Showing papers by "University of Wollongong published in 1983"
TL;DR: The sources of ascending input to the medial geniculate body of the cat were studied using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase to provide evidence for multiple parallel auditory pathways through the thalamus.
Abstract: The sources of ascending input to the medial geniculate body (MGB) of the cat were studied using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP injections were made iontophoretically through micropipettes which were also used to record physiological properties at the injection sites. This technique produced small injections which appeared to be restricted to single subnuclei. The tectothalamic projection of the auditory system was found to consist of at least four distinct and separate pathways. The ventral division of the MGB receives a topographical projection from the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) which preserves tonotopicity and provides short latency, sharply frequency-tuned responses. The medial part of the ICC projects to the deep dorsal nucleus, which contains only units tuned to high frequencies. The major inputs to the caudodorsal nucleus (DC) stem from nucleus sagulum and the pericentral nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICP). Units in DC and the ventrolateral nucleus, which also receive input from ICP, have very broad tuning properties and late, habituating responses. Injections of HRP into the medial division (MGM) produced labeled cells scattered throughout the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus and the ventral part of ICC. This widespread input is reflected in the wide range of auditory responses found in MGM. Auditory responses in the suprageniculate nucleus were poorly defined and many units did not respond to tonal stimuli; following HRP injections no filled cells were found in the inferior colliculus, but labeled cells were found in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus and in the interstitial nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus. Together with recent findings on the auditory thalamocortical projection, these results provide evidence for multiple parallel auditory pathways through the thalamus.
262 citations
TL;DR: It is found that definite boundaries can be determined at which there is a distinct change in response properties; the position of these “physiological boundaries” seems to correspond with the boundaries between the seven subnuclei of the MGB described by Morest.
Abstract: Single unit responses were recorded in the medial geniculate body (MGB) of anesthetized cats. In response to acoustical stimulation the properties of response latency, discharge pattern, frequency tuning, binaural interaction, and habituation were examined to allow an appraisal of the differentiation of the MGB by electrophysiological means. It is found that definite boundaries can be determined at which there is a distinct change in response properties; the position of these “physiological boundaries” seems to correspond with the boundaries between the seven subnuclei of the MGB described by Morest (Morest, D. K. (1964) J. Anat. 98: 611–630) in Golgi-stained material. Using these physiological boundaries to determine unit locations, population comparisons are made allowing the description of each subnucleus in terms of its auditory response properties. It is suggested that these properties, together with the limited information gained from Nissl cytoarchitecture, are sufficient to describe the location of physiological recording sites in the MGB.
224 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, content analysis of verbal communications is used to assess the psychological states of individuals, based on the assumption that the language in which people choose to express themselves contains information about the nature of their psychological states.
Abstract: The focus of many psychologists today is not so much on the traits and long-term characteristics of the people who participate in our research as on their reactions to events and situations. Psychologists are concerned with changing transitory psychological states, but have not yet developed fully effective techniques for their assessment. Content analysis of verbal communications can be helpful in assessing such states. Content analysis is based on the assumption that the language in which people choose to express themselves contains information about the nature of their psychological states. This assumption implies a representational or descriptive model of language, in contrast to the instrumental or functional model preferred, for example, by Mahl [1]. Content analysis can be applied only to verbal, not to nonverbal communications. However, although content analysis cannot be applied to nonverbal communications, inferences can be made about people’s states through objective and systematic identification of specified characteristics of their verbal communications [2, 3]. Content analysis of verbal communications is a way of listening to and interpreting people’s communicated accounts of events. When agreement between independent interpretations is achieved, the essential requirement of scientific endeavor (intersubjective agreement) is met [4].
158 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the composition of a shale oil to the petrology of the parent organic matter and the mineralogy of the inorganic matrix using gas chromatography and found that the retort oils were both highly aliphatic (H C = 1.7 ).
94 citations
TL;DR: The massive sandstone is a common facies in the Hawkesbury Sandstone, a Triassic formation attributed to deposition by a large braided river as mentioned in this paper, and is associated with deformed cross-strata, formed by progressive loss of lamination during mass movement down foreset slopes.
