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Showing papers by "University of Wollongong published in 1985"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a partir de chloro-5 hydroxy-2 benzophenone, diamino-1,2 benzene and salicylaldehydes substitues is used for preparation of bases de Schiff tetradentees.
Abstract: Preparation de bases de Schiff tetradentees a partir de chloro-5 hydroxy-2 benzophenone, diamino-1,2 benzene et salicylaldehydes substitues. Synthese des complexes de Cu et Ni. Structures cristallines

242 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Mitochondrial volume density from this present study would appear to be the major factor involved in changing weight specific metabolism of tissues both as a result of changes in body size and in the evolution of endothermy in mammals from reptiles.
Abstract: The effects of body size and phylogeny on metabolic capacities were examined by comparing the mitochondrial capacities of 6 mammalian and 4 reptilian species representing 100-fold body weight ranges. The mammals examined included 3 eutherian, 2 marsupial and a monotreme species and the reptiles 2 saurian, 1 crocodilian and 1 testudine species. The tissues examined were liver, kidney, brain, heart, lung and skeletal muscle. Allometric equations were derived for tissue weights, mitochondrial volume densities, internal mitochondrial membrane surface area densities, tissue mitochondrial membrane surface areas both per gram and per total tissue and summated tissue mitochondrial membrane surface areas. For the mammals and reptiles studied a 100% increase in body size resulted in average increases of 68% in internal organ size and 107% in skeletal muscle mass. Similarly, total organ mitochondrial membrane surface areas increase in mammals and reptiles by an average 54% and for skeletal muscle by an average 96%. These values are similar to increases in standard (54 and 71%) and maximum (73 and 77%) organismal metabolism values found by other authors for mammals and reptiles respectively. Although the allometric exponents (or rates of change with increasing body size) of the mitochondrial parameters in mammals and reptiles are statistically the same, in general the total amount of mitochondrial membrane surface area in the mammalian tissues are four times greater than found in the reptilian tissues. These differences were not the result of any single ‘quantum’ factor but are the result of the mammals having relatively larger tissues with a greater proportion of their volume occupied by mitochondria and to a lesser extent increases in the internal mitochondrial membrane surface area densities. Mitochondrial volume density from this present study would appear to be the major factor involved in changing weight specific metabolism of tissues both as a result of changes in body size and in the evolution of endothermy in mammals from reptiles.

139 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, in-bin segregation, flow pattern and discharge segregation of ternary mixtures of ore and coke were described in a model Paul Wurth hopper, where measuring techniques used include heap freezing, tracer addition, contour mapping and screen analyses.

78 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mutagenicity of 24 metal salts was investigated in plate incorporation and fluctuation assays with Salmonella TA strains or Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA pKm 101, indicating the importance of this technique in detection of metal mutagens.

73 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The relevance of initial cis-platinum therapy in this management program is now being evaluated in a multicenter randomized trial.

72 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a wide range of decision frameworks for deriving flood mitigation strategies are reviewed, along with their relative adequacies and inadequacies, and an understanding reveals the directions along which the formulation of a more adequate framework should proceed.
Abstract: Literature from diverse sources such as public expenditure economics, management science, geography, agriculture, and engineering reveals a wide range of decision frameworks for deriving flood mitigation strategies. These different types of decision frameworks are reviewed in this paper. The aim is to provide an understanding of these frameworks, along with their relative adequacies and inadequacies. Such an understanding reveals the directions along which the formulation of a more adequate framework should proceed. However, the formulation of a given decision framework is influenced by the types of economic benefits associated with the flood mitigation measures considered in that framework. Hence the various flood mitigation measures are reviewed, prior to the various decision frameworks.

64 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described the distribution, magnitude and areal pattern of recurrence intervals for a very severe rainstorm centred over the West Dapto area of Wollongong in February 1984, and examined the impact of this storm on the channel geometry of streams draining the Illawarra escarpment.
Abstract: Summary This paper describes the distribution, magnitude and areal pattern of recurrence intervals for a very severe rainstorm centred over the West Dapto area of Wollongong in February 1984. It also examines the impact of this storm on the channel geometry of streams draining the Illawarra escarpment. The storm was the largest 24 hour rainfall ever recorded in temperate Australia, and was very likely in excess of the 200 year event for the Dapto area. However, the localised nature of such storms in the region suggests that Wollongong can expect a major flood (in excess of the 100 year event) somewhere within the city every 25–50 years. Similarly, because the catchment of Lake Illawarra is usually larger than the areal distribution of these very high‐intensity storm centres, the frequency of severe flooding in the lake is bound to be greater than the frequency of any individual storm event. The most pronounced channel erosion (up to a fourfold increase in channel size) resulting from the 1984 storm occurr...

