Showing papers by "University of Zagreb published in 2019"
University of California, Santa Barbara1, University of Texas at Austin2, University of Wrocław3, Dresden University of Technology4, University of Tartu5, Gulu University6, Middle East University7, Stockholm University8, University of the Punjab9, University of Nigeria, Nsukka10, Istanbul University11, Franklin & Marshall College12, Norwegian University of Science and Technology13, University of Algiers14, Australian National University15, Russian Academy of Sciences16, Russian State University for the Humanities17, İzmir University of Economics18, University of Social Sciences and Humanities19, Université catholique de Louvain20, Ankara University21, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru22, Cumhuriyet University23, University of the Republic24, ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon25, The Chinese University of Hong Kong26, National Autonomous University of Mexico27, University of Pécs28, University of Constantine the Philosopher29, University of Maribor30, University of Zagreb31, University of Malaya32, Central University of Finance and Economics33, University of Crete34, University of Primorska35, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology36, University of Amsterdam37, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart38, VU University Amsterdam39, University of Granada40, University of Delhi41, University of Havana42, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro43, University of Vienna44, Universiti Utara Malaysia45, Vilnius University46, University of British Columbia47, University of Sussex48, Romanian Academy49, Comenius University in Bratislava50, Slovak Academy of Sciences51, University of Monterrey52, SAS Institute53, DHA Suffa University54, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile55, South-West University "Neofit Rilski"56, University of São Paulo57, Kyung Hee University58, University of Ljubljana59
TL;DR: This work combines this large cross-cultural sample with agent-based models to compare eight hypothesized models of human mating markets and finds that this cross-culturally universal pattern of mate choice is most consistent with a Euclidean model of mate preference integration.
Abstract: Humans express a wide array of ideal mate preferences. Around the world, people desire romantic partners who are intelligent, healthy, kind, physically attractive, wealthy, and more. In order for these ideal preferences to guide the choice of actual romantic partners, human mating psychology must possess a means to integrate information across these many preference dimensions into summaries of the overall mate value of their potential mates. Here we explore the computational design of this mate preference integration process using a large sample of n = 14,487 people from 45 countries around the world. We combine this large cross-cultural sample with agent-based models to compare eight hypothesized models of human mating markets. Across cultures, people higher in mate value appear to experience greater power of choice on the mating market in that they set higher ideal standards, better fulfill their preferences in choice, and pair with higher mate value partners. Furthermore, we find that this cross-culturally universal pattern of mate choice is most consistent with a Euclidean model of mate preference integration.
1,827 citations
Dresden University of Technology1, Brigham and Women's Hospital2, University of California, San Francisco3, University of Düsseldorf4, University of Pisa5, Northwestern University6, Medical University of Vienna7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens8, Medical University of South Carolina9, University of Cambridge10, University of Barcelona11, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research12, Toronto Western Hospital13, University of California, Los Angeles14, Humboldt University of Berlin15, Copenhagen University Hospital16, University of Michigan17, University of the Basque Country18, University Health Network19, University of Crete20, University of Zagreb21, University of Paris-Sud22, University of Hong Kong23, University of Calgary24, Hospital for Special Surgery25, University of Pécs26, University of Padua27, Medical University of Graz28, National Institutes of Health29, New York University30, Université Paris-Saclay31, University Hospital Complex Of Vigo32, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan33, University of Porto34, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust35, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center36, Istanbul Bilim University37, McMaster University38
TL;DR: To develop new classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) jointly supported by the European League Against Rheumatism and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR).
Abstract: Objective To develop new classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) jointly supported by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Methods This international initiative had four phases. 1) Evaluation of antinuclear antibody (ANA) as an entry criterion through systematic review and meta-regression of the literature and criteria generation through an international Delphi exercise, an early patient cohort, and a patient survey. 2) Criteria reduction by Delphi and nominal group technique exercises. 3) Criteria definition and weighting based on criterion performance and on results of a multi-criteria decision analysis. 4) Refinement of weights and threshold scores in a new derivation cohort of 1,001 subjects and validation compared with previous criteria in a new validation cohort of 1,270 subjects. Results The 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria for SLE include positive ANA at least once as obligatory entry criterion; followed by additive weighted criteria grouped in 7 clinical (constitutional, hematologic, neuropsychiatric, mucocutaneous, serosal, musculoskeletal, renal) and 3 immunologic (antiphospholipid antibodies, complement proteins, SLE-specific antibodies) domains, and weighted from 2 to 10. Patients accumulating ≥10 points are classified. In the validation cohort, the new criteria had a sensitivity of 96.1% and specificity of 93.4%, compared with 82.8% sensitivity and 93.4% specificity of the ACR 1997 and 96.7% sensitivity and 83.7% specificity of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics 2012 criteria. Conclusion These new classification criteria were developed using rigorous methodology with multidisciplinary and international input, and have excellent sensitivity and specificity. Use of ANA entry criterion, hierarchically clustered, and weighted criteria reflects current thinking about SLE and provides an improved foundation for SLE research.
