Institution
University of Würzburg
Education•Wurzburg, Bayern, Germany•
About: University of Würzburg is a education organization based out in Wurzburg, Bayern, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & CAS Registry Number. The organization has 31437 authors who have published 62203 publications receiving 2337033 citations. The organization is also known as: Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg & Würzburg University.
Topics: Population, CAS Registry Number, Immune system, Gene, T cell
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, a simulation of a violent merger of two carbon-oxygen white dwarfs with masses of 0.9 M and 1.1 M was presented, where a well-tested combination of codes was used to study the system.
Abstract: One of the most important questions regarding the progenitor systems of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is whether mergers of two white dwarfs can lead to explosions that reproduce observations of normal events. Here we present a fully three-dimensional simulation of a violent merger of two carbon-oxygen white dwarfs with masses of 0.9 M ☉ and 1.1 M ☉ combining very high resolution and exact initial conditions. A well-tested combination of codes is used to study the system. We start with the dynamical inspiral phase and follow the subsequent thermonuclear explosion under the plausible assumption that a detonation forms in the process of merging. We then perform detailed nucleosynthesis calculations and radiative transfer simulations to predict synthetic observables from the homologously expanding supernova ejecta. We find that synthetic color light curves of our merger, which produces about 0.62 M ☉ of 56Ni, show good agreement with those observed for normal SNe Ia in all wave bands from U to K. Line velocities in synthetic spectra around maximum light also agree well with observations. We conclude that violent mergers of massive white dwarfs can closely resemble normal SNe Ia. Therefore, depending on the number of such massive systems available these mergers may contribute at least a small fraction to the observed population of normal SNe Ia.
423 citations
TL;DR: It emerges that 5-HT may mediate interactions of these two systems by four different pathways, which include T cell and natural killer cell activation, delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, production of chemotactic factors, and natural immunity delivered by macrophages.
Abstract: Serotonin (5-HT) is one of the most extensively studied neurotransmitters of the central nervous system. 5-HT is, however, also present in a variety of peripheral tissues including in constituents of the immune system. The function of 5-HT in the immune system has received increasing attention since about 1984, but has been reviewed only once, in 1985. In recent years, modern techniques of molecular biology such as reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and targeted gene disruption have made it possible to study new important aspects of 5-HT in the immune system. In the first part of the review, we explore whether 5-HT is involved in interactions between the central nervous and immune systems. It emerges that 5-HT may mediate interactions of these two systems by four different pathways. In the second part, we dissect the functional roles of 5-HT in the immune system. We describe the distribution of 5-HT receptors and the 5-HT transporter on immune cells and estimate which levels 5-HT may attain in the extracellular space in physiological conditions and under pathological circumstances such as inflammation, thrombosis, and ischemia. At these 5-HT concentrations, four major functions for 5-HT emerge. These include T cell and natural killer cell activation, delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, production of chemotactic factors, and natural immunity delivered by macrophages. Finally, we discuss promising future avenues to further advance knowledge of the role of 5-HT in the immune system and in neuroimmune interactions.
423 citations
TL;DR: In urine samples from several cohorts, bisphenol A (as glucuronide) was present in average concentrations in the range of 1-3 microg/L suggesting that daily human exposure to bispenol A is below 6 microg per person for the majority of the population.
422 citations
Durham University1, University of Helsinki2, University of Wisconsin-Madison3, University of Rochester4, University of Catania5, Weizmann Institute of Science6, University of Warsaw7, University of Southampton8, CERN9, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory10, Indian Institute of Science11, University of Montpellier12, Spanish National Research Council13, University of Zurich14, ETH Zurich15, Stanford University16, Northwestern University17, University of Pittsburgh18, Carleton University19, University of Hamburg20, Moscow State University21, University of Florida22, Paul Scherrer Institute23, University of Würzburg24, Imperial College London25, Florida State University26, University of Florence27, University of Bonn28, University at Buffalo29, RWTH Aachen University30, University of Sheffield31, University of California, Irvine32, Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de physique des particules33, Brookhaven National Laboratory34, Argonne National Laboratory35, University of Bergen36, University of Mainz37, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services38, Lancaster University39, University of California, Santa Cruz40, University of Copenhagen41, University of Tokyo42, Austrian Academy of Sciences43, University of Manchester44, University College London45, University of Edinburgh46, University of California, Davis47, University of California, Berkeley48, University of Glasgow49, University of Barcelona50, Max Planck Society51, University of Chicago52, University of Turin53, Royal Holloway, University of London54, Kobe University55, University of Oslo56, Kyoto University57
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the possible interplay between the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the International e(+)e(-) Linear Collider (ILC) in testing the Standard Model and in discovering and determining the origin of new physics.
422 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that neither auxotrophic mutations, nor vaccinia virus deficient for the thymidine kinase gene, nor anaerobic growth conditions were required for tumor specificity and intratumoral replication.
Abstract: We have shown that bacteria injected intravenously into live animals entered and replicated in solid tumors and metastases The tumor-specific amplification process was visualized in real time using luciferase-catalyzed luminescence and green fluorescent protein fluorescence, which revealed the locations of the tumors and metastases Escherichia coli and three attenuated pathogens (Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes) all entered tumors and replicated Similarly, the cytosolic vaccinia virus also showed tumor-specific replication, as visualized by real-time imaging These findings indicate that neither auxotrophic mutations, nor vaccinia virus deficient for the thymidine kinase gene, nor anaerobic growth conditions were required for tumor specificity and intratumoral replication We observed localization of tumors by light-emitting microorganisms in immunocompetent and in immunocompromised rodents with syngeneic and allogeneic tumors Based on their 'tumor-finding' nature, bacteria and viruses may be designed to carry multiple genes for detection and treatment of cancer
422 citations
Authors
Showing all 31653 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Bork | 206 | 697 | 245427 |
| Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
| D. M. Strom | 176 | 3167 | 194314 |
| George P. Chrousos | 169 | 1612 | 120752 |
| David A. Bennett | 167 | 1142 | 109844 |
| Marc W. Kirschner | 162 | 457 | 102145 |
| Josef M. Penninger | 154 | 700 | 107295 |
| William A. Catterall | 154 | 536 | 83561 |
| Rui Zhang | 151 | 2625 | 107917 |
| Niels Birbaumer | 142 | 835 | 77853 |
| Kim Nasmyth | 142 | 294 | 59231 |
| James J. Gross | 139 | 529 | 100206 |
| Michael Schmitt | 134 | 2007 | 114667 |
| Jean-Luc Brédas | 134 | 1026 | 85803 |
| Alexander Schmidt | 134 | 1185 | 83879 |