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Showing papers by "University of Zagreb published in 2017"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that the error-correction step can be omitted and that high-quality consensus sequences can be generated efficiently with a SIMD-accelerated, partial-order alignment-based, stand-alone consensus module called Racon.
Abstract: The assembly of long reads from Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore Technologies typically requires resource-intensive error-correction and consensus-generation steps to obtain high-quality assemblies. We show that the error-correction step can be omitted and that high-quality consensus sequences can be generated efficiently with a SIMD-accelerated, partial-order alignment-based, stand-alone consensus module called Racon. Based on tests with PacBio and Oxford Nanopore data sets, we show that Racon coupled with miniasm enables consensus genomes with similar or better quality than state-of-the-art methods while being an order of magnitude faster.

1,716 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Bin Zhou1, James Bentham1, Mariachiara Di Cesare2, Honor Bixby1  +787 moreInstitutions (231)
TL;DR: The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries, and the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase.

1,573 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
11 Aug 2017-Science
TL;DR: Analysis of the timing of river floods in Europe over the past 50 years found clear patterns of changes in flood timing that can be ascribed to climate effects, and highlights the existence of a clear climate signal in flood observations at the continental scale.
Abstract: A warming climate is expected to have an impact on the magnitude and timing of river floods; however, no consistent large-scale climate change signal in observed flood magnitudes has been identified so far. We analyzed the timing of river floods in Europe over the past five decades, using a pan-European database from 4262 observational hydrometric stations, and found clear patterns of change in flood timing. Warmer temperatures have led to earlier spring snowmelt floods throughout northeastern Europe; delayed winter storms associated with polar warming have led to later winter floods around the North Sea and some sectors of the Mediterranean coast; and earlier soil moisture maxima have led to earlier winter floods in western Europe. Our results highlight the existence of a clear climate signal in flood observations at the continental scale.

557 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The recommended perioperative management of patients with IBD undergoing surgery accords with general ESPEN guidance for patients having abdominal surgery, and primary therapy using nutrition to treat IBD is moderately well supported in Crohn's disease.

427 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Deregulation of the Hh signaling pathway is associated with developmental anomalies and cancer, including Gorlin syndrome, and sporadic cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, pancreatic, breast, colon, ovarian, and small-cell lung carcinomas.
Abstract: The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway was first identified in the common fruit fly. It is a highly conserved evolutionary pathway of signal transmission from the cell membrane to the nucleus. The Hh signaling pathway plays an important role in the embryonic development. It exerts its biological effects through a signaling cascade that culminates in a change of balance between activator and repressor forms of glioma-associated oncogene (Gli) transcription factors. The components of the Hh signaling pathway involved in the signaling transfer to the Gli transcription factors include Hedgehog ligands (Sonic Hh [SHh], Indian Hh [IHh], and Desert Hh [DHh]), Patched receptor (Ptch1, Ptch2), Smoothened receptor (Smo), Suppressor of fused homolog (Sufu), kinesin protein Kif7, protein kinase A (PKA), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The activator form of Gli travels to the nucleus and stimulates the transcription of the target genes by binding to their promoters. The main target genes of the Hh signaling pathway are PTCH1, PTCH2, and GLI1. Deregulation of the Hh signaling pathway is associated with developmental anomalies and cancer, including Gorlin syndrome, and sporadic cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, pancreatic, breast, colon, ovarian, and small-cell lung carcinomas. The aberrant activation of the Hh signaling pathway is caused by mutations in the related genes (ligand-independent signaling) or by the excessive expression of the Hh signaling molecules (ligand-dependent signaling - autocrine or paracrine). Several Hh signaling pathway inhibitors, such as vismodegib and sonidegib, have been developed for cancer treatment. These drugs are regarded as promising cancer therapies, especially for patients with refractory/advanced cancers.

397 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is established that germline nonsense and frameshift variants in PALB2, but not in ATM or CHEK2, can also give rise to the same signature and epigenetic silencing of RAD51C and BRCA1 by promoter methylation is strongly associated with signature 3.
Abstract: Biallelic inactivation of BRCA1 or BRCA2 is associated with a pattern of genome-wide mutations known as signature 3. By analyzing ∼1,000 breast cancer samples, we confirmed this association and established that germline nonsense and frameshift variants in PALB2, but not in ATM or CHEK2, can also give rise to the same signature. We were able to accurately classify missense BRCA1 or BRCA2 variants known to impair homologous recombination (HR) on the basis of this signature. Finally, we show that epigenetic silencing of RAD51C and BRCA1 by promoter methylation is strongly associated with signature 3 and, in our data set, was highly enriched in basal-like breast cancers in young individuals of African descent.

