Showing papers by "University of Wollongong published in 2009"
TL;DR: A new neural network model, called graph neural network (GNN) model, that extends existing neural network methods for processing the data represented in graph domains, and implements a function tau(G,n) isin IRm that maps a graph G and one of its nodes n into an m-dimensional Euclidean space.
Abstract: Many underlying relationships among data in several areas of science and engineering, e.g., computer vision, molecular chemistry, molecular biology, pattern recognition, and data mining, can be represented in terms of graphs. In this paper, we propose a new neural network model, called graph neural network (GNN) model, that extends existing neural network methods for processing the data represented in graph domains. This GNN model, which can directly process most of the practically useful types of graphs, e.g., acyclic, cyclic, directed, and undirected, implements a function tau(G,n) isin IRm that maps a graph G and one of its nodes n into an m-dimensional Euclidean space. A supervised learning algorithm is derived to estimate the parameters of the proposed GNN model. The computational cost of the proposed algorithm is also considered. Some experimental results are shown to validate the proposed learning algorithm, and to demonstrate its generalization capabilities.
5,701 citations
TL;DR: These nanowire films are electromechanically very robust, with all but the thinnest films showing no change in sheet resistance when flexed over >1000 cycles, which makes these films ideal as replacements for indium tin oxide as transparent electrodes.
Abstract: We have used aqueous dispersions of silver nanowires to prepare thin, flexible, transparent, conducting films. The nanowires are of length and diameter close to 6.5 μm and 85 nm, respectively. At low thickness, the films consist of networks but appear to become bulk-like for mean film thicknesses above ∼160 nm. These films can be very transparent with optical transmittance reaching as high as 92% for low thickness. The transmittance (550 nm) decreases with increasing thickness, consistent with an optical conductivity of 6472 S/m. The films are also very uniform; the transmittance varies spatially by typically <2%. The sheet resistance decreases with increasing thickness, falling below 1 Ω/◻ for thicknesses above 300 nm. The DC conductivity increases from 2 × 105 S/m for very thin films before saturating at 5 × 106 S/m for thicker films. Similarly, the ratio of DC to optical conductivity increases with increasing thickness from 25 for the thinnest films, saturating at ∼500 for thicknesses above ∼160 nm. We...
1,530 citations
TL;DR: By attaching a rolling-circle substrate to a TIRF microscope-mounted flow chamber, this method allows for rapid and precise characterization of the kinetics of DNA synthesis and the effects of replication inhibitors.
Abstract: We present a simple technique for visualizing replication of individual DNA molecules in real time. By attaching a rolling-circle substrate to a TIRF microscope-mounted flow chamber, we are able to monitor the progression of single-DNA synthesis events and accurately measure rates and processivities of single T7 and Escherichia coli replisomes as they replicate DNA. This method allows for rapid and precise characterization of the kinetics of DNA synthesis and the effects of replication inhibitors.
1,339 citations
TL;DR: Graphene nanosheets were synthesized in large quantities using a chemical approach as mentioned in this paper, and field emission electron microscopy observation revealed that loose graphene nanoparticles agglomerated and crumpled naturally into shapes resembling flower-petals.
1,295 citations
University of British Columbia1, University of Maryland, Baltimore2, University of Wollongong3, University of Pennsylvania4, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign5, University of Kansas6, University of California, San Diego7, University of California, Los Angeles8, Massey University9, Washington State University10, University of Oklahoma11, University of Iowa12
TL;DR: This article provides a modern summary of the characteristics defining habituation, and can serve as a convenient primer for those whose research involves stimulus repetition.
1,196 citations
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences1, University of Wollongong2, McMaster University3, French Institute of Health and Medical Research4, University of Newcastle5, Aarhus University6, University of Helsinki7, University of Tartu8, Scripps Research Institute9, University of Oslo10, Binghamton University11
TL;DR: These guidelines are intended to assist investigators who use ERPs in clinical research in an effort to provide clear and concise recommendations and thereby to standardize methodology and facilitate comparability of data across laboratories.
1,011 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of socially constructed gender stereotypes in entrepreneurship and their influence on men and women's entrepreneurial intentions was examined and found that those who perceived themselves as more similar to males (high on male gender identification) had higher entrepreneurial intentions than those who saw themselves as less similar to females (low male identification).
