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Showing papers by "University of Würzburg published in 1971"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1971-Planta
TL;DR: Large areas of the lower epidermis of full-grown leaves of Polypodium vulgare (and Valerianella locusta) are normally separated from the mesophyll by an extensive subepidermal airspace and would appear to be able to reduce their transpiration through an increase in diffusion resistance of the stomata during decreasing humidity in the ambient air, without changing the water status of the whole leaf.
Abstract: Large areas of the lower epidermis of full-grown leaves of Polypodium vulgare (and Valerianella locusta) are normally separated from the mesophyll by an extensive subepidermal airspace. Epidermal stripes were prepared for experiments to simulate these conditions in order to investigate stomatal reactions. They were placed with their inner surface in contact with an airspace of uniformly high humidity. The outer surface was treated with air of varying degrees of humidity. The stomatal reactions were observed by microscope and the opening of the guard cells determined photographically. Treatment of the outer side of the epidermis with dry air led to a rapid closing of the stomata, whilst moist air caused opening. This induction of opening and closing movements could be repeated up to 15 times with the same stoma by changing the degree of humidity. Neighbouring groups of stomata showed different apertures according to their individual humidity conditions. The degree of aperture of the stomata depended on the water potential of the ambient air and also on the humidity conditions in the subepidermal airspace. The cause of this stomatal behaviour could lie in the “peristomatal transpiration”. In this way, the guard cells are able to function as “humidity sensors” which “measure” the difference in water potential inside and outside the leaf. Their aperture thus is controlled by their individual transpiration conditions. This controlling mechanism could be very important for the water economy of plants. They would appear to be able to reduce their transpiration through an increase in diffusion resistance of the stomata during decreasing humidity in the ambient air, without changing the water status of the whole leaf.

420 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that in the rat aorta depolarization on the one hand and noradrenaline on the other hand act via different mechanisms of activation.
Abstract: 1. Contraction of helical strips of the rat aorta was induced by 3 μg/ml of noradrenaline or by potassium-rich solution (80–120 mM K). The resulting amplitudes of contraction were maximal for these respective ways of activation and showed almost the same value in this preparation. 2. The noradrenaline-induced tension, but not the contraction induced by depolarization, decreased, when the hydrogen ion concentration of the bath solution was increased. Furthermore, the response to noradrenaline was more sensitive to a blockade of the adrenergic alpha-receptors or a variation of the bath temperature. 3. Since, after the application of papaverine, the amplitudes of contraction produced by noradrenaline or depolarization were diminished to the same degree, papaverine probably acts on the later steps of the activation-contraction mechanism. 4. When verapamil (iproveratril) was applied in order to inhibit excitationcontraction coupling, tension development after depolarization was influenced to a higher degree than noradrenaline-induced contraction. 5. The fact that it is possible to inhibit the response to depolarization without substantial influence on the response to noradrenaline andvice versa led to the conclusion that in the rat aorta depolarization on the one hand and noradrenaline on the other hand act via different mechanisms of activation.

102 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Carbon dioxide exchange and transpiration measurements of various wild and cultivated plants were carried out during the dry summer period in 1967 in the Central Negev Desert (Israel) using a mobile laboratory used for investigations.
Abstract: Carbon dioxide exchange and transpiration measurements of various wild and cultivated plants were carried out during the dry summer period in 1967 in the Central Negev Desert (Israel). A mobile laboratory used for these investigations is described. Measurements were carried out with conditioned plant chambers which followed either the ambient temperature and humidity or else allowed the experiments to be carried out under constant conditions. The accuracy of the measurements was estimated. The mean error of the determination of the CO2 exchange rate amounts to ±0.07 mg CO2·g-1·h-1. Transpiration rate is measured with an error of ±0.15 g H2O·g-1·h-1. The response time of the instrumentation to reach 90% equilibrium after a change in photosynthesis or transpiration is 7 to 9 minutes. Errors which are caused by changes of quality of incident radiant energy and altered turbulence conditions for the leaves enclosed in the chamber, are discussed.

91 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is discussed that the VCR function as pre- or postsynaptic structures and that they are involved either in transmitting impulses from nerve fibres to pinealocytes or from one pinealocyte to the other.