Abstract: Massive sandstone is a common facies in the Hawkesbury Sandstone, a Triassic formation attributed to deposition by a large braided river. The massive sandstone occurs as sheets and in elongate depressions trending perpendicular to the paleoslope, as indicated by the unidirectional mean orientation of abundant cross-strata. Some of the depressions filled with massive sandstone also contain angular mudstone intraclasts, up to several meters in length. Massive sandstone is also associated with deformed cross-strata, formed by progressive loss of lamination during mass movement down foreset slopes. Foreset failure is attributed to liquefaction due to falling water level, or to collapse of adjacent mud banks. The latter mechanism resulted in rapid loading of bedform foresets, and introduce large mudclasts into the massive sand. Sand and mudclasts accumulated in transverse scours at the foot of the foreset slopes, but also travelled along the scours, or spilled out to form massive sheet sands. The abundance of massive sandstone in the Hawkesbury Sandstone is attributed to deposition in a large river, in which flood stage bedforms were probably up to 15 m high. Because of the size of the bedforms, large volumes of liquefied sand were generated when foreset slopes failed.
71 citations
TL;DR: Fischer assay shale oil from the Condor oil shale deposit at Proserpine, Queensland, was chemically separated into 20 fractions and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as discussed by the authors.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a semi-analytical procedure is employed for the problem of freezing a saturated liquid inside a spherical container and including the effect of radiation at the container surface, which gives rise to successive estimates of the time rc for complete solidification of the sphere.
61 citations
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: A growing number of social historians and sociologists of science have come to think of scientific knowledge as a "contingent cultural product, which cannot be separated from the social context in which it is produced" as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A growing number of social historians and sociologists of science have come to think of scientific knowledge as a ‘contingent cultural product, which cannot be separated from the social context in which it is produced’, and they have begun to explore the possibility of there being direct ‘external’ or what are generally regarded as ‘non-scientific’ influences on the content of what scientists consider to be genuine knowledge.2 In their view, scientific assertions are ‘socially created and not directly given by the physical world as previously supposed’.3 This is not to assert that science is merely a matter of convention — that the external world does not constrain scientific conclusions — but rather that scientific knowledge ‘offers an account of the physical world which is mediated through available cultural resources; and these resources are in no way definitive’.4
51 citations
TL;DR: A sixteen-year record of beach-width change at six profile stations on Scarborough Beach, in the Perth Metropolitan Area of Western Australia, was analysed by Eliot and colleagues as mentioned in this paper, who described long-term beach progradation, measured over the sixteen years, and identified cyclic beach changes with periods of 0.5, 1.0, 3.5 and 7.0 yrs.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of MRD CI treatments were used to estimate the energy of a small fraction of the total configuration space (order 17049 versus 132686) and the perturbative methods employed are of quite general applicability and are seen to provide high overall accuracy.
42 citations
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: The psychological states found to accompany greater death-related concerns among ill people proved to represent both the adaptive and the dislocative processes of mourning.
Abstract: Personal construct psychology was used to generate a set of questions about concerns about death among severely ill people. Answers to these questions were provided by content analyses of the responses of a large group of ill people to an open-ended question about their current experiences. Comparison of their responses with those of a similar group of well people indicated that they expressed more concerns about death. More death-related concerns were reported by those ill people who were facing surgery rather than those who were not, those whose illnesses were acute rather than chronic, and those who were interviewed while in the hospital rather than at home. Gender, age, marital status, and educational attainment were all considered predictors of death-related concerns; but none was found to be significant, nor were concerns about death observed to vary according to illness type. The psychological states found to accompany greater death-related concerns among ill people proved to represent bot...
TL;DR: A theoretical fluid dynamical model of ovum transport in the Oviduct incorporating transport mechanisms due to ciliary activity, muscular activity and an applied pressure drop across the oviduct is developed.
Book•
01 Jan 1983TL;DR: In this article, a sociological investigation of the natural sciences is presented, which deals with the institutionalization of the scientific research and with patterns of meaning and action which constitute science, based on the assumption that scientific research has a social dimension which extends through the actions and consciousness of scientists.
Abstract: This book is a sociological investigation of the natural sciences. More precisely, the book deals with the institutionalization of the scientific research — that is to say, with patterns of meaning and action which constitute science. The basic assumption behind this analysis is that scientific research has a social dimension which extends through the actions and consciousness of scientists. Whilst this book is generally concerned with a number of different aspects of the social nature of science the phrase ‘social construction’ has been chosen to emphasise the way that science is produced by individuals working together within specific cultural contexts. The title also indicates a debt to Berger and Luckmann’s famous book, The Social Construction of Reality. That book provided a considerable stimulus to get on with work in what is still one of the most difficult areas for sociological analysis — the physical sciences. Indeed, the idea that reality is somehow ‘constructed’ remains as an inspirational thought for me.
TL;DR: In this article, a 1.2-mu filter was used to detect the presence of dissolved gold in water samples, with concentrations ranging from < or = 0.3 to 2.5 parts per trillion.