63 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed study of the sieving kinetics of sinter particles (4-05 mm) is described using a batch sieving technique with continuous weighing of the undersize stream.

60 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aerosol particles (fume) from manual metal arc welding of stainless steel with E316L-16 electrodes were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

59 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The paper proposes the application of fuzzy set theory in assisting mining engineers in the geomechanics decision processes for which subjectivity plays an important role.

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the sources of reservoired liquid hydrocarbons in Australia differ substantially from their Northern Hemisphere counterparts and the concepts accepted as defining the hydrocarbon potential of source rocks have recently been challenged.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1985-Fuel
TL;DR: In this paper, aliphatic compounds (alkanes, alkenes, alkanoic acids, ketones, alcohols and amines) were passed through beds of spent oil shales (Condor brown, Condor carbonaceous, Julia Creek), minerals (quartz, calcite, K-feldspar, pyrite, kaolinite) and charcoal at temperatures of 300-600 °C and the products were analysed by g.c.m.s.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the H3 + ab initio potential energy surface and its analytical representation has been re-examined to promote more accurate vibration-rotation calculations, and a new and accurate 78 point PNO-CI grid is presented, which predicts the minimum energy geometry to be an equilateral triangle of side, r (H-H) = 1·6525 a 0.
Abstract: The H3 + ab initio potential energy surface and its analytical representation has been re-examined to promote more accurate vibration-rotation calculations. We present here a new and accurate 78 point PNO-CI grid which predicts the minimum energy geometry to be an equilateral triangle of side, r (H-H) = 1·6525 a 0. and energy of -1·34188 E h. Of the analytical representations only the sixth order Simons-Parr-Finlan (SPF) and Ogilvie force fields were found to satisfy our fitting criteria, resulting in associated errors of less than 11·1 kJ mol-1. Our calculated vibrational band origins are in good agreement with those of Carney and Porter, with the differences of the lowest-lying vibration states essentially reflecting the analytical characteristics of the potential energy surfaces used.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the general response of macerals to the coalification process, the effectiveness of organic geochemical and petrological parameters as estimators of coalification and the applicability of different microscopical parameters in the assessment of rank are reviewed.
Abstract: The general response of macerals to the coalification process, the effectiveness of organic geochemical and petrological parameters as estimators of coalification and the applicability of different microscopical parameters in the assessment of rank are reviewed. The central role of vitrinite reflectance as the most widely used estimator of coalification from brown coals to the low -grade metamorphic zone is established on the basis of its relatively uniform variation with rank, specificity, ease and rapidity of measurement and cheapness. Factors influencing the optical properties ofvitrinites are considered. Temperature has the dominant influence in modifying optical properties with rank, but time, static pressure and stress can all have significant influences upon the course of optical properties, depending upon particular geological conditions. Static pressure has a retarding effect on the coalification process, but it is also responsible for creating increasing anisotropy within the condensing aromatic structures as rank rises. Hydrostatic pressures and pore pressures can contribute to the overpressuring of sediments, thus affecting their thermal conductivities and consequently the rate of coalification. Stress is responsible for the development of biaxicity in the reflectance indicatrix. Fast and high levels of heating from igneous bodies cause textural effects on vitrinites as a result of carbonization that are quite different from those of coalification. Recognizing these different influences upon the optical properties of vitrinites, examples are given of the use and application of vitrinite reflectance in the preparation of rank maps, in the burial histories of basins, in the timing of coalification in relation to orogenesis and igneous activity and in the zones of anchimetamorphism and low-grade metamorphism. Consideration is also given to the problem of ‘provincialism ’ in correlations between chemical and physical parameters and to the future development of optical studies in organic petrology and their relation to organic geochemical investigations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a tactile sensor array de signed to provide sensory feedback for a robot manipulator system is described, which enables humans to distinguish between different materials based on how "cold" or "warm" they feel.
Abstract: This paper describes a new type of tactile sensor array de signed to provide sensory feedback for a robot manipulator system. It is modeled on the thermal touch sense, which enables humans to distinguish between different materials based on how "cold" or "warm" they feel. The essential parts of the sensor are a heat source and a thin layer of sili cone rubber with a 2 X 10 array of miniature thermistors embedded in its surface. Some results are presented that demonstrate the ability of thermal sensors to produce images of touched objects and to discriminate the different materials used in their construction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a continuous screening of ferrous sinter mixtures was studied in a laboratory screen (310 × 600) incorporating continuous weighing of the underflow and overlfow streams with the aim of checking the applicability of recent batch sieving results to continuous screening.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Kelly's theory of personal constructs has been applied to generate an explanation of the normal processes of grief and mourning, using widowhood as an example, and the psychological states characteristic of widowhood are viewed as manifestations of changes in parts of the widow's personal construct system.
Abstract: Kelly's theory of personal constructs has been applied to generate an explanation of the normal processes of grief and mourning, using widowhood as an example. The psychological states characteristic of widowhood–shock and numbness, stress, anger, anxiety, guilt, sadness, despair, hostility, idealization, depression, and psychological reorganization–are viewed as manifestations of changes in parts of the widow's personal construct system. These changes involve the processes of personal construct dislocation and adaptation. Dislocation refers to the real or apparent failure of the widow's construct system to embrace the new events associated with her husband's death. Adaptation involves two processes, assimilation and accommodation. This proposal of concurrent processes of personal construct dislocation and adaptation differs from the phase-oriented approaches to bereavement. It also encourages the widow's active coping with her bereavement reaction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article used census data from 1891 to 1981 to analyze the sources of changes in the Duncan and Duncan segregational index and found that shifts in the occupational mix of the economy and shifts in sex composition within specific occupations contributed to the general decline in segregation.
Abstract: Earlier studies have shown that Australian women are concentrated in a narrow range of occupations and that although occupational segregation has declined during the 20th century, the rate of decline is diminishing. This study uses census data from 1891 to 1981 to analyze the sources of changes in the Duncan and Duncan segregational index. It distinguishes changes in the index due to shifts in the occupational mix of the economy, and shifts in the sex composition within specific occupations. Both effects contributed to the general decline in segregation although the composition effect was quantitatively more important.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe effets immediats and des effets a long terme d'une intervention de crise sur des patients who avait ete declenchee par une hospitalisation: mise en evidence de la valeur preventive du ''counseling» d'urgence
Abstract: Description des effets immediats et des effets a long terme d'une intervention de crise sur des patients dont la situation de crise avait ete declenchee par une hospitalisation: mise en evidence de la valeur preventive du «counseling» d'urgence