1,018 citations
Vienna University of Technology1, Polytechnic University of Turin2, University of Potsdam3, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute4, University of Messina5, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute6, University of Split7, University of Padua8, University of Zagreb9, University of Bologna10, University of Naples Federico II11, Moscow State University12, Dokuz Eylül University13, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts14, University of Bath15, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava16, Finnish Environment Institute17, University of Liverpool18, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy19, Technical University of Madrid20, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ21, ETH Zurich22, Maynooth University23, Polish Academy of Sciences24, ODESSA25, University of Ljubljana26, Roma Tre University27, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate28, Polytechnic University of Tirana29, University of Belgrade30
TL;DR: Analysis of a comprehensive European flood dataset reveals regional changes in river flood discharges in the past five decades that are broadly consistent with climate model projections for the next century, suggesting that climate-driven changes are already happening and supporting calls for the consideration of climate change in flood risk management.
Abstract: Climate change has led to concerns about increasing river floods resulting from the greater water-holding capacity of a warmer atmosphere1. These concerns are reinforced by evidence of increasing economic losses associated with flooding in many parts of the world, including Europe2. Any changes in river floods would have lasting implications for the design of flood protection measures and flood risk zoning. However, existing studies have been unable to identify a consistent continental-scale climatic-change signal in flood discharge observations in Europe3, because of the limited spatial coverage and number of hydrometric stations. Here we demonstrate clear regional patterns of both increases and decreases in observed river flood discharges in the past five decades in Europe, which are manifestations of a changing climate. Our results—arising from the most complete database of European flooding so far—suggest that: increasing autumn and winter rainfall has resulted in increasing floods in northwestern Europe; decreasing precipitation and increasing evaporation have led to decreasing floods in medium and large catchments in southern Europe; and decreasing snow cover and snowmelt, resulting from warmer temperatures, have led to decreasing floods in eastern Europe. Regional flood discharge trends in Europe range from an increase of about 11 per cent per decade to a decrease of 23 per cent. Notwithstanding the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the observational record, the flood changes identified here are broadly consistent with climate model projections for the next century4,5, suggesting that climate-driven changes are already happening and supporting calls for the consideration of climate change in flood risk management. Analysis of a comprehensive European flood dataset reveals regional changes in river flood discharges in the past five decades that are consistent with models suggesting that climate-driven changes are already happening.
558 citations
TL;DR: It is recognised that the key drivers of this epidemic form an obesogenic environment, which includes changing food systems and reduced physical activity, and there is a need to implement effective programmes and policies in multiple sectors to address overnutrition, undernutrition, mobility and physical activity.
Abstract: In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically. This worldwide epidemic has important consequences, including psychiatric, psychological and psychosocial disorders in childhood and increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) later in life. Treatment of obesity is difficult and children with excess weight are likely to become adults with obesity. These trends have led member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) to endorse a target of no increase in obesity in childhood by 2025. Estimates of overweight in children aged under 5 years are available jointly from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), WHO and the World Bank. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) has published country-level estimates of obesity in children aged 2–4 years. For children aged 5–19 years, obesity estimates are available from the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. The global prevalence of overweight in children aged 5 years or under has increased modestly, but with heterogeneous trends in low and middle-income regions, while the prevalence of obesity in children aged 2–4 years has increased moderately. In 1975, obesity in children aged 5–19 years was relatively rare, but was much more common in 2016. It is recognised that the key drivers of this epidemic form an obesogenic environment, which includes changing food systems and reduced physical activity. Although cost-effective interventions such as WHO ‘best buys’ have been identified, political will and implementation have so far been limited. There is therefore a need to implement effective programmes and policies in multiple sectors to address overnutrition, undernutrition, mobility and physical activity. To be successful, the obesity epidemic must be a political priority, with these issues addressed both locally and globally. Work by governments, civil society, private corporations and other key stakeholders must be coordinated.
524 citations
National Institutes of Health1, European Society of Cardiology2, Ghent University3, Karolinska Institutet4, University Medical Center Utrecht5, University of Lausanne6, Vilnius University7, Charles University in Prague8, Hospital Universitario La Paz9, National University of Ireland, Galway10, Kazakh National Medical University11, Erasmus University Rotterdam12, University of Sarajevo13, Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education14, University of Latvia15, Ljubljana University Medical Centre16, University of Ljubljana17, University of Würzburg18, Assiut University19, Jagiellonian University Medical College20, University Hospital Centre Zagreb21, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy22, University of Zagreb23, Hacettepe University24, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens25, University of Banja Luka26
TL;DR: A large majority of coronary patients have unhealthy lifestyles in terms of smoking, diet and sedentary behaviour, which adversely impacts major cardiovascular risk factors, and a majority did not achieve their blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose targets.