Abstract: 70 water samples. Dissolved gold discriminated from particulate gold by filtration through a 1.2-mu filter. The particulate gold concentrations showed excessive scatter, which made their use for locating gold anomalies unpromising. Dissolved gold occurred in concentrations ranging from < or =0.3 to 2.5 parts per trillion to as high as 130 parts per trillion. The limit of detection of the analytic method was 0.3 parts per trillon.--Modified journal abstract.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for the determination of gold at very low levels in waters is presented, which involves batchwise pre-concentration of gold from 1 l of water at pH 3-4 onto 0.1 g of activated charcoal by shaking 5 min and subsequent treatment of the activated charcoal using instrumental neutron activationγ-spectrometry.
TL;DR: Seed proteins fromCicer arietinum L.,C.
Abstract: Seed proteins fromCicer arietinum L.,C. reticulatumLadiz. andC. echinospermumDavis were extracted and separated into water soluble (albumin) and water insoluble (globulin) fractions. These were analysed using three polyacrylamide gel systems: uniform pore slab gels, gradient gels and SDS disc gels. For all three species, albumins constitute just over one-third of total protein. Minor differences in the composition of this fraction were observed. Within the globulin fraction, seven disulphide-linked polypeptides were found. Four of these resemble the major polypeptide of legumin, consisting of constant small subunit (21,000 daltons) linked to variable large subunit (46,000, 41,000, 39,000 or 36,000 daltons), forming polypeptides of 67,000 (I), 62,000 (II), 60,000 (III) and 57,000 (IV) daltons respectively. Polypeptide I was prominent in both wild species, but absent fromC. arietinum. Polypeptides II and III were equally prominent inC. arietinum andC. reticulatum. Polypeptide IV was more prominent inC. echinospermum, which was deficient in polypeptide III. Polypeptides V (45,000 daltons) and VI (43,000 daltons), apparently composed of two equal subunits, were present in trace amounts in both wild species, but well represented inC. arietinum Polypeptide VII of 45,000 daltons (31,000 + 14,000) was present in all three species.
TL;DR: The use of the fold test is an important test of stability of magnetization and is widely used in palaeomagnetic studies as mentioned in this paper, however, application of the test may be very complex.
Abstract: Summary Graham's fold test is an important test of stability of magnet- ization and is widely used in palaeomagnetic studies The change in dispersion of palaeomagnetic directions achieved by 'returning' layers to their original orientation can give an indication of the relationship between the time of deformation and of magnetization acquisition However, McElhinny's criteria for application of the test are regarded by McFadden & Jones to be inappro- priate Additionally, simple rotation of directions about the strike of the layer may not be a sufficient procedure The rock type and style (and amount) of deformation may often appreciably affect the orientation of a vector or magnetic direction during deformation Hence detailed observations are necessary to provide the basis of the steps used in applying the fold test Apparent failure of the test may not indicate the absence of pre-deformation stable magnetization in a rock Although Graham's fold test is important in palaeomagnetic (and related tectonic) investigations of deformed rocks, application of the test may be very complex
TL;DR: In this article, a first-order symmetry equation is derived; then variational calculus is used to construct energy functionals which establish that Hooke's law is inherent in the formalism and that naturally occurring shell geometries are analogous to those of elastic spiral “clock springs.
Abstract: Parametric Cartesian vector-valued functions are constructed for the purpose of systematically describing various features of spiral shell geometry. The underlying geometrical hypothesis is that molluscan shell shapes can usually, to at least a good first approximation, be developed by rotating a generating curve about a fixed axis whilst simultaneously diminishing it by an “equiangular spiral” scale factor. A first-order symmetry equation is derived; then variational calculus is used to construct energy functionals which establish that Hooke's law is inherent in the formalism and that naturally occurring shell geometries are analogous to those of elastic spiral “clock springs”. The biological requirement that shelly structures must exist in a three-dimensional space is shown to be a sufficiently powerful mathematical constraint to ensure the existence of geometrical artifacts which can, perhaps, be likened to the conservation laws, pseudoforces, and fields of classical physics.
TL;DR: A second Australian family with the genetic disease Hawkinsinuria has been identified and it is thought that quinolacetic acid is accumulated as a by-product of the partially defective enzyme, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of experiments on beds of ternary mixtures of 2, 1 and 0.5 mm spherical glass beads under laminar flow conditions were presented in the form of a diagram of isopermeabilities from which the standard permeability of any mixture in the teranary system used can be read off directly.
