Showing papers by "University of Zambia published in 1988"
TL;DR: In this article, the mean of the normal distribution curve p(t)= 1 σ 2φ exp − (t−12) 2 2σ 2 was obtained by matching the experimental and the theoretical values at the solar noon.
38 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is suggested that schistosomiasis of these organs is unlikely to be causally related to male infertility in Zambia, and the histological inactivity secondary to this parasitic infection is suggested.
Abstract: The pattern of schistosomiasis of the prostate and seminal vesicles in Zambia is presented. The results were based on histological examination and digestion of tissue obtained from 50 cadavers. Compared to the bladder (62%) and seminal vesicles (58%), the infestation was least common (50%) in the prostate. The infection was due to Schistosoma haematobium alone in all organs. The most significant finding was the histological inactivity secondary to this parasitic infection. It is suggested that schistosomiasis of these organs is unlikely to be causally related to male infertility in Zambia.
31 citations
TL;DR: Wizardry beliefs are seen by Mutumwa Nchimi healers to reflect the problems faced by urban dwellers in particular who find themselves afflicted by feelings of shame or guilt with respect to failure to observe traditional morality and, on the other hand, by an awareness of suspected rival forces in the competitive urban environment.
22 citations
TL;DR: The optimal dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for induction of ovulation was determined by comparing the ovulatory response of 119 mated ferrets with that of estrous females induced to ovulate with five different dosages of hCG.
Abstract: The optimal dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for induction of ovulation was determined by comparing the ovulatory response of 119 mated ferrets (controls) with that of estrous females induced to ovulate with five different dosages of hCG. Copulation induced formation of 12.7 ± 4.5 corpora lutea (CL) in all 119 females and resulted in a 90.7% conception rate as evidenced by finding approximately eight blastocysts/female in the uteri of 108 ferrets. All doses of hCG tested induced ovulation; however, the lower doses (50 and 75 IU) resulted in a lesser percentage of females ovulating. The highest doses of hCG (150 and 300 IU) resulted in fewer CL/female being formed. The optimal dose of hCG for simulating copulation induced ovulation was 100 IU. Tubal transport of unfertilized oocytes in pseudopregnant females was found to be significantly retarded when compared to the rate of transport of embryos in the control group.
22 citations
TL;DR: The results are interpreted as indicating that the 3 beta-HSD-positive luteal cells of ferrets progressively increase in size as small lutesal cells complete their differentiation from granulosa cells and ultimately form larger lutenal cells with somewhat different ultrastructural characteristics.
Abstract: Steroidogenic cells in the corpus luteum of the ferret (Mustela putorius) during early (Days 6 and 13) to midpregnancy (Day 24) were characterized using electron microscopy, immunocytochemical localization of neurophysin, and smears of dispersed cells obtained by dissociating luteal cells with collagenase. The latter were stained for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity, and the diameters of the cells were determined with an ocular micrometer. Very small cells (less than 12 microns) stained negative for 3 beta-HSD, occurred in clumps of 5-50 cells, and were presumed to be primarily endothelial cells. 3 beta-HSD-positive cells covered a wide spectrum of sizes ranging from 14 to 56 microns and did not exist as two discrete populations. The ratio of small (less than 25 microns) to large (greater than 25 microns) cells was 1.86:1.0 on Day 6, with the 17- to 20-microns cell size class predominating. On the day of implantation (Day 13), about 75% of the cells ranged from 26 to 50 microns, with the 29-microns size predominating. By Day 24, the ratio of small-to-large cells had declined to 0.15. Nearly 90% of the cells were in the 26- to 56-microns range, the predominant size being 35 microns. All size classes of luteal cells stained negative for neurophysin on all 3 days of pregnancy studied. Luteal cells obtained on Days 6, 13, and 24 of pregnancy failed to reveal any evidence of mitosis after in vivo or in vitro colchicine treatment. We interpret these results as indicating that the 3 beta-HSD-positive luteal cells of ferrets progressively increase in size as small luteal cells complete their differentiation from granulosa cells and ultimately form larger luteal cells with somewhat different ultrastructural characteristics.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the monthly average daily values of the extraterrestrial irradiation on a horizontal plane (H 0 ) and the maximum possible sunshine duration (S 0 ) are two important parameters that are frequently needed in various solar energy applications.