Abstract: In der Meerschweinchenzirbeldruse lassen sich elektronenmikroskopisch „helle“ und „dunkle“ Pinealzellen sowie einzelne Gliazellen nachweisen. In den bei weitem uberwiegenden „hellen“ Pinealzellen zeichnet sich ein Teil der „vesicle-crowned rodlets“ (VCR) durch lokale Auftreibungen aus. Von VCR deutlich abzugrenzen sind die „vesicle-crowned balls“ (VCB). Erstmalig beschrieben wird das Vorkommen von sog. Zylindern, die als Vorstufen von VCB aufgefast werden. In den relativ seltenen „dunklen“ Pinealzellen, die sich durch chromatinreiche Kerne und elektronendichtes Zytoplasma auszeichnen, sind Vesikel, VCR, VCB und „Zylinder“ seltener als in „hellen“ Pinealzellen. Die reichlich vorhandenen marklosen Nervenfasern finden sich vor allem in perivascularen Raumen, seltener im Parenchym. Synapsen zwischen Nerven und Pinealzellen wurden nicht beobachtet. In den Zirbeldrusen trachtiger Meerschweinchen zeichnen sich in der 2. Halfte der Tragzeit die „hellen“ Pinealzellen durch starkere Lappung der Kerne, gehauftes Auftreten von l“aktiven” Zonen, Vermehrung von Mitochondrien, glattem ER, agranularen Vesikeln, VCR, VCB und Zylindern aus. Die „dunklen“ Pinealzellen nehmen wahrend der Tragzeit an Zahl zu. Post partum bilden sich diese Veranderungen innerhalb einer Woche zuruck. Langerer Aufenthalt der Tiere in Dunkelheit fuhrt zu einer Aktivierung der „hellen“ Pinealzellen mit auffallender Vermehrung der VCR und zu einer Zunahme der „dunklen“ Zellen. Unter Dauerbelichtung kommt es in den „hellen“ Zellen zu einer Abnahme fast aller Zellorganellen und zu einer starken Vermehrung der VCR, die nach 70 Tagen auch Formveranderungen aufweisen. Nach Reserpinbehandlung beobachtet man eine Verminderung und degenerative Veranderungen der VCR. Es wird diskutiert, das die VCR als prae- bzw. postsynaptische Strukturen der Erregungsubertragung von Nerven zu Pinealzellen bzw. von Pinealzellen untereinander dienen konnten.

86 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Mouse spleen cell suspensions deprived of their T cells by treatment with anti‐Θ‐serum and complement exhibit a drastically reduced immune response to sheep red blood cells in vitro.
Abstract: Mouse spleen cell suspensions deprived of their T cells by treatment with anti-Θ-serum and complement exhibit a drastically reduced immune response to sheep red blood cells in vitro. Syngeneic thymocytes generally fail to reconstitute the system. A full response can, however, be obtained by the addition of thymocytes from syngeneic mice pretreated with hydrocortisone, or by the addition of allogeneic thymocytes.

75 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the crystal and molecular structure of (C5H5)2TiS5 has been determined from diffractometry data, which consists of a titanium atom which is part of a six-membered ring.

68 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of complex organogold compounds by ligand substitution reactions is described, and the properties of some known and some new organogolds compounds are described.
Abstract: Phosphinliganden in Organogold-Komplexen H3CAuPR3 konnen leicht gegen andere Phosphine ausgetauscht werden. Neben monofunktionellen Donatoren kommen dafur auch potentielle Chelatliganden in Frage, wobei aber in keinem Falle die Koordinationszahl 2 am Goldatom uberschritten wird. — Die Substitution der Liganden in Komplexen des Typs (CH3)3AuPR3 verlauft zwar wesentlich langsamer, ist aber prinzipiell ebenfalls moglich. Die Eigenschaften, 1H-NMR-, Massen- und IR- sowie (in einem Fall) Raman-Spektren einiger bekannter und neuer Organogold-Verbindungen werden beschrieben. Organogold Chemistry, VI Synthesis of Complex Organogold Compounds by Ligand Substitution Reactions The phosphine ligands in organogold complexes H3CAuPR3 are easily replaced by other phosphines. A part from monofunctional donors, potential chelate ligands may be employed; in no case, however, can the coordination number 2 of the gold atoms be exceeded. — Substitution of ligands in complexes of the type (CH3)3AuPR3, though much slower, is also possible. 1H n.m.r., mass. i.r., and (in one case) Raman spectra as well as the properties of some known and some new organogold compounds are described.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Grignard-Verbindung of Dichlor-diphenylmethane with organosilicon, organogermanium, and organotin chlorides yields 9.10-dihydroanthracene derivatives (3-13) which contain a hetero atom instead of C-9.
