain-size changes less than 0.1 mm/km). Second, the pattern on reflective foreshores remains fixed over time whereas the pattern on dissipative foreshores varies to the point that size gradients can reverse direction within one year. Third, this temporal variation reflects the directional width of the incoming wave spectra and not changes in the level of wave power. Reflective beaches have waves approaching almost shore-normal because of the nullification of deep-water variation by wave refraction or by the sheltering effects of headlands. Wave approach on dissipative beaches varies daily, and the beach planform and sediment must respond over time to this variation. Fourth, grain size changes fit one of two postulates. The "energy" postulate states that grain size and sorting increase along a foreshore as energy increases. The "drift" postulate states that grain size increases downdrift. The "energy" postulate is more appropriate on reflective beaches whereas the "drift" postulate accounts for the difference in the magnitude of grain-size changes alongshore between reflective and dissipative beaches. On reflective foreshores, coarse material is naturally concentration at the base of the swash zone because of gravity effects or shear sorting in backwash. Larger grains here move faster alongshore than finer ones near the top of the foreshore because longshore currents at the base of the swash are stronger than the zigzag motion of swash drift further up the beach face. This drift sorti g produces strong longshore size gradings on the foreshore. This effect is negated on dissipative beaches by swash bore transport of coarse grains upslope, by dilution with inshore sediment that has undergone preferential movement of fines alongshore in suspension, and by locally reversed longshore currents near rips.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of strictly stationary solutions to a class of bilinear equations were derived, extending the results obtained by Tong (1981) and Quinn (1982).
Abstract: . Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of strictly stationary solutions to a class of bilinear equations are derived, extending the results obtained by Tong (1981) and Quinn (1982).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Papkovich-Neuber solution of the Stokes' flow equations for a viscous incompressible flow at very low Reynolds numbers is derived using three alternative approaches.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1982
TL;DR: In this article, measurements of 18 closely spaced beach profiles spanning Warilla Beach, NSW over a 5-year period have been examined for alongshore exchanges in beachface configuration Horizontal slices of beach corresponding with berm, upper swash, upper and lower intertidal zones were examined by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis.
Abstract: Measurements of 18 closely spaced beach profiles spanning Warilla Beach, NSW, over a 5‐year period have been examined for alongshore exchanges in beachface configuration Horizontal slices of beach corresponding with berm, upper swash, upper and lower intertidal zones were examined by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis The first four EOF's for each of the four slices contain over 90% of the total variance for each slice In each instance the first eigen‐function mode represents the onshore‐offshore component of beach response, and accounts for 50 to 60% of the variance Subsequent modes describe alongshore exchange of sediment associated with large, standing, cellular water circulations of the embayment Sediment shunts along each horizontal slice are determined by identification of nodal points in the eigen‐functions These represent pivotal points through which sediment is transferred The patterns of exchange vary considerably from slice to slice, reflecting change in the dominan

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a probabilistic model for the progression of failure in a soil slope is presented, where failure progression is defined as a spatial and continuous extension of the failure zone along a potential slip surface in a statistically homogeneous medium.
Abstract: A probabilistic model for the progression of failure in a soil slope is presented. Failure progression is defined as a spatial and continuous extension of the failure zone along a potential slip surface in a statistically homogeneous medium. The local safety margin of any segment of the slip surface is assumed to follow a normal distribution; cohesive and frictional parameters of shear strength being considered as independent random variables. The joint distribution of the safety margin of any two adjacent segments of the slip surface is assumed to be bivariate normal. After defining the model and outlining the rules of transition, expressions for the probability of failure progression are derived. The model and its formulation are illustrated by a worked example and the significance of the proposed model is discussed. The suggested approach to the study of progressive failure gives insight into the interdependence of the stability of adjacent elements or sections of a soil mass. Consequently, it is potentially valuable in clarifying the real behavior of soil masses and expecially slopes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By making the moving direction of each disc explicit in the representation, a bit-string so constructed can be used to drive the Tower of Hanoi algorithm.
Abstract: By making the moving direction of each disc explicit in the representation, a bit-string so constructed can be used to drive the Tower of Hanoi algorithm. The behaviour of disc moves is further analysed based on the bit-string representation. It has been shown that the bit-string for moving n discs can be used to generate successively the Gray codes of n bits.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dunaliella tertiolecta was disrupted mechanically and resolved by centrifugation into chloroplast- and cytosol-enriched fractions, and the two reversible steps of the glycerol cycle were found to be spatially separated.