390 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of AGN multi-wavelength properties with the aim of painting their "big picture" through observations in each electromagnetic band from radio to gamma-gamma -rays as well as AGN variability.
Abstract: Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are energetic astrophysical sources powered by accretion onto supermassive black holes in galaxies, and present unique observational signatures that cover the full electromagnetic spectrum over more than twenty orders of magnitude in frequency. The rich phenomenology of AGN has resulted in a large number of different “flavours” in the literature that now comprise a complex and confusing AGN “zoo”. It is increasingly clear that these classifications are only partially related to intrinsic differences between AGN and primarily reflect variations in a relatively small number of astrophysical parameters as well the method by which each class of AGN is selected. Taken together, observations in different electromagnetic bands as well as variations over time provide complementary windows on the physics of different sub-structures in the AGN. In this review, we present an overview of AGN multi-wavelength properties with the aim of painting their “big picture” through observations in each electromagnetic band from radio to $$\gamma $$ -rays as well as AGN variability. We address what we can learn from each observational method, the impact of selection effects, the physics behind the emission at each wavelength, and the potential for future studies. To conclude, we use these observations to piece together the basic architecture of AGN, discuss our current understanding of unification models, and highlight some open questions that present opportunities for future observational and theoretical progress.

384 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Greater international cooperation using standardized protocols and methods to monitor and manage European freshwater mussel diversity will not only help conserve this vulnerable group but also, through the protection of these important organisms, will offer wider benefits to freshwater ecosystems.
Abstract: Freshwater mussels of the Order Unionida provide important ecosystem functions and services, yet many of their populations are in decline. We comprehensively review the status of the 16 currently recognized species in Europe, collating for the first time their life-history traits, distribution, conservation status, habitat preferences, and main threats in order to suggest future management actions. In northern, central, and eastern Europe, a relatively homogeneous species composition is found in most basins. In southern Europe, despite the lower species richness, spatially restricted species make these basins a high conservation priority. Information on freshwater mussels in Europe is unevenly distributed with considerable differences in data quality and quantity among countries and species. To make conservation more effective in the future, we suggest greater international cooperation using standardized protocols and methods to monitor and manage European freshwater mussel diversity. Such an approach will not only help conserve this vulnerable group but also, through the protection of these important organisms, will offer wider benefits to freshwater ecosystems.

378 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the stellar mass function (SMF) and stellar mass density of galaxies in the COSMOS field up to 6.5 were measured with a Schechter function, correcting for Eddington bias.
Abstract: We measure the stellar mass function (SMF) and stellar mass density of galaxies in the COSMOS field up to z ~ 6. We select them in the near-IR bands of the COSMOS2015 catalogue, which includes ultra-deep photometry from UltraVISTA-DR2, SPLASH, and Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam. At z > 2.5 we use new precise photometric redshifts with error σ_z = 0.03(1 + z) and an outlier fraction of 12%, estimated by means of the unique spectroscopic sample of COSMOS (~100 000 spectroscopic measurements in total, more than one thousand having robust z_(spec)> 2.5). The increased exposure time in the DR2, along with our panchromatic detection strategy, allow us to improve the completeness at high z with respect to previous UltraVISTA catalogues (e.g. our sample is >75% complete at 10^(10)M⊙ and z = 5). We also identify passive galaxies through a robust colour–colour selection, extending their SMF estimate up to z = 4. Our work provides a comprehensive view of galaxy-stellar-mass assembly between z = 0.1 and 6, for the first time using consistent estimates across the entire redshift range. We fit these measurements with a Schechter function, correcting for Eddington bias. We compare the SMF fit with the halo mass function predicted from ΛCDM simulations, finding that at z > 3 both functions decline with a similar slope in thehigh-mass end. This feature could be explained assuming that mechanisms quenching star formation in massive haloes become less effective at high redshifts; however further work needs to be done to confirm this scenario. Concerning the SMF low-mass end, it shows a progressive steepening as it moves towards higher redshifts, with α decreasing from -1.47^(+0.02)_(-0.02) at z ≃ 0.1 to -2.11^(+0.30)_(-0.13) at z ≃ 5. This slope depends on the characterisation of the observational uncertainties, which is crucial to properly remove the Eddington bias. We show that there is currently no consensus on the method to quantify such errors: different error models result in different best-fit Schechter parameters.