Abstract: AimsThe aim of this study was to determine whether the Joint European Societies guidelines on secondary cardiovascular prevention are followed in everyday practice.DesignA cross-sectional ESC-EORP ...
504 citations
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts1, Wrocław Medical University2, Charité3, Hannover Medical School4, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics5, National Institutes of Health6, University Medical Center Groningen7, Tel Aviv University8, Rabin Medical Center9, Queen's University Belfast10, University of Ljubljana11, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology12, University of Cambridge13, University of Brescia14, University of Zagreb15, University of London16, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens17, University of Cyprus18
TL;DR: This expert consensus report is neither a guideline update nor a position statement, but rather a summary and consensus view in the form of consensus recommendations.
Abstract: The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) has published a series of guidelines on heart failure (HF) over the last 25 years, most recently in 2016. Given the amount of new information that has become available since then, the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC recognized the need to review and summarise recent developments in a consensus document. Here we report from the HFA workshop that was held in January 2019 in Frankfurt, Germany. This expert consensus report is neither a guideline update nor a position statement, but rather a summary and consensus view in the form of consensus recommendations. The report describes how these guidance statements are supported by evidence, it makes some practical comments, and it highlights new research areas and how progress might change the clinical management of HF. We have avoided re-interpretation of information already considered in the 2016 ESC/HFA guidelines. Specific new recommendations have been made based on the evidence from major trials published since 2016, including sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus, MitraClip for functional mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation ablation in HF, tafamidis in cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis, rivaroxaban in HF, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in non-ischaemic HF, and telemedicine for HF. In addition, new trial evidence from smaller trials and updated meta-analyses have given us the chance to provide refined recommendations in selected other areas. Further, new trial evidence is due in many of these areas and others over the next 2 years, in time for the planned 2021 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure.
467 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that the biomass and catalase (CAT) enzymes activity of V. faba roots decreased under 5 μm PS-MPs whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity significantly increased, and under the 100 nm PS- MPs exposure a significant decrease of growth was observed only at the highest concentration.
422 citations
Imperial College London1, University of Kent2, Middlesex University3, University of California, Berkeley4, World Health Organization5, Bergen University College6, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences7, Norwegian Institute of Public Health8, University of Oslo9, University of Bergen10, Norwegian University of Science and Technology11, Seoul National University12, University of Zagreb13, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention14, Cayetano Heredia University15, University of Toronto16, Aga Khan University17, Harvard University18, University of Lausanne19, University of the West Indies20, University of Sydney21, South African Medical Research Council22, Indian Council of Medical Research23
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017.
Abstract: Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3,4,5,6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017—and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions—was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing—and in some countries reversal—of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
396 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the relevant fields of research, summarize important open problems, and lay out a roadmap for future progress can be found in this article, which is an initiative taken within the framework of the European Action on 'Black holes, Gravitational waves and Fundamental Physics'.
Abstract: The grand challenges of contemporary fundamental physics-dark matter, dark energy, vacuum energy, inflation and early universe cosmology, singularities and the hierarchy problem-all involve gravity as a key component. And of all gravitational phenomena, black holes stand out in their elegant simplicity, while harbouring some of the most remarkable predictions of General Relativity: event horizons, singularities and ergoregions. The hitherto invisible landscape of the gravitational Universe is being unveiled before our eyes: the historical direct detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration marks the dawn of a new era of scientific exploration. Gravitational-wave astronomy will allow us to test models of black hole formation, growth and evolution, as well as models of gravitational-wave generation and propagation. It will provide evidence for event horizons and ergoregions, test the theory of General Relativity itself, and may reveal the existence of new fundamental fields. The synthesis of these results has the potential to radically reshape our understanding of the cosmos and of the laws of Nature. The purpose of this work is to present a concise, yet comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the relevant fields of research, summarize important open problems, and lay out a roadmap for future progress. This write-up is an initiative taken within the framework of the European Action on 'Black holes, Gravitational waves and Fundamental Physics'. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd.
314 citations
Caroline M. Nievergelt1, Caroline M. Nievergelt2, Adam X. Maihofer2, Adam X. Maihofer1 +210 more•Institutions (54)
TL;DR: A GWAS from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium is reported in which two risk loci in European ancestry and one locus in African ancestry individuals are identified and it is found that PTSD is genetically correlated with several other psychiatric traits.