Abstract: Dunaliella tertiolecta was disrupted mechanically and resolved by centrifugation into chloro­plast- and cytosol-enriched fractions. Intact chloroplasts could not be isolated because peripheral extensions of the single large chloroplast reached almost to the flagellar pole of the cell. The chloroplast envelope was closely appressed to the plasmalemma and, because of this and its dimensions, was vulnerable to mechanical damage to the cell.Distribution of enzymes of the glycerol cycle between the two fractions was compared with that of two marker enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (cytosol) and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (chloroplast). The two reversible steps of the cycle were found to be spatially separated; glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD-specific) was located in the chloroplast whereas glycerol dehydrogenase (NADP-specific) was located in the cytosol. The distribution of the two irreversible enzymes, glycerol phosphate phosphatase and dihydroxyacetone kinase is uncertain. These enzymes might occur about equally in both major compartments (cytoplasm and chloroplast) or be mitochondrial or they might be loosely associated with a membrane system. Implications of these results for regulation of the glycerol cycle are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of river terraces is attributed to fluctuations in climate, sea level or tectonic activity, and it is argued that they can form when critical thresholds intrinsic to an alluvial system are exceeded.
Abstract: Summary The formation of river terraces is generally attributed to fluctuations in climate, sea level or tectonic activity. In this study we argue that they can form when critical thresholds intrinsic to an alluvial system are exceeded. This conclusion is drawn from a comparative study of ancient terrace deposits and modern floodplains, rather than from an attempt to fit terrace sequences into a climatic chronology. While climatic change cannot be ignored, it is the character of the terrace deposits, especially their stratigraphy, which provides the key for deciphering stream history. Variations in types of floodplains, which can be explained in terms of the character of contemporary depositional environments, are virtually identical to those which can be seen in Holocene and Pleistocene terraces throughout this region.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed simplified theoretical models of flow patterns due to microorganisms, or tracts of ciliated epithelia, to help enhance our understanding of the mechanisms creating these patterns.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For the general linear coupled system of partial differential equations arising in the theory of diffusion in media with double diffusivity, simple uniqueness criteria and a method of solution of boundary value problems are established in this article.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a central problem area in educational psychology is discussed, namely programming generalisation, and a solution to this problem is presented. But it is not discussed in detail.
Abstract: (1982). Programming generalisation: a central problem area in educational psychology. Educational Psychology: Vol. 2, No. 3-4, pp. 231-248.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There were differences in the periods of most rapid net synthesis, those for «vicilin» and most albumins preceding those for three forms of legumin, which support the removal of Cicer L. from the Vicieae to Cicereae.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the necessity for evaluative reviews, their parameters (including their scope and initiation, the levels at which they are conducted, the composition of review committees, information for evaluation reviews, completion of the review process) and the implementation of review recommendations.
Abstract: This article addresses issues raised by the conduct of evaluative review processes in the context of public policies. Some examples and outcomes of evaluative reviewing are discussed. The first sections deal with: the necessity for evaluative reviews, their parameters (including their scope and initiation, the levels at which they are conducted, the composition of review committees, information for evaluative reviews, completion of the review process) and the implementation of review recommendations. The significance is examined of evaluative reviews in universities for public policy, inter-institutional and intra-institutional arrangements and for the activities of individual staff members. It is concluded that if universities are to avoid having dramatic change imposed on them by governments through control of finances, they should initiate a continuous review of their role, structure and function designed to maintain access to and the quality of university education.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the sediment budget for the subaerial beach at Warilla, New South Wales, has been monitored for 5 yrs by fortnightly surveys at 18 closely spaced beach profile stations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Austenite containing 0.80 pct C, 0.77 pct Mn is shown to transform isothermally to both pearlite and upper bainite at temperatures between 400 and 600 °C according to independent overlapping C-curves in the isothermal transformation diagram.
Abstract: Austenite containing 0.80 pct C, 0.77 pct Mn is shown to transform isothermally to both pearlite and upper bainite at temperatures between 400 and 600 °C according to independent overlapping C-curves in the isothermal transformation diagram.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used Fourier analysis to study the propagation characteristics of the shelf waves in the ocean and in the beach water table at South Beach, Wollongong, Australia.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The survey finding of normal Pb B levels in the presence of elevated Pb A concen‐trations may be the result of PbA existing in insoluble forms.
Abstract: Blood lead levels (Pb B) were determined in 398 schoolchildren of varying ages living and attending school within close proximity of a smelter at Port Kembla. The air lead (Pb A) concentrations in the area had been recorded by three monitors, two of which recorded levels exceeding the safe air quality standard endorsed by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of 1.5 micrograms/m3. Blood lead levels in children in this study were found to be below 1.45 mumol/L, the maximum safe Pb B level as set by the NHMRC for individual children. The findings of this study were compared and discussed with other studies carried out in Australia. The survey finding of normal Pb B levels in the presence of elevated Pb A concentrations may be the result of Pb A existing in insoluble forms.