312 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project (VLBA) as mentioned in this paper provides the largest and deepest radio continuum survey at high angular resolution to date, bridging the gap between last generation and next-generation surveys.
Abstract: We present the VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project based on 384 h of observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at 3 GHz (10 cm) toward the two square degree Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field. The final mosaic reaches a median rms of 2.3 μ Jy beam-1 over the two square degrees at an angular resolution of 0.75″. To fully account for the spectral shape and resolution variations across the broad (2 GHz) band, we image all data with a multiscale, multifrequency synthesis algorithm. We present a catalog of 10 830 radio sources down to 5σ , out of which 67 are combined from multiple components.Comparing the positions of our 3 GHz sources with those from the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA)-COSMOS survey, we estimate that the astrometry is accurate to 0.01″ at the bright end (signal-to-noise ratio, S /N 3 GHz > 20). Survival analysis on our data combined with the VLA-COSMOS 1.4 GHz Joint Project catalog yields an expected median radio spectral index of α = −0.7. We compute completeness corrections via Monte Carlo simulations to derive the corrected 3 GHz source counts. Our counts are in agreement with previously derived 3 GHz counts based on single-pointing (0.087 square degrees) VLA data. In summary, the VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project simultaneously provides the largest and deepest radio continuum survey at high (0.75″) angular resolution to date, bridging the gap between last-generation and next-generation surveys.

289 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data implied that blueberries, blackberries, cranberries, and grapes can be useful for replacing/decreasing synthetic antioxidants in meat products, since meats are highly susceptible to oxidation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The purpose of this position paper is to provide consensus-based recommendations for the optimal use of lipid-lowering nutraceuticals to manage dyslipidemia in patients who are still not on statin therapy, patients who have not achieved lipid goals, and patients with statin intolerance.
Abstract: In recent years, there has been growing interest in the possible use of nutraceuticals to improve and optimize dyslipidemia control and therapy. Based on the data from available studies, nutraceuticals might help patients obtain theraputic lipid goals and reduce cardiovascular residual risk. Some nutraceuticals have essential lipid-lowering properties confirmed in studies; some might also have possible positive effects on nonlipid cardiovascular risk factors and have been shown to improve early markers of vascular health such as endothelial function and pulse wave velocity. However, the clinical evidence supporting the use of a single lipid-lowering nutraceutical or a combination of them is largely variable and, for many of the nutraceuticals, the evidence is very limited and, therefore, often debatable. The purpose of this position paper is to provide consensus-based recommendations for the optimal use of lipid-lowering nutraceuticals to manage dyslipidemia in patients who are still not on statin therapy, patients who are on statin or combination therapy but have not achieved lipid goals, and patients with statin intolerance. This statement is intended for physicians and other healthcare professionals engaged in the diagnosis and management of patients with lipid disorders, especially in the primary care setting.