Abstract: In this study we examine the role of socially constructed gender stereotypes in entrepreneurship and their influence on men and women's entrepreneurial intentions. Data on characteristics of males, females, and entrepreneurs were collected from young adults in three countries. As hypothesized, entrepreneurs were perceived to have predominantly masculine characteristics. Additional results revealed that although both men and women perceive entrepreneurs to have characteristics similar to those of males (masculine gender-role stereotype), only women also perceived entrepreneurs and females as having similar characteristics (feminine gender-role stereotype). Further, though men and women did not differ in their entrepreneurial intentions, those who perceived themselves as more similar to males (high on male gender identification) had higher entrepreneurial intentions than those who saw themselves as less similar to males (low male gender identification). No such difference was found for people who saw themselves as more or less similar to females (female gender identification). The results were consistent across the three countries. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
839 citations
TL;DR: The authors distinguish social innovation from business innovation, and identify a subset of social innovations that require government support, and suggest one possible definition of social innovation and show that when its empirical meaning is distilled, the term is of great importance.
Abstract: The term ‘social innovation’ has come into common parlance in recent years. Some analysts consider social innovation no more than a buzz word or passing fad that is too vague to be usefully applied to academic scholarship. Some social scientists, however, see significant value in the concept of social innovation because it identifies a critical type of innovation. In this paper, we suggest one possible definition of social innovation and show that when its empirical meaning is distilled, the term is of great importance. We distinguish social innovation from business innovation, and identify a subset of social innovations that requires government support.
790 citations
TL;DR: A conceptual framework of the overall ECF process is linked to coagulant generation, pollutant aggregation, and pollutant removal by flotation and settling when it has been applied efficiently to various water and wastewater treatment processes.
587 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the attachment of organic molecules to the graphene nanosheets to achieve hydrophilic and organophilic affinity was confirmed using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis.
567 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a general strategy has been demonstrated to achieve optimum electrochemical performance by constructing 3D nanocomposite architecture with the combination of nanosize Sn particles and graphene nanosheets.
Abstract: A general strategy has been demonstrated to achieve optimum electrochemical performance by constructing 3D nanocomposite architecture with the combination of nanosize Sn particles and graphene nanosheets. In the first step, the lithium storage properties of graphene have been investigated by first principles calculations. The results show that lithium can be stably stored on both sides of graphene sheets (LiC3), inducing in a theoretical capacity of 744 mAh/g. In the second step, a synthetic approach has been designed to prepare Sn/graphene nanocomposite with 3D architecture, in which Sn nanoparticles act as a spacer to effectively separate graphene nanosheets. FESEM and TEM analysis revealed the homogeneous distribution of Sn nanoparticles (2–5 nm) in graphene nanosheet matrix. Cyclic voltammetry measurement has proved the highly reversible nature of the reaction between Li+ and Sn/graphene nanocomposite. The 3D nanoarchitecture gives the Sn/graphene nanocomposite electrode an enhanced electrochemical performance. This strategy can be extended to prepare other anode and cathode materials for advanced energy storage and conversion devices such as lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells.
TL;DR: The first discharge process gave a flat discharge plateau at 2.20 V at a current density of 50 mA g−1, and a discharge capacity of 528 mA hg−1 with a cutoff voltage of 2.0 V as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Chemically prepared graphene was used to form highly active electrodes for use as a cathode in a Li battery. The first discharge process gave a flat discharge plateau at 2.20 V at a current density of 50 mA g−1, and a discharge capacity of 528 mA h g−1 was obtained with a cutoff voltage of 2.0 V.
TL;DR: In this article, an in situ chemical synthesis approach has been developed to prepare SnO 2 -graphene nanocomposite, which exhibited a reversible lithium storage capacity of 765 ǫ/g in the first cycle and an enhanced cyclability.
TL;DR: The more the authors understand about their own biology and that of plants and animals, the better they will be able to discern the combinations of foods, rather than supplements, which best promote health.
TL;DR: The Congo red spectral shift assay is demonstrated as a more viable spectrophotometric alternative to ThT, but allied methods, such as transmission electron microscopy, should also be used to assess fibril formation independently of dye‐based assays.
