University of Zagreb

About: University of Zagreb is a education organization based out in Zagreb, Grad Zagreb, Croatia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & European union. The organization has 21769 authors who have published 50267 publications receiving 783239 citations. The organization is also known as: Zagreb University & Sveučilište u Zagrebu.

The stability of nitrogen-centered radicals

Abstract: Radical stabilization energies (RSEs) for a wide variety of nitrogen-centered radicals and their protonated counterparts have been calculated at G3(MP2)-RAD and G3B3 level. The calculated RSE values can be rationalized through the combined effects of resonance delocalization of the unpaired spin, electron donation through adjacent alkyl groups or lone pairs, and through inductive electron donation/electron withdrawal. The influence of ring strain effects as well as the synergistic combination of individual substituent effects (captodatively stabilized N-radicals) have also been explored. In symmetric N-radicals the substituents may also affect the relative ordering of electronic states. In most cases the π-type radical (unpaired spin distribution perpendicular to the plane of the N-radical) is found to be most stable. Closed shell precursors of biological and pharmaceutical relevance, for which neither experimental nor theoretical results on radical stabilities exist, have been included.

Role of dietary factors and food habits in the development of childhood obesity: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition

Abstract: This Comment by the Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition aims to provide a summary of the role of nutrition-related factors on obesity prevention in children ages 2 to 18 years. This Comment emphasizes that dietary interventions should be incorporated into a multidisciplinary strategy for obesity prevention. No single nutrient has been unequivocally associated with the development of obesity. Methodological limitations in study design and the complex nature of obesity must be taken into account when interpreting the association with reported dietary factors. Energy intake should be individually determined, taking into account energy expenditure and growth. Preferential intake of slowly absorbed carbohydrates and limiting the ingestion of rapidly absorbed carbohydrates and simple sugars should be promoted. No specific recommendations for macronutrient intakes to prevent obesity can be made. Plant foods can be used as the main food contributors to a well-balanced diet with adequate monitoring of nutrient intake. Plain water should be promoted as the main source of fluids for children instead of sugar-sweetened beverages. Children should eat at least 4 meals, including breakfast, every day. Regular family meals should be encouraged. Regular consumption of fast food with large portion sizes and high energy density should be avoided. Healthy food options should be promoted for snacking. Food portion sizes should be appropriate for age and body size. Nutrition and lifestyle education aimed at the prevention of obesity should be included in the routine care of children by health care professionals.

Recovery of anthocyanins from grape pomace extracts ( Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Mitos) using a polymeric adsorber resin

Abstract: Anthocyanins from a Cabernet Mitos grape pomace were extracted without sulfitation, purified and concentrated on a laboratory scale by adsorption to a styrene–divinylbenzene copolymerisate. The pigment loss during sample loading and washing of the column with water was negligible. Elution was performed with acidified methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol, respectively. The recovery rates ranged from 96 to 100% of anthocyanins when methanol was used, from 86 to 96% for ethanol and from 78 to 88% when pigments were eluted with 2-propanol. The temperature during adsorption and desorption (25 and 50 °C) did not significantly influence the pigment binding capacity. The recovery rates were not affected by the scale-up from laboratory to pilot-plant adsorption experiments. The use of polymeric resins facilitates nonthermal anthocyanin concentration since highly pigmented alcoholic eluates were obtained which can further be concentrated under mild conditions. The present study provides systematic data on adsorber technology increasingly used for the recovery of plant secondary metabolites.

First Determination of the Weak Charge of the Proton

Abstract: The Qweak experiment has measured the parity-violating asymmetry in polarized e-p elastic scattering at Q2 = 0.025(GeV/c)2, employing 145 microamps of 89% longitudinally polarized electrons on a 34.4cm long liquid hydrogen target at Jefferson Lab. The results of the experiment's commissioning run are reported here, constituting approximately 4% of the data collected in the experiment. From these initial results the measured asymmetry is Aep = -279 +- 35 (statistics) +- 31 (systematics) ppb, which is the smallest and most precise asymmetry ever measured in polarized e-p scattering. The small Q2 of this experiment has made possible the first determination of the weak charge of the proton, QpW, by incorporating earlier parity-violating electron scattering (PVES) data at higher Q2 to constrain hadronic corrections. The value of QpW obtained in this way is QnW(PVES) = 0.064 +- 0.012, in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction of QpW(SM) = 0.0710 +- 0.0007. When this result is further combined with the Cs atomic parity violation (APV) measurement, significant constraints on the weak charges of the up and down quarks can also be extracted. That PVES+APV analysis reveals the neutron's weak charge to be QnW(PVES+APV) = -0.975 +- 0.010.