Journal ArticleDOI
Agnieszka Sorokowska1, Piotr Sorokowski1, Peter Hilpert2, Katarzyna Cantarero3, Tomasz Frackowiak1, Khodabakhsh Ahmadi4, Ahmad M. Alghraibeh5, Richmond Aryeetey6, Anna Marta Maria Bertoni7, Karim Bettache8, Sheyla Blumen9, Marta Błażejewska1, Tiago Bortolini10, Marina Butovskaya11, Marina Butovskaya12, Felipe Nalon Castro13, Hakan Cetinkaya14, Diana Cunha15, Daniel David16, Oana A. David16, Fahd A. Dileym5, Alejandra del Carmen Domínguez Espinosa17, Silvio Donato7, Daria Dronova, Seda Dural18, Jitka Fialová19, Maryanne L. Fisher20, Evrim Gülbetekin21, Aslıhan Hamamcıoğlu Akkaya22, Ivana Hromatko23, Raffaella Iafrate7, Mariana Iesyp24, Bawo O. James25, Jelena Jaranovic26, Feng Jiang27, Charles O. Kimamo28, Grete Kjelvik29, Fırat Koç22, Amos Laar6, Fívia de Araújo Lopes13, Guillermo Macbeth30, Nicole M. Marcano31, Rocio Martinez32, Norbert Meskó33, Natalya Molodovskaya1, Khadijeh Moradi34, Zahrasadat Motahari35, Alexandra Mühlhauser36, Jean Carlos Natividade37, Joseph Mpeera Ntayi38, Elisabeth Oberzaucher36, Oluyinka Ojedokun39, Mohd Sofian Omar-Fauzee40, Ike E. Onyishi41, Anna Paluszak1, Alda Portugal15, Eugenia Razumiejczyk30, Anu Realo42, Anu Realo43, Ana Paula Relvas15, Maria Rivas44, Muhammad Rizwan45, Svjetlana Salkičević23, Ivan Sarmány-Schuller46, Susanne Schmehl36, Oksana Senyk24, Charlotte Sinding47, Eftychia Stamkou48, Stanislava Stoyanova49, Denisa Šukolová50, Nina Sutresna51, Meri Tadinac23, Andero Teras, Edna Lúcia Tinoco Ponciano52, Ritu Tripathi53, Nachiketa Tripathi54, Mamta Tripathi54, Olja Uhryn, Maria Emília Yamamoto13, Gyesook Yoo55, John D. Pierce31 
University of Wrocław1, University of Washington2, University of Social Sciences and Humanities3, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences4, King Saud University5, University of Ghana6, University of Milan7, The Chinese University of Hong Kong8, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru9, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro10, Russian State University for the Humanities11, Moscow State University12, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte13, Ankara University14, University of Coimbra15, Babeș-Bolyai University16, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México17, İzmir University of Economics18, Charles University in Prague19, Saint Mary's University20, Akdeniz University21, Cumhuriyet University22, University of Zagreb23, Lviv University24, Federal Neuro Psychiatric Hospital25, University of Belgrade26, Central University of Finance and Economics27, University of Nairobi28, Norwegian University of Science and Technology29, National University of Entre Ríos30, Philadelphia University31, University of Granada32, University of Pécs33, Razi University34, University of Science and Culture35, University of Vienna36, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro37, Makerere University Business School38, Adekunle Ajasin University39, Universiti Utara Malaysia40, University of Nigeria, Nsukka41, University of Tartu42, University of Warwick43, University of Magdalena44, University of Karachi45, University of Constantine the Philosopher46, Dresden University of Technology47, University of Amsterdam48, South-West University "Neofit Rilski"49, Matej Bel University50, Indonesia University of Education51, Rio de Janeiro State University52, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore53, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati54, Kyung Hee University55
TL;DR: In this paper, an extensive analysis of interpersonal distances over a large data set (N = 8,943 participants from 42 countries) was presented, which attempted to relate the preferred social, personal, and intimate distances observed in each country to a set of individual characteristics of the participants, and some attributes of their cultures.
Abstract: Human spatial behavior has been the focus of hundreds of previous research studies. However, the conclusions and generalizability of previous studies on interpersonal distance preferences were limited by some important methodological and sampling issues. The objective of the present study was to compare preferred interpersonal distances across the world and to overcome the problems observed in previous studies. We present an extensive analysis of interpersonal distances over a large data set (N = 8,943 participants from 42 countries). We attempted to relate the preferred social, personal, and intimate distances observed in each country to a set of individual characteristics of the participants, and some attributes of their cultures. Our study indicates that individual characteristics (age and gender) influence interpersonal space preferences and that some variation in results can be explained by temperature in a given region. We also present objective values of preferred interpersonal distances in different regions, which might be used as a reference data point in future studies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mini-review presents the opportunities and future challenges of biodegradable plastics, regarding processing, properties and waste management options.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings from several large studies indicate that elevated levels of triglycerides or, more specifically, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants, are independently associated with increased risk of CVD.
Abstract: An elevated serum level of LDL cholesterol is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the role of elevated triglyceride levels is debated. Controversies regarding hypertriglyceridaemia as an independent risk factor for CVD have occurred partly because elevated triglyceride levels are often a component of atherogenic dyslipidaemia - they are associated with decreased levels of HDL cholesterol and increased levels of small dense LDL particles, which are highly atherogenic. Findings from several large studies indicate that elevated levels of triglycerides (either fasting or nonfasting) or, more specifically, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants, are independently associated with increased risk of CVD. Possible mechanisms for this association include excessive free fatty acid release, production of proinflammatory cytokines, coagulation factors, and impairment of fibrinolysis. Therapeutic targeting of hypertriglyceridaemia could, therefore, reduce CVD and cardiovascular events, beyond the reduction achieved by LDL-cholesterol lowering. Elevated triglyceride levels are reduced with lifestyle interventions and fibrates, which can be combined with omega-3 fatty acids. Some new drugs are on the horizon, such as volanesorsen (which targets apolipoprotein C-III), pemafibrate, and others. However, CVD outcome studies with triglyceride-lowering agents have produced inconsistent results, meaning that no convincing evidence is available that lowering triglycerides by any approach can reduce mortality.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on the broadband X-ray (0.3-150 keV) characteristics of these AGNs, obtained by combining XMM-Newton, Swift/XRT, ASCA, Chandra, and Suzaku observations in the soft Xray band ( keV), with 70-month averaged Swift/BAT data.
Abstract: Hard X-ray (≥10 keV) observations of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can shed light on some of the most obscured episodes of accretion onto supermassive black holes. The 70-month Swift/BAT all-sky survey, which probes the 14–195 keV energy range, has currently detected 838 AGNs. We report here on the broadband X-ray (0.3–150 keV) characteristics of these AGNs, obtained by combining XMM-Newton, Swift/XRT, ASCA, Chandra, and Suzaku observations in the soft X-ray band ( keV) with 70-month averaged Swift/BAT data. The nonblazar AGNs of our sample are almost equally divided into unobscured () and obscured () AGNs, and their Swift/BAT continuum is systematically steeper than the 0.3–10 keV emission, which suggests that the presence of a high-energy cutoff is almost ubiquitous. We discuss the main X-ray spectral parameters obtained, such as the photon index, the reflection parameter, the energy of the cutoff, neutral and ionized absorbers, and the soft excess for both obscured and unobscured AGNs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the multilevel interplay among team-level, job-related, and individual characteristics in stimulating employees' innovative work behavior (IWB) based on the theoretical frameworks of achievement goal theory (AGT) and job characteristics theory (JCT).
Abstract: This study investigates the multilevel interplay among team-level, job-related, and individual characteristics in stimulating employees' innovative work behavior (IWB) based on the theoretical frameworks of achievement goal theory (AGT) and job characteristics theory (JCT). A multilevel two-source study of 240 employees and their 34 direct supervisors in two medium-sized Slovenian companies revealed significant two- and three-way interactions, where a mastery climate, task interdependence, and decision autonomy moderated the relationship between knowledge hiding and IWB. When employees hide knowledge, a team mastery climate only facilitates high levels of IWB if accompanied by either high task interdependence or high decision autonomy. In the absence of one of these job characteristics, knowledge hiding prevents higher levels of IWB even in the case of strong team mastery climate. The results suggest that multiple job design antecedents are necessary to neutralize the negative influence of knowledge hiding on micro-innovation processes within organizations.