Abstract: Thioflavin T (ThT) dye fluorescence is used regularly to quantify the formation and inhibition of amyloid fibrils in the presence of anti-amyloidogenic compounds such as polyphenols. However, in this study, it was shown, using three polyphenolics (curcumin, quercetin and resveratrol), that ThT fluorescence should be used with caution in the presence of such exogenous compounds. The strong absorptive and fluorescent properties of quercetin and curcumin were found to significantly bias the ThT fluorescence readings in both in situ real-time ThT assays and single time-point dilution ThT-type assays. The presence of curcumin at concentrations as low as 0.01 and 1 mum was sufficient to interfere with the ThT fluorescence associated with fibrillar amyloid-beta(1-42) (0.5 mum) and fibrillar reduced and carboxymethylated kappa-casein (50 mum), respectively. The ThT fluorescence associated with fibrillar amyloid-beta(1-42) was also biased using higher concentrations of resveratrol, a polyphenol that is not spectroscopically active at the wavelengths of ThT fluorescence, implying that there can be direct interactions between ThT and the exogenous compound and/or competitive binding with ThT for the fibrils. Thus, in all cases where ThT is used in the presence of an exogenous compound, biases for amyloid-associated ThT fluorescence should be tested, regardless of whether the additive is spectroscopically active. Simple methods to conduct these tests were described. The Congo red spectral shift assay is demonstrated as a more viable spectrophotometric alternative to ThT, but allied methods, such as transmission electron microscopy, should also be used to assess fibril formation independently of dye-based assays. Structured digital abstract: * MINT-7259867: RCMkappa-CN (uniprotkb:P02668) and RCMkappa-CN (uniprotkb:P02668) bind (MI:0407) by electron microscopy (MI:0040) * MINT-7258930: RCMkappa-CN (uniprotkb:P02668) and RCMkappa-CN (uniprotkb:P02668) bind (MI:0407) by fluorescence technologies (MI:0051) * MINT-7259878: Amyloid beta (uniprotkb:P05067) and Amyloid beta (uniprotkb:P05067) bind (MI:0407) by fluorescence technologies (MI:0051).
TL;DR: Replication experiments and analysis of artifacts suggest that humans in South Africa at this time, and perhaps earlier, systematically heated stone materials, including silcrete to improve its flaking properties in making tools.
Abstract: The controlled use of fire was a breakthrough adaptation in human evolution. It first provided heat and light and later allowed the physical properties of materials to be manipulated for the production of ceramics and metals. The analysis of tools at multiple sites shows that the source stone materials were systematically manipulated with fire to improve their flaking properties. Heat treatment predominates among silcrete tools at ~72 thousand years ago (ka) and appears as early as 164 ka at Pinnacle Point, on the south coast of South Africa. Heat treatment demands a sophisticated knowledge of fire and an elevated cognitive ability and appears at roughly the same time as widespread evidence for symbolic behavior.
TL;DR: The chemical principles that may govern the PSII-WOC are examined by comparing the water oxidation capabilities of structurally related synthetic manganese-oxo complexes, particularly those with a cubical Mn( 4)O(4) core ("cubanes").
Abstract: Hydrogen is the most promising fuel of the future owing to its carbon-free, high-energy content and potential to be efficiently converted into either electrical or thermal energy. The greatest technical barrier to accessing this renewable resource remains the inability to create inexpensive catalysts for the solar-driven oxidation of water. To date, the most efficient system that uses solar energy to oxidize water is the photosystem II water-oxidizing complex (PSII-WOC), which is found within naturally occurring photosynthetic organisms. The catalytic core of this enzyme is a CaMn4Ox cluster, which is present in all known species of oxygenic phototrophs and has been conserved since the emergence of this type of photosynthesis about 2.5 billion years ago. The key features that facilitate the catalytic success of the PSII-WOC offer important lessons for the design of abiological water oxidation catalysts. In this Account, we examine the chemical principles that may govern the PSII-WOC by comparing the water...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the Australian banking sector, which engages in and promotes its corporate social responsibility activities, to help fill this gap and found that consumer understanding of many of the social issues banks engage with is also low.
Abstract: As a reflection of the values and ethics of firms, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has received a large amount of research attention over the last decade. A growing area of this research is the CSR–consumer relationship. Results of experimental studies indicate that consumer attitudes and purchase intentions are influenced by CSR initiatives – if consumers are aware of them. In order to create this awareness, business is increasingly turning to ‹pro-social’ marketing communications, but such campaigns is met with scepticism and their effectiveness are therefore uncertain. Consequently, researchers in the field (for example, Maignan, 2001; Mohr et al., 2001) have called for empirical studies to determine the level of actual consumer awareness of CSR initiatives. This study examines the Australian banking sector, which engages in and promotes its CSR activities, to help fill this gap. Results from our qualitative study with bank managers, and our quantitative study with consumers, indicate low consumer CSR awareness levels. Consumer understanding of many of the social issues banks engage with is also low. While CSR is effective in eliciting favourable consumer attitudes and behaviour in theory, CSR has not proven its general effectiveness in the marketplace. The low consumer awareness of the various social issues in which firms engage with their CSR programs suggests that firms may need to educate consumers, so they may better contextualise CSR initiatives communicated. However, better context may amount to little if claimed CSR initiatives are perceived as inconsistent with other facets of the business that reflect its values and ethics.