Abstract: The risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma is heritable, but robust common variants have yet to be identified. In a multi-ethnic cohort including over 30,000 PTSD cases and 170,000 controls we conduct a genome-wide association study of PTSD. We demonstrate SNP-based heritability estimates of 5-20%, varying by sex. Three genome-wide significant loci are identified, 2 in European and 1 in African-ancestry analyses. Analyses stratified by sex implicate 3 additional loci in men. Along with other novel genes and non-coding RNAs, a Parkinson's disease gene involved in dopamine regulation, PARK2, is associated with PTSD. Finally, we demonstrate that polygenic risk for PTSD is significantly predictive of re-experiencing symptoms in the Million Veteran Program dataset, although specific loci did not replicate. These results demonstrate the role of genetic variation in the biology of risk for PTSD and highlight the necessity of conducting sex-stratified analyses and expanding GWAS beyond European ancestry populations.
305 citations
15 Jun 2019
TL;DR: This work relies on a light-weight general purpose architecture as the main recognition engine, and proposes to enlarge the receptive field by fusing shared features at multiple resolutions in a novel fashion to restore the prediction resolution.
Abstract: Recent success of semantic segmentation approaches on demanding road driving datasets has spurred interest in many related application fields. Many of these applications involve real-time prediction on mobile platforms such as cars, drones and various kinds of robots. Real-time setup is challenging due to extraordinary computational complexity involved. Many previous works address the challenge with custom lightweight architectures which decrease computational complexity by reducing depth, width and layer capacity with respect to general purpose architectures. We propose an alternative approach which achieves a significantly better performance across a wide range of computing budgets. First, we rely on a light-weight general purpose architecture as the main recognition engine. Then, we leverage light-weight upsampling with lateral connections as the most cost-effective solution to restore the prediction resolution. Finally, we propose to enlarge the receptive field by fusing shared features at multiple resolutions in a novel fashion. Experiments on several road driving datasets show a substantial advantage of the proposed approach, either with ImageNet pre-trained parameters or when we learn from scratch. Our Cityscapes test submission entitled SwiftNetRN-18 delivers 75.5% MIoU and achieves 39.9 Hz on 1024×2048 images on GTX1080Ti.
Flinders University1, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation2, Delft University of Technology3, Dresden University of Technology4, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology5, University of Oldenburg6, University of Texas at Austin7, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology8, Southern University of Science and Technology9, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies10, Qatar Airways11, International Water Management Institute12, Australian National University13, National Autonomous University of Mexico14, University of Zagreb15
TL;DR: The first known attempt to quantify the volume of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) at global scale, and to illustrate the advancement of all the major types of MAR and relate these to research and regulatory advancements is presented in this article.
Abstract: The last 60 years has seen unprecedented groundwater extraction and overdraft as well as development of new technologies for water treatment that together drive the advance in intentional groundwater replenishment known as managed aquifer recharge (MAR). This paper is the first known attempt to quantify the volume of MAR at global scale, and to illustrate the advancement of all the major types of MAR and relate these to research and regulatory advancements. Faced with changing climate and rising intensity of climate extremes, MAR is an increasingly important water management strategy, alongside demand management, to maintain, enhance and secure stressed groundwater systems and to protect and improve water quality. During this time, scientific research—on hydraulic design of facilities, tracer studies, managing clogging, recovery efficiency and water quality changes in aquifers—has underpinned practical improvements in MAR and has had broader benefits in hydrogeology. Recharge wells have greatly accelerated recharge, particularly in urban areas and for mine water management. In recent years, research into governance, operating practices, reliability, economics, risk assessment and public acceptance of MAR has been undertaken. Since the 1960s, implementation of MAR has accelerated at a rate of 5%/year, but is not keeping pace with increasing groundwater extraction. Currently, MAR has reached an estimated 10 km3/year, ~2.4% of groundwater extraction in countries reporting MAR (or ~1.0% of global groundwater extraction). MAR is likely to exceed 10% of global extraction, based on experience where MAR is more advanced, to sustain quantity, reliability and quality of water supplies.
TL;DR: This review summarizes recent findings regarding biological activities, metabolism and bioavailability of the major olive oil phenolic compounds—hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol , oleuropein, oleocanthal and oleacein—the most important being their antiatherogenic, cardioprotective, anticancer, neuroprotective and endocrine effects.