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TL;DR: In this article, a choline-chloride-based NADES with malic acid as the hydrogen bond donor was selected as the most promising, which provided more effective extraction of wine lees anthocyanins compared to a conventional solvent.

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a fresh perspective on the post-eruption and interplanetary evolution of CMEs, focusing on the physical processes that define the many complex interactions of the ejected plasma with its surroundings as it departs the corona and propagates through the heliosphere.
Abstract: As observed in Thomson-scattered white light, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are manifest as large-scale expulsions of plasma magnetically driven from the corona in the most energetic eruptions from the Sun. It remains a tantalizing mystery as to how these erupting magnetic fields evolve to form the complex structures we observe in the solar wind at Earth. Here, we strive to provide a fresh perspective on the post-eruption and interplanetary evolution of CMEs, focusing on the physical processes that define the many complex interactions of the ejected plasma with its surroundings as it departs the corona and propagates through the heliosphere. We summarize the ways CMEs and their interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs) are rotated, reconfigured, deformed, deflected, decelerated and disguised during their journey through the solar wind. This study then leads to consideration of how structures originating in coronal eruptions can be connected to their far removed interplanetary counterparts. Given that ICMEs are the drivers of most geomagnetic storms (and the sole driver of extreme storms), this work provides a guide to the processes that must be considered in making space weather forecasts from remote observations of the corona.