Dissertation
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between the drama choices of teachers and the achievement of intended pupil outcomes, and investigated the respective influence of beliefs, behaviour and belief-behaviour consistency of teachers on the outcomes of pupils.
Abstract: A notable feature of drama in schools is that its purpose, practice and subsequent pupil outcomes are governed by the belief systems of teachers. Using a conceptual framework derived from belief systems theory, the aims of the present research were threefold. The first aim was to determine the nature of the Teacher Belief Climate in which drama in schools was deemed to operate. A sample of 235 primary teachers from 42 schools was invited to respond to belief statements about teaching, learning, drama and interpersonal relationships concerning immediate colleagues and pupils. The sample also indicated their actual and ideal drama choices. It was found that the teachers agreed on most in a series of given statements, but they failed to agree on the kinds of drama best suited to achieving their common educational intentions. Moreover, most teachers felt unable to pursue their ideal drama choices. The second aim of the research was to examine the relationship between the drama choices of teachers and the achievement of intended pupil outcomes. A sub-sample of 16 teachers was selected on the basis of professing to use either theatre or dramatic play; these particular options were found to be the most popular ideal drama choices of the total sample (n=235). It was found that certain members of the sub-sample of teachers were using drama exercise instead of dramatic play. As a consequence of this observation the number of drama options under scrutiny was increased from 2 to 3, that is, theatre, dramatic play and drama exercise. Interviews with the sub-sample revealed that, in spite of professing to use different kinds of drama, all members chose the same facets of personal and social development as their intended pupil outcomes. A pretest-posttest design was employed in order to determine gains and losses of pupils on indices of intended outcomes over a set period of time. Of the three kinds of drama employed only teachers of dramatic play managed to produce any significant pupil gains on outcomes. Teachers of drama exercise promoted significant pupil losses on creativity measures and teachers of theatre generated neither gains nor losses on pupil outcomes. The third aim of the work was to investigate the respective influence of beliefs, behaviour and belief-behaviour consistency of teachers on the outcomes of pupils. Responses to the Teacher Opinionnaire and classroom observations, made via the use of the Drama Inventory, were employed to group the sub-sample of 16 teachers according to their beliefs, behaviour and belief-behaviour consistency. Inspection of outcomes according to these teacher groupings showed that very few single elements of belief or behavior were associated with significant pupil change. However, specific combinations of belief-behaviour were found to be related to significant gains and losses of pupils. Combinations of teacher belief-behaviour associated with pupil success were more evident among teachers of dramatic play than those who used either of the other two options. In respect of pupil outcomes, it was more important for teachers of dramatic play to be consistent than teachers using other methods. The research also analysed profile characteristics of highest and lowest achieving teachers on each pupil outcome except self-esteem (where no significant changes had been evidenced). Besides reflecting the group findings outlined above, highest achieving teachers were found to possess relatively open belief systems, whereas lowest achieving teachers behaved as if they had closed belief systems. Overall, teachers who achieved their intended pupil outcomes had certain characteristics; they used dramatic play; they were consistent and they possessed relatively open belief systems. In contrast, teachers unable to meet their desired goals tended to employ theatre or drama exercise; they were often inconsistent and acted in accord with closed belief systems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preadolescent asthmatic children showed more depression and fewer good feelings than the younger children, and their characteristic pattern was dominated by indirectly expressed anger.
Abstract: Asthmatic children were matched with a group of nonasthmatic children for sex and age Scores on content analysis scales representing nine emotional elements on their reactions were compared Lack of emotional expression was hypothesized but not observed in the asthmatics The main pattern of reaction identified was of directly and indirectly expressed anger and statements of helplessness, yet many expressions of competence and good feelings This pattern did not vary according to sex or grade of the children, but only according to age Preadolescent asthmatic children showed more depression and fewer good feelings than the younger children, and their characteristic pattern was dominated by indirectly expressed anger