Abstract: The Mediterranean diet and olive oil as its quintessential part are almost synonymous with a healthy way of eating and living nowadays. This kind of diet has been highly appreciated and is widely recognized for being associated with many favorable effects, such as reduced incidence of different chronic diseases and prolonged longevity. Although olive oil polyphenols present a minor fraction in the composition of olive oil, they seem to be of great importance when it comes to the health benefits, and interest in their biological and potential therapeutic effects is huge. There is a growing body of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as intervention-based clinical trials, revealing new aspects of already known and many new, previously unknown activities and health effects of these compounds. This review summarizes recent findings regarding biological activities, metabolism and bioavailability of the major olive oil phenolic compounds—hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, oleocanthal and oleacein—the most important being their antiatherogenic, cardioprotective, anticancer, neuroprotective and endocrine effects. The evidence presented in the review concludes that these phenolic compounds have great pharmacological potential, however, further studies are still required.
TL;DR: Current evidence allows for the conclusion that the DASH dietary pattern is associated with decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease and improves blood pressure with evidence of other cardiometabolic advantages in people with and without diabetes.
Abstract: Background: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern, which emphasizes fruit, vegetables, fat-free/low-fat dairy, whole grains, nuts and legumes, and limits saturated fat, cholesterol, red and processed meats, sweets, added sugars, salt and sugar-sweetened beverages, is widely recommended by international diabetes and heart association guidelines. Objective: To summarize the available evidence for the update of the European Association of the Study of Diabetes (EASD) guidelines, we conducted an umbrella review of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach of the relation of the DASH dietary pattern with cardiovascular disease and other cardiometabolic outcomes in prospective cohort studies and its effect on blood pressure and other cardiometabolic risk factors in controlled trials in individuals with and without diabetes. Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched through 3 January 2019. We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses assessing the relation of the DASH dietary pattern with cardiometabolic disease outcomes in prospective cohort studies and the effect on cardiometabolic risk factors in randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed the risk of bias of individual studies. The primary outcome was incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the prospective cohort studies and systolic blood pressure in the controlled trials. Secondary outcomes included incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes in prospective cohort studies and other established cardiometabolic risk factors in controlled trials. If the search did not identify an existing systematic review and meta-analysis on a pre-specified outcome, then we conducted our own systematic review and meta-analysis. The evidence was summarized as risk ratios (RR) for disease incidence outcomes and mean differences (MDs) for risk factor outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. Results: We identified three systematic reviews and meta-analyses of 15 unique prospective cohort studies (n = 942,140) and four systematic reviews and meta-analyses of 31 unique controlled trials (n = 4,414) across outcomes. We conducted our own systematic review and meta-analysis of 2 controlled trials (n = 65) for HbA1c. The DASH dietary pattern was associated with decreased incident cardiovascular disease (RR, 0.80 (0.76–0.85)), coronary heart disease (0.79 (0.71–0.88)), stroke (0.81 (0.72–0.92)), and diabetes (0.82 (0.74–0.92)) in prospective cohort studies and decreased systolic (MD, −5.2 mmHg (95% CI, −7.0 to −3.4)) and diastolic (−2.60 mmHg (−3.50 to −1.70)) blood pressure, Total-C (−0.20 mmol/L (−0.31 to −0.10)), LDL-C (−0.10 mmol/L (−0.20 to −0.01)), HbA1c (−0.53% (−0.62, −0.43)), fasting blood insulin (−0.15 μU/mL (−0.22 to −0.08)), and body weight (−1.42 kg (−2.03 to −0.82)) in controlled trials. There was no effect on HDL-C, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, or CRP. The certainty of the evidence was moderate for SBP and low for CVD incidence and ranged from very low to moderate for the secondary outcomes. Conclusions: Current evidence allows for the conclusion that the DASH dietary pattern is associated with decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease and improves blood pressure with evidence of other cardiometabolic advantages in people with and without diabetes. More research is needed to improve the certainty of the estimates.
TL;DR: The results of the EUROASPIRE V survey show that most coronary patients have a less than optimal management of LDL-C and more professional strategies are needed, aiming at lifestyle changes and LLT adapted to the need of the individual patient.
TL;DR: The simulation results illustrate that generative adversarial networks can generate new samples with high quality that capture the intrinsic features of the original data, but not to simply memorize the training data, and convolutional neural networks classification models show better classification performance than traditional machine learning models.
University of Greifswald1, Magna Græcia University2, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven3, University College London4, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust5, Hoffmann-La Roche6, Charles University in Prague7, Monash University8, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens9, University of Zagreb10, University of Nottingham11
TL;DR: In this review of the UNGAP Working group "Food-Drug Interface", the different mechanisms that can lead to pharmacokinetic food-drug interactions are discussed and summarised from different expert perspectives.
TL;DR: A hybrid metagenomic assembler named OPERA-MS is presented that integrates assembly-based metagenome clustering with repeat-aware, exact scaffolding to accurately assemble complex communities.