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TL;DR: The present review will describe and summarize the latest works concerning novel and greener methods for valorisation of citrus by-products and highlight the advantages and potential scalability of these so-called “enabling technologies”.
Abstract: Citrus is a major processed crop that results in large quantities of wastes and by-products rich in various bioactive compounds such as pectins, water soluble and insoluble antioxidants and essential oils. While some of those wastes are currently valorised by various technologies (yet most are discarded or used for feed), effective, non-toxic and profitable extraction strategies could further significantly promote the valorisation and provide both increased profits and high quality bioactives. The present review will describe and summarize the latest works concerning novel and greener methods for valorisation of citrus by-products. The outcomes and effectiveness of those technologies such as microwaves, ultrasound, pulsed electric fields and high pressure is compared both to conventional valorisation technologies and between the novel technologies themselves in order to highlight the advantages and potential scalability of these so-called “enabling technologies”. In many cases the reported novel technologies can enable a valorisation extraction process that is “greener” compared to the conventional technique due to a lower energy consumption and reduced utilization of toxic solvents.

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TL;DR: The consumption of sugars, particularly sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs; beverages or drinks that contain added caloric sweeteners), in European children and adolescents exceeds current recommendations, which is of concern because there is no nutritional requirement for free sugars, and infants have an innate preference for sweet taste.
Abstract: The consumption of sugars, particularly sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs; beverages or drinks that contain added caloric sweeteners (ie, sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup, fruit juice concentrates), in European children and adolescents exceeds current recommendations. This is of concern because there is no nutritional requirement for free sugars, and infants have an innate preference for sweet taste, which may be modified and reinforced by pre- and postnatal exposures. Sugar-containing beverages/free sugars increase the risk for overweight/obesity and dental caries, can result in poor nutrient supply and reduced dietary diversity, and may be associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk, and other health effects. The term "free sugars," includes all monosaccharides/disaccharides added to foods/beverages by the manufacturer/cook/consumer, plus sugars naturally present in honey/syrups/unsweetened fruit juices and fruit juice concentrates. Sugar naturally present in intact fruits and lactose in amounts naturally present in human milk or infant formula, cow/goat milk, and unsweetened milk products is not free sugar. Intake of free sugars should be reduced and minimised with a desirable goal of <5% energy intake in children and adolescents aged ≥2 to 18 years. Intake should probably be even lower in infants and toddlers <2 years. Healthy approaches to beverage and dietary consumption should be established in infancy, with the aim of preventing negative health effects in later childhood and adulthood. Sugar should preferably be consumed as part of a main meal and in a natural form as human milk, milk, unsweetened dairy products, and fresh fruits, rather than as SSBs, fruit juices, smoothies, and/or sweetened milk products. Free sugars in liquid form should be replaced by water or unsweetened milk drinks. National Authorities should adopt policies aimed at reducing the intake of free sugars in infants, children and adolescents. This may include education, improved labelling, restriction of advertising, introducing standards for kindergarten and school meals, and fiscal measures, depending on local circumstances.

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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that discharges from pharmaceutical industries can pose a significant ecological and public health concern due to their toxicity to aquatic organisms and risks for promoting development and spread of antibiotic resistance.

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TL;DR: Special emphasis is given to the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and noradrenergic LC, among the first to be affected by tau protein abnormalities in the course of sporadic AD, causing behavioral and cognitive symptoms of variable severity.

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TL;DR: The highest toxicity was recorded for AgNPs-CTAB, which resulted with increased Ag uptake in the roots, consequently leading to strong reduction of the root growth and oxidative damage, and it can be concluded that the toxicity ofAgNPs is directly correlated with their size, overall surface charge and/or surface coating.