TL;DR: In this paper, the hydrophilic affinity of graphene oxide nanosheets can be significantly increased by reacting with allylamine, which can be used as additive in polymer-based composites and other functional applications.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use qualitative data to develop a conceptual framework that helps clarify why consumers avoid certain brands, including experiential, identity and moral brand avoidance, and highlight potential strategies that managers could implement to deal with brand avoidance.
TL;DR: The evidence behind the methodological decisions accelerometer users make when assessing habitual physical activity in children aged 0-5 years is reviewed to outline an evidence-guided protocol for using accelerometry in young children and to identify gaps in the evidence base where further investigation is required.
TL;DR: In this article, a nanoporous cobalt oxide nanorod was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and optical properties of Co3O4 nanorods were characterized by Raman and UV−vis spectroscopy.
Abstract: Nanoporous cobalt oxide nanorods were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the individual Co3O4 nanorods have a nanoporous structure, consisting of the textured aggregations of nanocrystals. Optical properties of Co3O4 nanorods were characterized by Raman and UV−vis spectroscopy. Magnetic property measurement shows that Co3O4 nanorods have a low Neel transition temperature of 35 K. We observed quite significant exchange bias for nanoporous Co3O4 nanorods, indicating the existence of magnetic coupling between the nanocrystals in Co3O4 nanorods. When applied as electrode materials in supercapacitors, Co3O4 demonstrated a high capacitance of 280 F/g.
TL;DR: Gatekeeper training is successful at imparting knowledge, building skills, and molding the attitudes of trainees; however, more work needs to be done on longevity of these traits and referral patterns of gatekeepers.
Abstract: Objective:Suicide prevention remains a challenge across communities in North America and abroad. We examine a suicide prevention effort that is widely used, termed gatekeeper training. There are 2 aims: review the state of the evidence on gatekeeper training for suicide prevention, and propose directions for further research.Method:Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE (PubMed) and PsycINFO from inception to the present for the key words suicide, suicide prevention, and gatekeeper. In addition, a manual scan of relevant articles' bibliographies was undertaken.Results:Gatekeeper training has been implemented and studied in many populations, including military personnel, public school staff, peer helpers, clinicians, and Aboriginal people. This type of training has been shown to positively affect the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of trainees regarding suicide prevention. Large-scale cohort studies in military personnel and physicians have reported promising results with a significant reduction in ...
TL;DR: In this article, the use of a rheological phase reaction method for preparing MoS2 nanoflakes was reported, and the characterization by powder X-ray diffraction indicated that MoS 2 had been formed.
TL;DR: Based on the measurement of FTIR spectra, the edge-to-face interaction between the graphene surface and aromatic rings of poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) could be primarily responsible for producing exfoliation of the graphite electrode to graphene during electrolysis.
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study of conductive, free-standing, binder-free flexible films made from three different types of commercial carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was carried out.
TL;DR: In this paper, a Monte Carlo approach was used to generate theoretical distributions of single-grain De values, which were then randomly mixed together to simulate multi-grain aliquot De distributions containing a known number of mixing components and known corresponding burial doses.
TL;DR: This study is the first to conduct a comparative analysis of knowledge, perceptions, and acceptability, and determine segments of residents who are more open-minded than the general population toward the use of recycled and desalinated water.
TL;DR: Routine nutrition screening, recommendation of appropriate supplements, and monitoring adherence are imperative in patients undergoing bariatric surgery because the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies persists or worsens postoperatively.
TL;DR: Gender and FMS subdomain may influence the relationship between FMS and physical activity in preschool children, and Locomotor skills were inversely associated with physical activity among girls.
Abstract: Gender differences in cross-sectional relationships between fundamental movement skill (FMS) subdomains (locomotor skills, object-control skills) and physical activity were examined in preschool children. Forty-six 3- to 5-year-olds (25 boys) had their FMS video assessed (Test of Gross Motor Development II) and their physical activity objectively monitored (Actigraph 7164 accelerometers). Among boys, object-control skills were associated with physical activity and explained 16.9% (p = .024) and 13.7% (p = .049) of the variance in percent of time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity, respectively, after controlling for age, SES and z-BMI. Locomotor skills were inversely associated with physical activity among girls, and explained 19.2% (p = .023) of the variance in percent of time in MVPA after controlling for confounders. Gender and FMS subdomain may influence the relationship between FMS and physical activity in preschool children.