Abstract: Characterization of microbiomes has been enabled by high-throughput metagenomic sequencing. However, existing methods are not designed to combine reads from short- and long-read technologies. We present a hybrid metagenomic assembler named OPERA-MS that integrates assembly-based metagenome clustering with repeat-aware, exact scaffolding to accurately assemble complex communities. Evaluation using defined in vitro and virtual gut microbiomes revealed that OPERA-MS assembles metagenomes with greater base pair accuracy than long-read (>5×; Canu), higher contiguity than short-read (~10× NGA50; MEGAHIT, IDBA-UD, metaSPAdes) and fewer assembly errors than non-metagenomic hybrid assemblers (2×; hybridSPAdes). OPERA-MS provides strain-resolved assembly in the presence of multiple genomes of the same species, high-quality reference genomes for rare species (<1%) with ~9× long-read coverage and near-complete genomes with higher coverage. We used OPERA-MS to assemble 28 gut metagenomes of antibiotic-treated patients, and showed that the inclusion of long nanopore reads produces more contiguous assemblies (200× improvement over short-read assemblies), including more than 80 closed plasmid or phage sequences and a new 263 kbp jumbo phage. High-quality hybrid assemblies enable an exquisitely detailed view of the gut resistome in human patients. A more accurate metagenomics approach uses a hybrid assembler to incorporate short- and long-read sequences.
University of Oxford1, Newcastle University2, Yale University3, Yarmouk University4, Allen Institute for Brain Science5, University of California, San Diego6, University of Zagreb7, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill8, King's College London9, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro10, University of California, San Francisco11
TL;DR: Recent studies are highlighted that address how differences emerge during development focusing on diverse facets of the authors' evolution, including perception, thought, language, attention, episodic memory and voluntary movement.
Abstract: The cerebral cortex constitutes more than half the volume of the human brain and is presumed to be responsible for the neuronal computations underlying complex phenomena, such as perception, thought, language, attention, episodic memory and voluntary movement. Rodent models are extremely valuable for the investigation of brain development, but cannot provide insight into aspects that are unique or highly derived in humans. Many human psychiatric and neurological conditions have developmental origins but cannot be studied adequately in animal models. The human cerebral cortex has some unique genetic, molecular, cellular and anatomical features, which need to be further explored. The Anatomical Society devoted its summer meeting to the topic of Human Brain Development in June 2018 to tackle these important issues. The meeting was organized by Gavin Clowry (Newcastle University) and Zoltan Molnar (University of Oxford), and held at St John's College, Oxford. The participants provided a broad overview of the structure of the human brain in the context of scaling relationships across the brains of mammals, conserved principles and recent changes in the human lineage. Speakers considered how neuronal progenitors diversified in human to generate an increasing variety of cortical neurons. The formation of the earliest cortical circuits of the earliest generated neurons in the subplate was discussed together with their involvement in neurodevelopmental pathologies. Gene expression networks and susceptibility genes associated to neurodevelopmental diseases were discussed and compared with the networks that can be identified in organoids developed from induced pluripotent stem cells that recapitulate some aspects of in vivo development. New views were discussed on the specification of glutamatergic pyramidal and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons. With the advancement of various in vivo imaging methods, the histopathological observations can be now linked to in vivo normal conditions and to various diseases. Our review gives a general evaluation of the exciting new developments in these areas. The human cortex has a much enlarged association cortex with greater interconnectivity of cortical areas with each other and with an expanded thalamus. The human cortex has relative enlargement of the upper layers, enhanced diversity and function of inhibitory interneurons and a highly expanded transient subplate layer during development. Here we highlight recent studies that address how these differences emerge during development focusing on diverse facets of our evolution.
University of Belgrade1, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts2, Sheba Medical Center3, Rabin Medical Center4, Karolinska University Hospital5, Greifswald University Hospital6, Foundation University, Islamabad7, University of Padua8, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens9, Charles University in Prague10, National Institutes of Health11, University of Zagreb12, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg13, Hacettepe University14, Dokuz Eylül University15, University of London16, Brigham and Women's Hospital17, University of Zurich18, Vilnius University19, Linköping University20, University Hospital of Basel21, Queen's University Belfast22, The Volgograd State Medical University23, University of Brescia24, Heidelberg University25, University of Hasselt26, University Medical Center Groningen27, Charité28, University of Bologna29, University of Warwick30, St George's, University of London31
TL;DR: E epidemiology, pathophysiology, natural history and latest developments in treatment of HF in patients with dilated (DCM), hypertrophic (HCM) and restrictive (RCM) cardiomyopathies are focused on.
