University of Würzburg

About: University of Würzburg is a education organization based out in Wurzburg, Bayern, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & CAS Registry Number. The organization has 31437 authors who have published 62203 publications receiving 2337033 citations. The organization is also known as: Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg & Würzburg University.

Anatomy of skin modes and topology in non-Hermitian systems

Abstract: Non-Hermitian systems can exhibit a counterintuitive phenomenon where a single local boundary or disorder modifies the entire spectrum, no matter how large the system is. In such cases, all bulk modes become localized ``skin'' modes, and usual bulk topological invariants no longer correctly predict topological boundary modes. Generalizing Laughlin's gauge argument to complex fluxes, the authors derive a geometrical approach for the exact determination of the skin-mode spectrum. They also devise a new topological criterion for non-Hermitian particle-hole symmetric Hamiltonians based on complex analysis.

International Union of Pharmacology. XLI. Compendium of voltage-gated ion channels : potassium channels

Abstract: This summary article presents an overview of the molecular relationships among the voltage-gated potassium channels and a standard nomenclature for them, which is derived from the IUPHAR Compendium of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels.1 The complete Compendium, including data tables for each member of the potassium channel family can be found at http://www.iuphar-db.org/iuphar-ic/.

Volatile anaesthetics may be the main cause of early but not delayed postoperative vomiting: a randomized controlled trial of factorial design

Abstract: Background Despite intensive research, the main causes of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remain unclear. We sought to quantify the relative importance of operative, anaesthetic and patient-specific risk factors to the development of PONV. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 1180 children and adults at high risk for PONV scheduled for elective surgery. Using a five-way factorial design, we randomly assigned subjects by gender who were undergoing specific operative procedures, to receive various combinations of anaesthetics, opioids, and prophylactic antiemetics. Results Of the 1180 patients, 355 (30.1% 95% CI (27.5–32.7%)) had at least one episode of postoperative vomiting (PV) within 24 h post-anaesthesia. In the early postoperative period (0–2 h), the leading risk factor for vomiting was the use of volatile anaesthetics, with similar odds ratios (OR (95% CI)) being found for isoflurane (19.8 (7.7–51.2)), enflurane (16.1 (6.2–41.8)) and sevoflurane (14.5 (5.6–37.4)). A dose–response relationship was present for the use of volatile anaesthetics. In contrast, no dose response existed for propofol anaesthesia. In the delayed postoperative period (2–24 h), the main predictors were being a child (5.7 (3.0–10.9)), PONV in the early period (3.4 (2.4–4.7)) and the use of postoperative opioids (2.5 (1.7–3.7)). The influence of the antiemetics was considerably smaller and did not interact with anaesthetic or surgical variables. Conclusion Volatile anaesthetics were the leading cause of early postoperative vomiting. The pro-emetic effect was larger than other risk factors. In patients at high risk for PONV, it would therefore make better sense to avoid inhalational anaesthesia rather than simply to add an antiemetic, which may still be needed to prevent or treat delayed vomiting.