15 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Recommendations are made for the institution of mechanical ventilation in the developing world for patients managed in an intensive care unit in Zambia.
Abstract: The outcome of mechanical ventilation is reported in a prospective series of 200 patients managed in an intensive care unit in Zambia. Fifty two patients survived (26%), and 46 patients were subsequently discharged from hospital (23%). Ten patients died in whom a complication of ventilation was a factor. Patients not expected to survive by the authors had a 96.3% mortality whereas patients with a chance of survival had a mortality rate of 58.8%. Two diagnostic groups were found to have a high mortality: head injury (85.1%) and non-traumatic coma (76.4%). This series is compared with similar series from developed countries and recommendations are made for the institution of mechanical ventilation in the developing world.
15 citations
TL;DR: In September the daily voluntary feed intake of the untreated animals was significantly depressed and this difference in feed intake was associated with a 47 kg mean live weight advantage of the treated animals at housing, but no difference in digestive efficiency was recorded between the two groups.
15 citations
TL;DR: Amphibolite-facies marbles and calc-silicate rocks make up an important part of the supracrustal sequence in the Pan-African Zambezi belt of Zambia.
12 citations
12 citations
TL;DR: The first stage in the establishment of an iso-erodent map of Zambia is the development of a Zambian rainfall data bank, the calculation and discussion of three erosivity indices and correlating the erosity indices with rainfall amount as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, professional review teams in nine Third World countries assessed a sample of children referred as probable cases from a door to door household survey of 1000+ children aged 3 to 9.
Abstract: Professional review teams in nine Third World countries assessed a sample of children referred as probable cases (or as controls) from a door to door household survey of 1000+ children aged 3 to 9 ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the development and function of Acacia fallow in the Soli tribal land of central Zambia and examines the supplementary role of planted trees are described. But the main purpose of natural fallow is to improve soil fertility following a phase of cultivation and to provide useful forest products, including livestock feed.
Abstract: The purpose of natural fallow in bush-fallow cultivaton systems is to improve soil fertility following a phase of cultivation and to provide useful forest products, including livestock feed. When natural fallow fails to serve these purposes, it can be supplemented or replaced by planted trees. This paper describes the development and function ofAcacia fallow in the Soli tribal land of central Zambia and examines the supplementary role of planted trees.
TL;DR: For example, the terms-of-trade index, which measures the relationship of the purchasing power of one unit of the country's exports against her imports, dropped by 70 per cent from 1974 to 1985.
Abstract: THE ZAMBIAN ECONOMY is in a dismal situation. Up to the mid-1970 s Zambia had one of the most prosperous economies in Sub-Saharan Africa, based on copper mining which contributed more than 90 per cent of merchandise exports. Since real copper prices started to decline rapidly in 1975,1 conditions have been worsening continually. A development like this is not at all unique; the economic plight is shared by a great number of developing countries, which are notably concentrated in black Africa. Nor is Zambia worst off in every respect. It is only for the development of the terms-of-trade that Zambia's recent experience is unmatched by any other country in the world. The terms-of-trade index, which indicates the relationship of the purchasing power of one unit of the country's exports against her imports, dropped by 70 per cent from 1974 to 1985. But for every other economic indicator there seem to be countries against which even Zambia's weak performance can be compared favourably. However, taken collectively, the economic trends together fit into a syndrome that is most typical of a small primary exporting developing country in today's world environment. 2 A collapse in the price of primary exports together with rising prices for imports leads to a drastic reduction in the availability of imports. Since local production is heavily dependent on imported inputs, capacity utilization and value-added are seriously affected. Sinking profits and a shrinking tax-base tend to restrain capital maintenance and the rate of investment in private and public capital, thereby reducing efficiency still further. Lack of private and public savings, together with the severe trade balance deficit, induce increasing levels of external borrowing which, by the resulting burden of debt servicing, act as a further drain on domestic saving and foreign exchange earnings. The country thus becomes trapped in a vicious circle. In the case of Zambia the protracted crisis revealed inherent weaknesses in the economic and social structure which, during the prosperous years, were veiled by seemingly plentiful material resources and positive growth rates
TL;DR: Pasture larval counts peaked at greater than 60,000 larvae/kg dry weight of herbage in September on the control paddock, associated with a mean egg count of 1040 eggs/g faeces and clinical symptoms, and low helminth egg counts occurred on the MSRB plot.