Abstract: Durch Umsetzung der Grignard-Verbindung 1 aus o.o′-Dichlor-diphenylmethan mit Organosilicium-, -germanium- und -zinnchloriden entstehen Dihydroanthracenderivate (3–13), die statt C-9 ein Heteroatom enthalten. Substitutions- und Austauschreaktionen in 9- und 10-Stellung sowie Versuche zur Aromatisierung werden beschrieben. 1H-NMR-Spektren sichern die Struktur der dargestellten Heterocyclen und erklaren vorliegende Konformationsgleichgewichte. 9-Sila-, -Germa-, and -Stanna-dihydroanthracenes Reaction of the Grignard compound 1, obtained from o.o′-dichlorodiphenylmethane, with organosilicon, organogermanium, and organotin chlorides yields 9.10-dihydroanthracene derivatives (3–13) which contain a hetero atom instead of C-9. Further substitution and exchange reactions in positions 9 and 10 are described as well as attempts at aromatisation. 1H n.m.r. spectra supply proof for the structure of these new heterocycles and explain the existence of conformational equilibria.

56 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A functional participation of cell replication in the control of the differentiation process is suggested in the development of subcutaneous white adipose tissue of rats aged from the 22nd day of gestation to the 3rd day after birth.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the second derivative of the high field magnetoresistance of pure tellurium crystals at helium temperatures was measured and surface quantum states in a strong accumulation layer were discovered.

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that differences between structure and blood supply in different species of fish are more closely related to the weight of heart and body than to the phylogenetic position of these animals.
Abstract: Untersucht wurden 78 Herzen von Lampetra planeri (Cyclostomata), Scyllium canicula, Torpedo marmorata (Elasmobranchii), Hippocampus hippocampus, Crenilabrus ocellatus, Labrus mixtus, Mugil cephalus und Cyprinus carpio (Teleostei). — Anordnung und Bluternahrung der Herzmuskulatur unterscheiden sich deutlich bei den einzelnen Fischarten. Das Myokard der Fische mit leichterem Korpergewicht (Lampetra, Hippocampus, Crenilabrus und Labrus) besteht nahezu vollstandig aus Spongiosa, die durch Diffusion aus dem Kammerlumen ernahrt wird. Dagegen kann man bei den schwereren Fischen (Scyllium, Torpedo und Cyprinus) eine klar begrenzte ausere Compacta beobachten, deren Ernahrung durch Capillaren der Coronararterien erfolgt. Die absolute Dicke der Compacta nimmt mit steigendem Korper-und Herzgewicht signifikant zu, d.h., sie ist bei Scyllium am dunnsten und bei Cyprinus am dicksten. Capillaren in den Trabekeln der Spongiosa finden wir nur bei den Elasmobranchii (Scyllium und Torpedo). — Die Ultrastruktur der verschiedenen Strombahnabschnitte unterscheidet sich bei den einzelnen Arten nicht. Die intertrabecularen Raume gehoren zum Kammerlumen und sind von einer kontinuierlichen Schicht aus Endokardzellen ausgekleidet. Die Capillaren verhalten sich elektronenmikroskopisch in Compacta und Spongiosa gleich. Die Capillarwand selbst wird von verhaltnismasig dunnen Endothelzellen gebildet, ist immer geschlossen und besitzt eine kontinuierliche Basalmembran. — Unsere Befunde zeigen, das die Differenzen in Struktur und Bluternahrung zwischen den untersuchten Fischarten eher Beziehungen zum Korper-und Herzgewicht als zur phylogenetischen Stellung dieser Tiere haben.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, ausammensetzung der Cuticularmembran eines Labiatenblattes berichtet, in which 15 Hydroxycarbonsauren are beteiligt.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: In the cat spleen, cocaine causes a small but significant degree of supersensitivity to isoprenaline but not to methoxamine, and in the Sat Aorta, block of COMT did not increase the effect of cocaine.