Abstract: Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of heart muscle diseases and an important cause of heart failure (HF). Current knowledge on incidence, pathophysiology and natural history of HF in cardiomyopathies is limited, and distinct features of their therapeutic responses have not been systematically addressed. Therefore, this position paper focuses on epidemiology, pathophysiology, natural history and latest developments in treatment of HF in patients with dilated (DCM), hypertrophic (HCM) and restrictive (RCM) cardiomyopathies. In DCM, HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has high incidence and prevalence and represents the most frequent cause of death, despite improvements in treatment. In addition, advanced HF in DCM is one of the leading indications for heart transplantation. In HCM, HF with preserved ejection (HFpEF) affects most patients with obstructive, and ∼10% of patients with non-obstructive HCM. A timely treatment is important, since development of advanced HF, although rare in HCM, portends a poor prognosis. In RCM, HFpEF is common, while HFrEF occurs later and more frequently in amyloidosis or iron overload/haemochromatosis. Irrespective of RCM aetiology, HF is a harbinger of a poor outcome. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of HF in cardiomyopathies have significant implications for therapeutic decision-making. In addition, new aetiology-specific treatment options (e.g. enzyme replacement therapy, transthyretin stabilizers, immunoadsorption, immunotherapy, etc.) have shown a potential to improve outcomes. Still, causative therapies of many cardiomyopathies are lacking, highlighting the need for the development of effective strategies to prevent and treat HF in cardiomyopathies.
Paul Sabatier University1, University of Copenhagen2, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan3, University of Cambridge4, Stanford University5, King Saud University6, University of Barcelona7, Hartwick College8, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research9, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut10, Autonomous University of Madrid11, University of Oslo12, National University of Mongolia13, University of Vienna14, University of Mainz15, Tarbiat Modares University16, Spanish National Research Council17, University of Lisbon18, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich19, University of Tehran20, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras21, Pablo de Olavide University22, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences23, Agricultural University of Iceland24, University of Potsdam25, Russian Academy of Sciences26, University of Gothenburg27, Pompeu Fabra University28, Samara State University29, Tallinn University30, Leibniz Association31, Humboldt University of Berlin32, ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon33, University of Oxford34, Centre national de la recherche scientifique35, Istanbul University36, Tbilisi State University37, University of Bordeaux38, Indian Council of Agricultural Research39, University of Edinburgh40, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg41, University of California, Santa Cruz42, University of Kashan43, University of California, Irvine44, University of Nottingham45, University of Exeter46, Max Planck Society47, University of Zagreb48, Karagandy State University49, University of Southampton50, Al-Farabi University51, deCODE genetics52, Université Paris-Saclay53
TL;DR: This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modern legacy of past equestrian civilizations and finds that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, and the development of modern breeding impacted genetic diversity more dramatically than the previous millennia of human management.
Royal Institute of Technology1, Zhejiang University2, Aalto University3, University of Michigan4, University of Siena5, University of Toronto6, University of Southampton7, Nanyang Technological University8, Purdue University9, University of California, San Diego10, École Polytechnique de Montréal11, City University of New York12, Fudan University13, University of Paris14, Carlos III Health Institute15, University of Zagreb16, University of Seville17, Université catholique de Louvain18
TL;DR: Metasurfaces are thin two-dimensional metamaterial layers that allow or inhibit the propagation of electromagnetic waves in desired directions as discussed by the authors, and have been demonstrated to be able to p...
Abstract: Metasurfaces are thin two-dimensional metamaterial layers that allow or inhibit the propagation of electromagnetic waves in desired directions. For example, metasurfaces have been demonstrated to p ...
TL;DR: The chemical composition, the effects of processing on the nutritional and bioactive composition of Allium species and their extracts, as well as the bioavailability of bioactive compounds of edible members from the Allium genus is discussed.
Helge Bruelheide1, Jürgen Dengler2, Jürgen Dengler3, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro4 +181 more•Institutions (100)
TL;DR: The sPlot database as mentioned in this paper contains 1,121,244 vegetation plots, which comprise 23,586,216 records of plant species and their relative cover or abundance in plots collected worldwide between 1885 and 2015.
Abstract: Aims :Vegetation-plot records provide information on the presence and cover or abundance of plants co-occurring in the same community. Vegetation-plot data are spread across research groups, environmental agencies and biodiversity research centers and, thus, are rarely accessible at continental or global scales. Here we present the sPlot database, which collates vegetation plots worldwide to allow for the exploration of global patterns in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity at the plant community level. Results: sPlot version 2.1 contains records from 1,121,244 vegetation plots, which comprise 23,586,216 records of plant species and their relative cover or abundance in plots collected worldwide between 1885 and 2015. We complemented the information for each plot by retrieving climate and soil conditions and the biogeographic context (e.g., biomes) from external sources, and by calculating community-weighted means and variances of traits using gap-filled data from the global plant trait database TRY. Moreover, we created a phylogenetic tree for 50,167 out of the 54,519 species identified in the plots. We present the first maps of global patterns of community richness and community-weighted means of key traits. Conclusions: The availability of vegetation plot data in sPlot offers new avenues for vegetation analysis at the global scale.