TL;DR: Serine was more prominent in young hulls, mature embryos and seedcoats and embryo sac liquid than in field pea, while arginine was less prominent in the maturing cotyledons and the embryo axis.
Abstract: Summary
Changes in the free amino acid and amide composition of the developing hull and component parts of the seeds of garden pea, Pisum sativum cv. Melbourne Market, have been recorded. Major differences observed in comparison with field pea include the absence of O-acetyl homoserine as a prominent component in the hull or seedcoats and the absence of an increase in the relative proportion of asparagine in ageing seedcoats or maturing embryos. Serine was more prominent in young hulls, mature embryos and seedcoats and embryo sac liquid than in field pea, while arginine was less prominent in the maturing cotyledons and the embryo axis.
TL;DR: During embryo development there is no clear division into a period of albumin synthesis followed by aperiod of globulin synthesis; polypeptides representing both fractions were present from the earliest stage analysed, 7 days after anthesis.
TL;DR: Heart mitochondria from reptiles and mammals showed 2-fold differences in the activity of their enzymes per mg of mitochondrial protein yet showed very similar mitochondrial surface areas per cm3 of mitochondria.
TL;DR: A new topological sorting algorithm is formulated using the parallel computation approach and a synchronization of all processors is proposed to avoid contention for logical resources.
Abstract: A new topological sorting algorithm is formulated using the parallel computation approach. The time complexity of this algorithm is of the order of the longest distance between a source node and a sink node in an acyclic digraph representing the partial orderings between elements. An implementation of this algorithm with an SIMD machine is discussed. To avoid contention for logical resources, a synchronization of all processors is proposed and its performance is also discussed.
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material as mentioned in this paper, and higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and inferences involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form.
Abstract: University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong.
TL;DR: An iterative solution to the generalized Towers of Hanoi problem, and its derivation are presented and an analysis of the iterative algorithm is discussed.
Abstract: An iterative solution to the generalized Towers of Hanoi problem, and its derivation are presented. In this generalization, one or more towers, consisting of a total ofn discs, are given as an initial legal configuration, and the task is to move them to a specified peg under the usual restrictions. An analysis of the iterative algorithm is also discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the average high-tide wave run-up position measured accurate to ±2.5 m from oblique and vertical photographs was used to study change for the whole of Stanwell Park beach, New South Wales, Australia for the period 1895-1980 (Fig. 1).
Abstract: Coastal erosion is a problem of increasing concern that affects 60% of the world's sandy coastline1. This erosion has been attributed to increased storminess, tectonic subsidence, eustatic sea-level rise, decreased shoreward sediment movement from the shelf, permanent longshore leakage of sediment from beach compartments, shifts in global pressure belts resulting in changes in the directional component of wave climates, and human interference2,3. No one explanation has worldwide applicability because all factors vary in importance regionally. Evaluation of factors is complicated by a lack of accurate, continuous, long-term erosional data. Historical map evidence spanning 100–1,000 yr has been used in a few isolated areas4–7; however, temporal resolution has not been sufficient to evaluate the effect of climatic variables. Air photographic evidence8 is restricted to the past 40 yr, and often suffers from insufficient ground control for accurate mapping over time. Ground surveying of beaches was rarely carried out before 1960 and is often discontinuous in time and space. I have resolved the problems of temporal and spatial continuity by studying change for the whole of Stanwell Park beach, New South Wales, Australia for the period 1895–1980 (Fig. 1). I report here that using the average high-tide wave run-up position measured accurate to ±2.5 m from oblique and vertical photographs, changes could be linked to regional sea-level variation and a globally significant climatic variable, the Southern Oscillation (SO).
01 Mar 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, the loci of the dominant eigenvalues of the system equations plotted as functions of the values of various design parameters of the machines were analyzed and shown that, by appropriate design, certain areas of instability may be reduced or removed and the response improved, but that it is not possible, by design changes alone, to remove all such unstable areas, nor can the response be improved in all areas simultaneously.
Abstract: Doubly-fed cascade-connected induction machines (CCIMs), whether mounted in a single frame or otherwise, are capable of developing useful torque as brushless synchronous machines over a wide speed range. Such machines exhibit instability within certain regions of operation and may be insufficiently damped within others. This paper presents some of the loci of the dominant eigenvalues of the system equations plotted as functions of the values of various design parameters of the machines. It is shown that, by appropriate design, certain areas of instability may be reduced or removed and the response improved, but that it is not possible, by design changes alone, to remove all such unstable areas, nor can the response be improved in all areas simultaneously.