Abstract: The sensitivity of various isolated organs to catecholamines was tested before and after block of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) by U-0521 (3′,4′-dihydroxy-2-methyl propiophenone; 18 μg/ml for 20 min). Isolated Nictitating Membrane of the Cat. The sensitivity to catecholamines was increased by inhibition of COMT whenever the experimental conditions resulted in a high potency of the amine, i.e., when the ED50 of the amine (in the absence of U-0521) was below about 10−6 M. Thus, block of COMT potentiated the effects of (−)-noradrenaline and (−)-adrenaline after denervation (or in the presence of cocaine) but not on muscles with an intact adrenergic innervation; it also increased the sensitivity to theβ-effects but not to theα-effects of isoprenaline. No potentiation was observed for dopamine which has a low potency even after denervation. The relation between potency of the catecholamine and the degree of the sensitizing effect of U-0521 was not due to saturation of COMT or of access to the enzyme. Measurements in denervated muscles of the production of O-methylated metabolites from (±)-noradrenaline-H3 (added to the bath for 20 min in concentrations of about 10−7 to 10−4 M), and of the extraneuronal accumulation of noradrenaline-H3 did not reveal any saturation of either the enzyme or the extraneuronal accumulation of the amine. When block of COMT resulted in supersensitivity to a catecholamine, the time required to reach steady-state responses was usually increased. This is consistent with the view that block of the enzyme impaired a site of loss. Block of COMT failed to produce any substantial potentiation of the effects of the indirectly acting amines, tyramine and mephentermine. O-methylation of the released transmitter seems to occur after the amine has reached the receptors of the effector cells. Isolated Strips of Cat and Bat Spleen. Results were quantitatively similar, since block of COMT potentiated the effects of (−)-noradrenaline and (−)-adrenaline in the presence but not (or only very little) in the absence of cocaine. However, the degree of supersensitivity after block of COMT (in the presence of cocaine) was smaller than in the nictitating membrane. In the cat spleen, cocaine causes a small but significant degree of supersensitivity to isoprenaline but not to methoxamine. Isolated Sat Aorta, Block of COMT did not increase the effect of cocaine. It is suggested that differences in the morphology of the adrenergic innervation contribute to the observed organ differences.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is obtained for the occurrence in sonified yeast extracts of three DNA-dependent RNA polymerases of nuclear origin that differ in their template specificity and in their sensitivity towards cu-amanitin.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: N-Nitrosomorpholin (NNM) erzeugt bei hoher Dosierung in der Rattenleber neben Hepatomen haufig cystische Cholangiome wird mit der hepatocellularen Glykogenose verglichen, welche der Ausbildung NNM-induzierter Hepatome vorausgeht.
Abstract: N-Nitrosomorpholin (NNM) erzeugt bei hoher Dosierung in der Rattenleber neben Hepatomen haufig cystische Cholangiome. Die Cholangiombildung lauft in 3 Stadien ab. Im 1. Stadium tritt eine Proliferation von Gallengangsepithelien und mesenchymalen Zellen mit anschliesender Faservermehrung auf. Dies fuhrt im 2. Stadium biel vielen Tieren zu multiplen Cholangiofibroseherden. Gleichzeitig kommt es zu einer Umwandlung der zunachst ovalen oder kubischen Gallengangsepithelien in Cylinderzellen mit starker Speicherung und Absonderung von Schleimstoffen, die aus einem Gemisch von sauren und neutralen Mucopolysacchariden bestehen („cholangiolare Mucopolysaccharidose“). Aus den verschleimten Cholangiofibroseherden gehen in einem 3. Stadium — nach einer Latenzzeit von Wochen und Monaten — cystische Cholangiome hervor. Dabei werden die cylindirschen, schleimbildenden Epithelien regelmasig in flache Zellen transformiert, die keinen Schleim mehr produzieren. Mitunter entspricht das Bild dem einer ausgesprochenen Cystenleber. Die cholangiolare Mucopolysaccharidose wird mit der hepatocellularen Glykogenose verglichen, welche der Ausbildung NNM-induzierter Hepatome vorausgeht. Es wird vermutet, das beide Erscheinungen auf toxisch bedingten Storungen des cellularen Kohlenhydrat-Stoffwechsels beruhen.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: The results are compatible with the assumption that the rise of blood pressure during stimulation of the nucleus posterior of the hypothalamus is mediated by adrenergic neurons of the brain.