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Seriousness of physical problem proved to be the best predictor of patient recovery but, when its effects were controlled for, some beneficial effects of the counseling were observed.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The dramatic failure of the "Northern model" applied to southern agriculture in the late seventies brought into sharp focus the debate on the progress of collective farming in the North.
Abstract: The dramatic failure of the ‘Northern model’ applied to southern agriculture in the late seventies brought into sharp focus the debate on the progress of collective farming in the North. Pressures for change in the ‘Northern model’ itself cannot be ascribed wholly to the unsuitability of collective farms for southern conditions — a number of problems had been identified even before the end of the war, while similar pressures also existed in China where outright de-collectivisation has been taking place in many areas since 1978. In fact these movements towards modifying existing collective forms in the agricultural production process echo earlier movements in the 1960s (in both China and Vietnam).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The optimal solution to the problem of minimizing the complex weight vector norm subject to a "look direction" and null constraints in array pattern synthesis is given and several constrained optimization problems in pattern synthesis are shown to be equivalent.
Abstract: The optimal solution to the problem of minimizing the complex weight vector norm subject to a "look direction" and null constraints in array pattern synthesis is given. It is also shown that several constrained optimization problems in pattern synthesis, viz, constrained maximization of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), constrained pattern gain maximization, and constrained least squares pattern synthesis are, in fact, equivalent. Reduction of the maximum gain in the look direction and the occurrence of main-lobe angular shifts which are inherent in constrained pattern synthesis are also investigated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the vibrational frequencies of the potential surfaces of Burton, von Nagy-Felsobuki, Doherty and Hamilton (BVDH), and Dykstra and Swope (DS) were calculated using the potential surface of BVDH.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, personal construct theory was used to generate some questions about the meanings that different types of threat hold for people who are severely ill, including loss of life and loss of bodily integrity.
Abstract: Personal construct theory was used to generate some questions about the meanings that different types of threat–loss of life and loss of bodily integrity–hold for people who are severely ill. Content analyses of the responses of ill people and healthy people indicated that ill people expressed more concern with both types of threat than healthy people. Ill people who were suffering from acute rather than chronic illness, who were scheduled for surgery and who were hospitalized rather than being cared for at home expressed more concern about loss of life but not about loss of bodily integrity than other ill people. Each type of threatened loss was found to be associated with a different set of psychological states for people who were ill. Threat of loss of life was associated with indirectly expressed anger and uncertainty but also with the expression of many positive feelings. Threat of loss of bodily integrity was also associated with indirectly expressed anger, but with direct expression of it too, toge...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the responses of 100 unemployed people to an open-ended question about their current experiences were analyzed to yield assessments of their current experience, including uncertainty, anxiety, depression, anger, good feelings, helplessness, competence, and alienation.
Abstract: The responses of 100 unemployed people to an open-ended question about their current experiences were content analyzed to yield assessments of their current experiences. The experiential elements of Set 1 were uncertainty, anxiety, depression, anger (directly and indirectly expressed), good feelings, helplessness, competence, and alienation. Set 2 consisted of an expansion of the anxiety element, and Set 3, of the alienation element. When their scores were compared with those of a relatively low stress group, on the one hand, and a relatively high stress group, on the other, a pattern of emotional reaction to unemployment was identified. They exhibited more anxiety, depression, anger (directly expressed), helplessness but also competence, and alienation (Set 1). They also revealed more loneliness, guilt, and shame than the others (Set 2). Their alienation proved to extend across all types of relationships measured (Set 3). The relevance of demographic factors, financial responsibilities and unemployment-related variables in predicting patterns of reaction to unemployment was also examined. The reaction of younger unemployed people was dominated by anxiety and directly expressed anger which were not so prominent for older people. Young girls experienced much loneliness and shame, not found in older men. Age and sex proved to be important factors, as did financial responsibilities. Unemployed people with dependent children and greater rental commitments showed much alienation as well as anxiety and anger. Employment-related factors, such as length of unemployment, did not appear to be related to any particular pattern of reaction.