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TL;DR: This report aims to develop uniform guidelines for the management of the gastroenterological and nutritional problems in children with neurological impairment using the approach of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.
Abstract: Objectives:Feeding difficulties are frequent in children with neurological impairments and can be associated with undernutrition, growth failure, micronutrients deficiencies, osteopenia, and nutritional comorbidities. Gastrointestinal problems including gastroesophageal reflux disease, const

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TL;DR: A standardized timing strategy based on the current available evidence which could assist in the harmonization and comparability of clinic practice and future trials is proposed, with special attention to the timing of the embryo transfer.
Abstract: Study question What is the optimal endometrial preparation protocol for a frozen embryo transfer (FET)? Summary answer Although the optimal endometrial preparation protocol for FET needs further research and is yet to be determined, we propose a standardized timing strategy based on the current available evidence which could assist in the harmonization and comparability of clinic practice and future trials. What is known already Amid a continuous increase in the number of FET cycles, determining the optimal endometrial preparation protocol has become paramount to maximize ART success. In current daily practice, different FET preparation methods and timing strategies are used. Study design, size, duration This is a review of the current literature on FET preparation methods, with special attention to the timing of the embryo transfer. Participants/materials, setting, methods Literature on the topic was retrieved in PubMed and references from relevant articles were investigated until June 2017. Main results and the role of chance The number of high quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is scarce and, hence, the evidence for the best protocol for FET is poor. Future research should compare both the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes between HRT and true natural cycle (NC) FET. In terms of embryo transfer timing, we propose to start progesterone intake on the theoretical day of oocyte retrieval in HRT and to perform blastocyst transfer at hCG + 7 or LH + 6 in modified or true NC, respectively. Limitations reasons for caution As only a few high quality RCTs on the optimal preparation for FET are available in the existing literature, no definitive conclusion for benefit of one protocol over the other can be drawn so far. Wider implications of the findings Caution when using HRT for FET is warranted since the rate of early pregnancy loss is alarmingly high in some reports. Study funding/competing interest(s) S.M. is funded by the Research Fund of Flanders (FWO). H.T. and C.B. report grants from Merck, Goodlife, Besins and Abbott during the conduct of the study. Trial registration number Not applicable.

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TL;DR: This research presents a novel and scalable approach called “SmartCardiology,” which aims to provide real-time information about the activity of the autonomic nervous system and its role in cardiac arrest.
Abstract: 1.1. Cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia: prevalence and global economic impact Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, reaching 31% of deaths in 2012 [1]. In particular, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are the main causes of premature death in Europe and are responsible for 42% of deaths in women and 38% in men under 75 years old [2]. The global economic impact of CVD is estimated to have been US $906 billion in 2015 and is expected to rise by 22% by 2030 [3]. Cardiovascular diseases also represent the major cause of disability in developed countries. It has been estimated that their growing burden could lead to a global increase in loss of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), from a loss of 85 million DALYs in 1990 to a loss of ~150 million DALYs in 2020, becoming a major non-psychological cause of lost productivity [4]. Several risk factors contribute to the etiology and development of CVD; they are divided into those modifiable through lifestyle changes or by taking a pharmacologic treatment (e.g. for hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia) and those that are not modifiable (age, male gender, and family history) [5]. Elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) blood concentrations are the major modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), whereas high concentrations of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in certain conditions are considered protective [6]. Moreover, LDL-C remains a fundamental CV risk factor (and a main target of therapy) even when statins are largely used in the general population [7]. An examination of the data of 18 053 participants aged ≥ 20 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 1999 to 2006 showed that the unadjusted prevalence of hypercholesterolemia ranged from 53.2% to 56.1% in United States adults [8]. Differences related to gender and race or ethnicity were observed; in particular, a lower rate of control was found among women than men and lower rates of having a cholesterol check and being told about hypercholesterolemia were reported by African Americans and Mexican Americans than whites [8]. A recent report from the American Heart Association confirmed that in the US only 75.7% of children and 46.6% of adults present targeted TC levels (TC < 170 mg/dl for children and < 200 mg/dl for adults, in untreated individuals) [9]. The pattern is similar in other Western countries [10, 11].