Abstract: The third ventricle and the aqueduct of the anaesthetized cat were cannulated and the hypothalamus was superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Electrical stimulation of the nucleus posterior of the hypothalamus elicited a rise of the blood pressure of 58±3 mm Hg (n=20). Superfusion of the hypothalamus with artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing bretylium (5×10−3 M) caused a gradual and long lasting impairment of the rise of blood pressure due to stimulation of the nucleus posterior. Tetracaine (1×10−3 M) diminished the rise of blood pressure to about the same extent as did 5×10−3M of bretylium; the inhibitory action of tetracaine was completely reversed within 120 min. Pretreatment of cats with 6-hydroxydopamine, which was applied through a Collison cannula implanted into the lateral ventricle, evoked a decrease of the noradrenaline content of the hypothalamus and of the rest of the brain and an impairment of the rise of blood pressure during stimulation of the nucleus posterior (33±3 mm Hg;n=6). The blood pressure of the anaesthetized cats was not affected by pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine. Superfusion of the hypothalamus with desipramine (1×10−4M) enhanced the rise of blood pressure elicited by electrical stimulation. The results are compatible with the assumption that the rise of blood pressure during stimulation of the nucleus posterior of the hypothalamus is mediated by adrenergic neurons of the brain.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Trans-silylation as discussed by the authors is a pathway to functional silylated ylides and polyfunctional halosilanes, leading to ylidic species with reactive silyl substituents attached to the carbanionic center.
Abstract: Die Reaktionen von einfach und doppelt silylierten Phosphor-Yliden mit polyfunktionellen Halogensilanen fuhrten unter Umsilylierung zu neuen Yliden, deren carbanionstandige Siliciumatome reaktionsfahige Gruppen tragen. Dieses Verfahren ist einfach, variationsfahig und liefert hohe Ausbeuten. Die beim Einsatz von gemischt-substituierten Halogensilanen auftretenden Komplikationen lassen sich als Folge von Disproportionierungsgleichgewichten deuten und entsprechend steuern. Die Eigenschaften der Produkte und ihre 1H-NMR-Spektren werden beschrieben und der Reaktionsmechanismus kurz diskutiert. Trans-silylation—a Pathway to Functional Silylated Ylides Mono and bis-silylated phosphorus ylides and polyfunctional halosilanes undergo transsilylation reactions, leading to ylidic species with reactive silyl substituents attached to the carbanionic center. This process is facile, versatile, and affords high yields of products. Difficulties arising with mixed-substituted halosilane components can be explained in terms of disproportionation equilibria and henceforth kept under control. The properties of the products as well as their 1H-n.m.r. spectra are described, and the trans-silylation mechanism is briefly discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In animals under a phosphate load who suffered from rickets, it was possible to normalize the decreased rate of reabsorption of phosphate by the administration of vitamin D, and showed that vitamin D exerted a direct effect on transtubular re absorption of phosphate that was independent of parathyroid function.
Abstract: The Effect of Vitamin D on Renal Inorganic Phosphate Reabsorption of Normal Rats, Parathyroidectomized Rats, and Rats with Rickets

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that, for suitably restricted test functions, H(t) can be represented by a conventional sampling series and by a series of delta functions with weights equal to the sampling values.
Abstract: For an arbitrary band-limited generalized function H(t) a representation is obtained that is a combination of a Taylor series and a conventional sampling series A parameter N that enters can be chosen such as to make the series rapidly convergent Furthermore, it is shown that, for suitably restricted test functions, H(t) can be represented by a conventional sampling series and by a series of delta functions with weights equal to the sampling values The results apply also to ordinary band-limited functions

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the structure and reactivity of perchlorobenzocyclobutene (C8Cl8) were investigated. But the results showed that α-Cl8 is very easily attacked by nucleophilic agents, thus forming aromatic products derived from 7.7-fragmentation.