01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used 135 oblique photographs from the National Oceanographic and Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (NOSHL) tapes to investigate the relationship between rainfall and sea-level changes.
Abstract: Beach erosion is often associated with sea-level rise, sediment depletion or variation in wave conditions; however above-normal rainfall can cause beach retreat by increasing water-table elevation on the foreshore. On Stanwell Park beach, New South Wales, Australia annual rainfall accounts for 12.4% of the variance in the long-term, high-ride position measured accurately to ±2.5 m for the whole beach using 135 oblique photographs dated between 1895-1980. Sea-level changes account for an additional 4.6%. A 100 mm increase in annual rainfall or a 1 cm rise in sea-level results in 0.79 or 0.44 m retreat respectively of the average high-tide position for this beach. Because of relationships with the Southern Oscillation, initiation of above-normal rainfall periods can be forecast by several months in the Southern Pacific area, The southern Oscillation refers to a fluctuation in atmospheric pressure between the East Pacific and Indo-Australian regions, and has worldwide climatic teleconnections. The worldwide variation in rainfall and sea-level for the period 1960-1979 was accessed using information from NOAA and Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level tapes. There is far more information on rainfall characteristics than on sea-level changes. Results indicate that sealevel has not risen uniformly worldwide in the last two decades; it has fallen in Western Europe and western North America. Most stretches of world coastline where rising sea-level has traditionally been invoked to account for beach retreat are also areas where rainfall regimes have become wetter or more variable. The main factor initiating worldwide alterations in rainfall, as well as influencing sea-levels, is the recent shift in climate since 1948 when, with a cooling globe, rainfall has increased in mid and high-latitudes. Since 1970 meteorological events, including rainfall, have become more variable. In areas with low rates of sea-level rise, changes in rainfall regime may be an important cause of beach change. In areas with a rising sea-level, regime alterations may exacerbate beach erosion.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A sample of drug addicts in treatment were interviewed, and their descriptions of their lives were elicited and recorded, and the chief element in the pattern of anxiety that differentiated the groups was shame.
Abstract: A sample of drug addicts (N = 60) in treatment were interviewed, and their descriptions of their lives were elicited and recorded Their scores on a measure of anxiety based on content analysis of these descriptions were compared with those of two other groups of people matched for sex and age The chief element in the pattern of anxiety that differentiated the groups was shame Addicts also expressed more guilt, loneliness, fear of death, and vague worries than the other groups This pattern was found to vary with the criminal history of the addicts and their counselors' assessment of them Implications were discussed