TL;DR: This work tested the hypothesis that a machine learning algorithm utilizing both complex echocardiographic data and clinical parameters could be used to phenogroup a heart failure cohort and identify patients with beneficial response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
Abstract: The work of S. Sanchez‐Martinez was supported by a fellowship from ‘la Caixa’ Banking Foundation. C. Butakoff was supported by a grant from the Fundacio La Marato de TV3 (n. 20154031), Spain. N. Duchateau was supported by ‘Programme Avenir Lyon Saint‐Etienne’ (PALSE‐IMPULSION‐2016, Lyon, France). MADIT‐CRT was sponsored by Boston Scientific, while no additional funding was provided for this analysis. This study was also partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant TIN2014‐52923‐R; Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme ‐ MDM‐2015‐0502) and FEDER.
TL;DR: case studies using a real dataset from Sydney indicate that the proposed PV-load decoupling framework shows a promising performance on PV output power estimation and can significantly improve the CBL estimation accuracy for customers with DPVSs.
Spanish National Research Council1, Polish Academy of Sciences2, Düzce University3, Russian Academy of Sciences4, United States Environmental Protection Agency5, Sapienza University of Rome6, Lviv University7, University of Lisbon8, University of Zagreb9, University of Tehran10, University of Ljubljana11, University of Helsinki12, Environment Agency13, University of Göttingen14, Pedagogical University15, Jiroft University16, Generalitat of Catalonia17, Norwegian Environment Agency18, Far Eastern Federal University19, Sukachev Institute of Forest20, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus21, Norwegian University of Life Sciences22, Peninsular Malaysia23, Hedmark University College24
TL;DR: Brown bear attacks on humans between 2000 and 2015 across most of the range inhabited by the species were investigated, and attacks have increased significantly over time and were more frequent at high bear and low human population densities.
Abstract: The increasing trend of large carnivore attacks on humans not only raises human safety concerns but may also undermine large carnivore conservation efforts. Although rare, attacks by brown bears Ursus arctos are also on the rise and, although several studies have addressed this issue at local scales, information is lacking on a worldwide scale. Here, we investigated brown bear attacks (n = 664) on humans between 2000 and 2015 across most of the range inhabited by the species: North America (n = 183), Europe (n = 291), and East (n = 190). When the attacks occurred, half of the people were engaged in leisure activities and the main scenario was an encounter with a female with cubs. Attacks have increased significantly over time and were more frequent at high bear and low human population densities. There was no significant difference in the number of attacks between continents or between countries with different hunting practices. Understanding global patterns of bear attacks can help reduce dangerous encounters and, consequently, is crucial for informing wildlife managers and the public about appropriate measures to reduce this kind of conflicts in bear country.
TL;DR: It is considered that the telomere length is the weak biomarker (with poor predictive accuracy), and there is currently no reliable biomarker that meets all the necessary criteria.
Abstract: The complex process of biological aging, as an intrinsic feature of living beings, is the result of genetic and, to a greater extent, environmental factors and time. For many of the changes taking place in the body during aging, three factors are important: inflammation, immune aging and senescence (cellular aging, biological aging). Senescence is an irreversible form of long-term cell-cycle arrest, caused by excessive intracellular or extracellular stress or damage. The purpose of this cell-cycles arrest is to limit the proliferation of damaged cells, to eliminate accumulated harmful factors and to disable potential malignant cell transformation. As the biological age does not have to be in accordance with the chronological age, it is important to find specific hallmarks and biomarkers that could objectively determine the rate of age of a person. These biomarkers might be a valuable measure of physiological, i.e. biological age. Biomarkers should meet several criteria. For example, they have to predict the rate of aging, monitor a basic process that underlies the aging process, be able to be tested repeatedly without harming the person. In addition, biomarkers have to be indicators of biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses to therapeutic intervention. It is considered that the telomere length is the weak biomarker (with poor predictive accuracy), and there is currently no reliable biomarker that meets all the necessary criteria.
TL;DR: Among patients undergoing elective CABG, anesthesia with a volatile agent did not result in significantly fewer deaths at 1 year than total intravenous anesthesia, and the trial was stopped for futility.
Abstract: Background Volatile (inhaled) anesthetic agents have cardioprotective effects, which might improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods ...
TL;DR: It is found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures, and slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes.
Abstract: River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented “next-generation biomonitoring” by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.