Abstract: Die Dehydrochlorierung der Pentachlorbutadiene 1 und 3 liefert Perchlorbutenin (2), das je nach der angewandten Temperatur vorzugsweise zum α- (80–100°) bzw, β-C8Cl8 (120 bis 180°) dimerisiert. Fur β-C8Cl8 wird durch Hydrolyse zu 8 und Oxydation zu 9 die Struktur des Perchlorbenzocyclobutens 7 bewiesen. α-C8Cl8 besitzt auf Grund des 13C-NMR-Spektrums die Struktur 11 eines Bicyclo[4.2.0]octatriens-(1.5.7). Chemisch ist jedoch die aus dem NQR-Spektrum abgeleitete Alternativformel 12 nicht sicher auszuschliesen. In Ameisensaure oder unter dem Einflus von Ag⊖-Ionen in Methanol bzw. Chloroform lagert sich α-C8Cl8 in das Cyclooctatetraenderivat 32 (γ-C8Cl8) um. Durch Ozonisierung des α-Isomeren werden die Dihydrophthalsaurederivate 13, 19 und 21 erhalten, die durch Dechlorierung oder Allylumlagerung und 1.7-Fragmentierung glatt in die zugehorigen Phthalsaure- bzw. Benzoesaurederivate ubergehen. Nucleophile Agenzien greifen α-C8Cl8 sehr leicht aromatenbildend an, wobei die entsprechenden Derivate von 7 entstehen. An 7 verlaufen die nucleophilen Substitutionen bedeutend schwerer. Structure and Reactivity of the Dimers of Perchlorobutenyne Dehydrochlorination of the pentachlorobutadienes 1 and 3 yields perchlorobutenyne (2). Dimerization of 2 at different temperatures leads to the formation of α- (80–100°) or β-C8Cl8 (120–180°). β-C8Cl8 is identified as perchlorobenzocyclobutene 7 by hydrolysis to 8 and oxidation to 9. On the basis of its 13C-n.m.r. spectrum α-C8Cl8 has the bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1.5.7-triene structure 11; the alternative formula 12 concluded from the n.q.r. spectrum, cannot be excluded certainly by chemical experiments. In formic acid or under the influence of Ag⊕-ions in methanol or chloroform α-C8Cl8 is transformed into the cyclooctatetraene derivative 32 (γ-C8Cl8). On ozonolysis the α-isomer yields derivatives of dihydrophthalic acid 13, 19 and 21. These compounds are converted into the corresponding derivatives of phthalic and benzoic acids by dechlorination or allylic rearrangement and 1.7-fragmentation. α-C8Cl8 is very easily attacked by nucleophilic agents, thus forming aromatic products derived from 7. Nucleophilic substitution of 7 is not as vigorous as with α-C8Cl8.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the Gestaltwandel der Hepatocyten wahrend der Carcinogenese bei Mensch und Versuchstier prinzipiell ubereinstimmt.
Abstract: Die Gultigkeit experimentell begrundeter Vorstellungen uber die Morphogenese der Leberkrebszelle fur die Humanpathologie wird an Biopsien von 12 hepatocellularen Carcinomen und 5 Adenomen licht- und z.T. auch elektronenmikroskopisch gepruft. Die Ergebnisse belegen, das der Gestaltwandel der Hepatocyten wahrend der Carcinogenese bei Mensch und Versuchstier prinzipiell ubereinstimmt: In beiden Fallen besteht offenbar eine enge Beziehung zwischen hepatocellularer Glykogenose und Hepatombildung.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Eight methods for the recording of erections of men and women, chiefly during sleep, are described as an introduction to a series of publications about objective assessment of sexual behavior.
