University of Wollongong

About: University of Wollongong is a education organization based out in Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Graphene. The organization has 15674 authors who have published 46658 publications receiving 1197471 citations. The organization is also known as: UOW & Wollongong University.

Dietary fats and insulin action

Abstract: The history of research into the relationship between dietary fat intake and impaired insulin action has its origin in the work of Himsworth approximately 60 years ago [1, 2]. In a series of pioneering studies using crude indices of insulin action and limited subject numbers (only one in an often quoted paper!), Himsworth linked high levels of fat intake with insulin resistance, and conversely, improved insulin action with predominantly carbohydrate diet. However, the link was tenuous and really apparent only at the extreme ends of the dietary spectrum (<20 or > 80 % of calories as fat). These studies, flawed as they were, influenced the field enormously in the absence of any significant work in the area for a remarkable period of time. The conclusions reached by Himsworth were reinforced to some extent by misuse of glucose tolerance data that showed deteriorations following periods on diets extremely low in carbohydrate (< 50 g/day) and improvement on liquid formula diets providing a remarkably high percentage (75-85 %) of calories from carbohydrate [3-5]. It was really not until the 1980 s that the development of acceptable techniques for the measurement of insulin action in vivo allowed the relationship between dietary fat intake and insulin action to be accurately assessed. These studies have essentially been confined to investigations in rodents and humans.

Ligand-assisted cation-exchange engineering for high-efficiency colloidal Cs1−xFAxPbI3 quantum dot solar cells with reduced phase segregation

Abstract: The mixed caesium and formamidinium lead triiodide perovskite system (Cs1−xFAxPbI3) in the form of quantum dots (QDs) offers a pathway towards stable perovskite-based photovoltaics and optoelectronics. However, it remains challenging to synthesize such multinary QDs with desirable properties for high-performance QD solar cells (QDSCs). Here we report an effective oleic acid (OA) ligand-assisted cation-exchange strategy that allows controllable synthesis of Cs1−xFAxPbI3 QDs across the whole composition range (x = 0–1), which is inaccessible in large-grain polycrystalline thin films. In an OA-rich environment, the cross-exchange of cations is facilitated, enabling rapid formation of Cs1−xFAxPbI3 QDs with reduced defect density. The hero Cs0.5FA0.5PbI3 QDSC achieves a certified record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.6% with negligible hysteresis. We further demonstrate that the QD devices exhibit substantially enhanced photostability compared with their thin-film counterparts because of suppressed phase segregation, and they retain 94% of the original PCE under continuous 1-sun illumination for 600 h.

Gatekeeper Training as a Preventative Intervention for Suicide: A Systematic Review

Abstract: Objective:Suicide prevention remains a challenge across communities in North America and abroad. We examine a suicide prevention effort that is widely used, termed gatekeeper training. There are 2 aims: review the state of the evidence on gatekeeper training for suicide prevention, and propose directions for further research.Method:Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE (PubMed) and PsycINFO from inception to the present for the key words suicide, suicide prevention, and gatekeeper. In addition, a manual scan of relevant articles' bibliographies was undertaken.Results:Gatekeeper training has been implemented and studied in many populations, including military personnel, public school staff, peer helpers, clinicians, and Aboriginal people. This type of training has been shown to positively affect the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of trainees regarding suicide prevention. Large-scale cohort studies in military personnel and physicians have reported promising results with a significant reduction in ...

Uniform yolk-shell iron sulfide–carbon nanospheres for superior sodium–iron sulfide batteries

Abstract: Sodium-metal sulfide battery holds great promise for sustainable and cost-effective applications. Nevertheless, achieving high capacity and cycling stability remains a great challenge. Here, uniform yolk-shell iron sulfide-carbon nanospheres have been synthesized as cathode materials for the emerging sodium sulfide battery to achieve remarkable capacity of ∼ 545 mA h g(-1) over 100 cycles at 0.2 C (100 mA g(-1)), delivering ultrahigh energy density of ∼ 438 Wh kg(-1). The proven conversion reaction between sodium and iron sulfide results in high capacity but severe volume changes. Nanostructural design, including of nanosized iron sulfide yolks (∼ 170 nm) with porous carbon shells (∼ 30 nm) and extra void space (∼ 20 nm) in between, has been used to achieve excellent cycling performance without sacrificing capacity. This sustainable sodium-iron sulfide battery is a promising candidate for stationary energy storage. Furthermore, this spatially confined sulfuration strategy offers a general method for other yolk-shell metal sulfide-carbon composites.