Journal ArticleDOI
Jose Luis Ortiz1, Pablo Santos-Sanz1, Bruno Sicardy2, G. Benedetti-Rossi, Diane Berard2, Nicolás Morales1, Rene Duffard1, Felipe Braga-Ribas3, Ulrich Hopp4, C. Ries, Valerio Nascimbeni5, Valerio Nascimbeni6, Francesco Marzari6, V. Granata5, V. Granata6, András Pál7, Cs. Kiss7, Theodor Pribulla8, R. Komžík8, Kamil Hornoch9, Petr Pravec9, Paolo Bacci, Martina Maestripieri, L. Nerli, L. Mazzei, Mauro Bachini, F. Martinelli, Giacomo Succi, F. Ciabattari, Herman Mikuz, A. Carbognani, B. Gaehrken, Stefano Mottola10, S. Hellmich10, F. L. Rommel3, Estela Fernández-Valenzuela1, A. Campo Bagatin11, Stefan Cikota12, Aleksandar Cikota13, J. Lecacheux2, Roberto Vieira-Martins, Julio Camargo, Marcelo Assafin14, François Colas, Raoul Behrend, Josselin Desmars2, E. Meza2, Alvaro Alvarez-Candal, W. Beisker, A. R. Gomes-Júnior14, B. E. Morgado, Françoise Roques2, Frédéric Vachier, Jérôme Berthier, T. G. Mueller4, José M. Madiedo15, Ozan Ünsalan16, Eda Sonbas, N. Karaman, O. Erece17, D. T. Koseoglu17, T. Ozisik17, S. Kalkan18, Yavuz Güney19, Mohammad Shameoni Niaei19, O. Satir19, Cahit Yeşilyaprak19, Ç. Püsküllü20, Afşar Kabaş20, Osman Demircan20, J. Alikakos, Vassilis Charmandaris21, Giuseppe Leto5, J. M. Ohlert22, J. M. Christille, Róbert Szakáts7, A. Takácsné Farkas7, E. Varga-Verebélyi7, Gábor Marton7, A. Marciniak, Przemyslaw Bartczak, Toni Santana-Ros, M. Butkiewicz-Bąk, Grzegorz Dudziński, Victor Ali-Lagoa4, Kosmas Gazeas23, L. Tzouganatos23, N. Paschalis, V. Tsamis, Agustín Sánchez-Lavega24, Santiago Pérez-Hoyos24, Ricardo Hueso24, J. C. Guirado25, V. Peris25, R. Iglesias-Marzoa26 
12 Oct 2017-Nature
TL;DR: Observations from multiple Earth-based observatories of Haumea passing in front of a distant star (a multi-chord stellar occultation) report the presence of a ring with an opacity of 0.5, which constrains the three-dimensional orientation of Haumesa and its triaxial shape, which is inconsistent with a homogeneous body in hydrostatic equilibrium.
Abstract: J.L.O. acknowledges funding from Spanish and Andalusian grants MINECO AYA-2014-56637-C2-1-P and J. A. 2012-FQM1776 as well as FEDER funds. Part of the research leading to these results received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under grant agreement no. 687378. B.S. acknowledges support from the French grants ‘Beyond Neptune’ ANR-08-BLAN-0177 and ‘Beyond Neptune II’ ANR-11-IS56-0002. Part of the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community’s H2020 (2014-2020/ERC grant agreement no. 669416 ‘Lucky Star’). A.P. and R.S. have been supported by the grant LP2012-31 of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. All of the Hungarian contributors acknowledge the partial support from K-125015 grant of the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH). G.B.-R., F.B.-R., F.L.R., R.V.-M., J.I.B.C., M.A., A.R.G.-J. and B.E.M. acknowledge support from CAPES, CNPq and FAPERJ. J.C.G. acknowledges funding from AYA2015-63939-C2-2-P and from the Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEOII/2014/057. K.H. and P.P. were supported by the project RVO:67985815. The Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley acknowledges a Shoemaker NEO Grant 2013 from The Planetary Society. We acknowledge funds from a 2016 ‘Research and Education’ grant from Fondazione CRT. We also acknowledge the Slovakian project ITMS no. 26220120029.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Edlib is presented, an open‐source C/C ++ library for exact pairwise sequence alignment using edit distance and is expected to be easily adopted as a building block for future bioinformatics tools.
Abstract: Summary We present Edlib, an open-source C/C ++ library for exact pairwise sequence alignment using edit distance. We compare Edlib to other libraries and show that it is the fastest while not lacking in functionality and can also easily handle very large sequences. Being easy to use, flexible, fast and low on memory usage, we expect it to be easily adopted as a building block for future bioinformatics tools. Availability and implementation Source code, installation instructions and test data are freely available for download at https://github.com/Martinsos/edlib, under the MIT licence. Edlib is implemented in C/C ++ and supported on Linux, MS Windows, and Mac OS. Contact mile.sikic@fer.hr. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.