Abstract: Eight methods for the recording of erections of men and women, chiefly during sleep, are described as an introduction to a series of publications about objective assessment of sexual behavior. Ohlmeyer et al. (1944 and 1947)performed kymographic recordings. Fisher et al. (1965)recorded objectively with an EEG apparatus and developed the phalloplethysmograph (a polyvinyl tube filled with water, twisted around the penis), a thermistor to record changes of penile skin temperature, and a mercury strain gauge (modified from Whitney, 1949). Johnson and Kitching (1968) used an open annealed metal ring, connected by four strain gauges with a Wheatstone bridge circuit. Jovanovic (1967) developed the phallograph for the recording of erections of men, the kolpograph to measure vaginal contractions for the recording of changes of the genital organs of women (Jovanovic, 1970), and the clitorograph (a thermistor similar to that of Fisher et al.,1965).


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Desipramine potentiated the effect of noradrenaline on the blood pressure and almost completely abolished the release by nor adrenaline or adrenaline of radioactive compounds from the hypothalamus.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a sequence of probable breakdown and melting relations involving the phases ferrocordierite, fayalite, hercynitess, quartz, and liquid is derived through Schreinemakers' analyses.
Abstract: Almandine, although decomposing in the presence of metallic iron into the anhydrous subsolidus assemblage fayalite + ferrocordierite + hercynite solid solution at low pressures, melts incongruently to hercynitess + quartz + liquid at 10 kb. At pressures between about 12 and 20 kb the products of incongruent melting are hercynitess + liquid only, and at still higher pressures almandine melts congruently. For the intermediate pressures between 2 and 10 kb not investigated a sequence of probable breakdown and melting relations involving the phases ferrocordierite, fayalite, hercynitess, quartz, and liquid is derived through Schreinemakers' analyses.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, yield stresses of highly Ga-and As-doped Ge single crystals were measured as a function of strain rate and temperature, and three regions/mechanisms were differentiated: high strain rate results correspond to free dislocation motion with an activation energy (of kink formation) different from that in pure Ge.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1971-Planta
TL;DR: The results indicate that in synchronised cells of Ankistrodesmus noncyclic electron flow and non cyclic photophosphorylation can proceed in an atmosphere of pure nitrogen if nitrate is available as the electron acceptor.
Abstract: Manometric measurements show that oxygen evolution proceeds in synchronised cells of Ankistrodesmus braunii even in an atmosphere of pure nitrogen. In this case the slow oxygen evolution is dependent on the presence of nitrate (Table 1). Light saturation is found at a low light intensity at pH 5.6, at a higher light intensity at pH 8.0 (Fig. 1). The light saturation curves are in good agreement with those of 32P-labelling in Ankistrodesmus under the same conditions (Fig. 2).

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: Evidence is presented in favour of the view that desensitization to (−)-noradrenaline develops during prolonged exposures to this amine, and it is suggested that the time course of the responses reflects a slowly developing exhaustion of the capacity of the nerve endings to inactivate the amines after their uptake.
Abstract: Dose-response curves for (−)-noradrenaline, (−)-adrenaline and (−)-phenylephrine were determined on isolated nictitating membranes after pretreatment with reserpine (to impair vesicular retention of the amines), with pargyline (to block monoamine oxidase, MAO), or with both. Sensitivity was found to be increased by reserpine < pargyline < combined pretreatment. In addition, pretreatment with pargyline increased the slope of dose-response curves as well as the time required for the development of steady-state responses. The degree of supersensitivity to (−)-phenylephrine induced by the combined pretreatment was nearly as great as that produced by denervation. For (−)-noradrenaline and (−)-adrenaline it was smaller than that seen after denervation. Evidence is presented in favour of the view that desensitization to (−)-noradrenaline develops during prolonged exposures to this amine. The pretreatments had no effect on the sensitivity of the denervated membrane to the three amines.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1971
TL;DR: Investigations after various operations in the oosome region before cleavage were intended to show whether pole cells develop, how many segments form and if gonads contain primordial germ cells, but the depth of the invagination and howMany segments result do not seem to be correlated.
Abstract: In endoplasm close to the posterior pole of the egg ofPimpla one finds conglomerated oosome material, rich in RNA. Investigations after various operations in the oosome region (10% of egg length), before cleavage were intended to show whether pole cells develop, how many segments form and if gonads contain primordial germ cells.