University of Wollongong

About: University of Wollongong is a education organization based out in Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Graphene. The organization has 15674 authors who have published 46658 publications receiving 1197471 citations. The organization is also known as: UOW & Wollongong University.

Preschoolers' physical activity, screen time, and compliance with recommendations.

Abstract: Purpose: Little evidence exists about the prevalence of adequate levels of physical activity and of appropriate screen-based entertainment in preschool children. Previous studies have generally relied on small samples. This study investigates how much time preschool children spend being physically active and engaged in screen-based entertainment. The study also reports compliance with the recently released Australian recommendations for physical activity (=3 h·d-1) and screen entertainment (=1 h·d-1) and the National Association for Sport and Physical Education physical activity guidelines (=2 h·d-1) and American Academy of Pediatrics screen-based entertainment recommendations (=2 h·d-1) in a large sample of preschool children. Methods: Participants were 1004 Melbourne preschool children (mean age = 4.5 yr, range = 3�5 yr) and their families in the Healthy Active Preschool Years study. Physical activity data were collected by accelerometry during an 8-d period. Parents reported their child�s television/video/DVD viewing, computer/Internet, and electronic game use during a typical week. A total of 703 (70%) had sufficient accelerometry data, and 935 children (93%) had useable data on time spent in screen-based entertainment. Results: Children spent 16% (approximately 127 min·d-1) of their time being physically active. Boys and younger children were more active than were girls and older children, respectively. Children spent an average of 113 min·d-1 in screen-based entertainment. Virtually no children (<1%) met both the Australian recommendations and 32% met both the National Association for Sport and Physical Education and American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations. Conclusions: The majority of young children are not participating in adequate amounts of physical activity and in excessive amounts of screen-based entertainment. It is likely that physical activity may decline and that screen-based entertainment may increase with age. Compliance with recommendations may be further reduced. Strategies to promote physical activity and reduce screen-based entertainment in young children are required.

Yolk–Shell Structured FeP@C Nanoboxes as Advanced Anode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium‐/Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract: 15 Maintaining structural stability and alleviating the intrinsic poor conductivity of 16 conversion-type reaction anode materials are of great importance for practical 17 application. Introducing void space and a highly conductive host to accommodate the 18 volume changes and enhance the conductivity would be a smart design to achieve 19 robust construction, effective electron and ion transportation, thus, lead to prolonged 20 cycling life, and excellent rate performance. Herein, uniform yolk-shell FeP@C 21 nanoboxes (FeP@CNBs) with the inner FeP nanoparticles completely protected by a 22 thin and self-supported carbon shell were synthesized through a phosphidation process 23 with yolk-shell Fe2O3@CNBs as precursor. The volumetric variation of the inner FeP 24 nanoparticles during cycling is alleviated and the FeP nanoparticles can expand without 25 deforming the carbon shell, thanks to the internal void space of the unique yolk-shell 26 2 structure, thus preserving the electrode microstructure. Furthermore, the presence of the 1 highly conductive carbon shell enhances the conductivity of the whole electrode. 2 Benefiting from the unique design of the yolk-shell structure, the FeP@CNBs manifests 3 remarkable lithium/potassium storage performance. The as-prepared FeP@CNBs 4 electrode exhibits a high capacity of 609 mAh g at 100 mA g and excellent cycling 5 stability without any significant capacity loss in lithium-ion batteries (476 mAh g after 6 400 cycles at 500 mA g). In the case of potassium-ion batteries, a reversible capacity 7 of 205 mAh g was retained after 300 cycles at 100 mA g. 8

A method for evaluating bias in global measurements of CO 2 total columns from space

Abstract: . We describe a method of evaluating systematic errors in measurements of total column dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) from space, and we illustrate the method by applying it to the v2.8 Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space retrievals of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (ACOS-GOSAT) measurements over land. The approach exploits the lack of large gradients in XCO2 south of 25° S to identify large-scale offsets and other biases in the ACOS-GOSAT data with several retrieval parameters and errors in instrument calibration. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by comparing the ACOS-GOSAT data in the Northern Hemisphere with ground truth provided by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We use the observed correlation between free-tropospheric potential temperature and XCO2 in the Northern Hemisphere to define a dynamically informed coincidence criterion between the ground-based TCCON measurements and the ACOS-GOSAT measurements. We illustrate that this approach provides larger sample sizes, hence giving a more robust comparison than one that simply uses time, latitude and longitude criteria. Our results show that the agreement with the TCCON data improves after accounting for the systematic errors, but that extrapolation to conditions found outside the region south of 25° S may be problematic (e.g., high airmasses, large surface pressure biases, M-gain, measurements made over ocean). A preliminary evaluation of the improved v2.9 ACOS-GOSAT data is also discussed.

Nanotechnology-based disinfectants and sensors for SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract: Nanotechnology-based antimicrobial and antiviral formulations can prevent SARS-CoV-2 viral dissemination, and highly sensitive biosensors and detection platforms may contribute to the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19.