12 Jan 1988-Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B-infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health
TL;DR: Five out of 53 workers in a cattle abattoir in Lusaka had antibodies against Rift Valley fever (RVF), but none of 40 Workers in a pig abattir were seropositive, suggesting transmission of the virus by direct contact with infected cattle is suggested.
Abstract: Summary
Five out of 53 workers in a cattle abattoir in Lusaka had antibodies against Rift Valley fever (RVF). None of 40 workers in a pig abattoir were seropositive. Transmission of the virus by direct contact with infected cattle is suggested.
In Mazabuka district, 19 out of 167 residents were positive for RVF; 13 out of the 19 had no previous contact with cattle. Hence, the possibility that transmission could occur by mosquito bite can not be excluded in rural areas.
Zusammenfassung
Auftreten von Rift Valley Fever in Lusaka und Mazabuka, Zambia
Funf von 53 Arbeitern aus einem Rinderschlachthof in Lusaka hatten Antikorper gegen Rift Valley Fever (RVF)-Virus. Keiner von 40 Arbeitern eines Schweineschlachthofes war seropositiv. Dies last darauf schliesen, das eine ubertragung des RVF-Virus durch unmittelbaren Kontakt mit infizierten Rindern moglich ist.
Im Mazabuka-Gebiet waren 19 von 167 Einwohnern seropositiv auf RVF-Virus: 13 von diesen Personen hatten keinen fruheren Kontakt zu Rindern. Es ist deshalb moglich, das die Krankheit in landlichen Gebieten auch durch Moskitostiche ubertragen wird.
TL;DR: In this paper, farm labour, agrarian capital and the state in colonial Zambia: the African Labour Corps, 1942-52, and the African National Congress (ANCC) were discussed.
Abstract: (1988). Farm Labour, agrarian capital and the state in colonial Zambia: the African Labour Corps, 1942–52. Journal of Southern African Studies: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 371-392.
TL;DR: The results of the application of the SIMAN computer language to an open pit truck/shovel materials handling system are summarized, its features are compared with other simulation languages and its usefulness for simulation of mining systems is evaluated.
Abstract: The SIMAN computer language is a general-purpose, discrete-continuous simulation analysis language for modeling a variety of systems. The language has been extensively used for modeling manufacturing systems but has many features that are advantageous in the modeling of mining materials handling systems. The authors have evaluated the language by applying it to an open pit truck/shovel materials handling system. This paper summarizes the results of the application of the model, compares its features with other simulation languages and evaluates its usefulness for simulation of mining systems.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the extent of domestic involvement in the Metal Fabricators of Zambia (ZAMEFA), a parastatal entity that produces wire bars and rods from copper billets.
Abstract: The parastatal sector in Zambia includes several enterprises in which the state has either a controlling interest or majority ownership of share capital (Zambia, 1972: 96; 1975: 130-134; 1979: 243). One such entity is the Metal Fabricators of Zambia (ZAMEFA), created in 1969, to manufacture wire bars and rods from copper billets (Sklar, 1975: 94; Maxwell Stamp Associates [Africa] Ltd., 1968: 195-217). The purpose of this article is to assess the extent of domestic involvement in ZAMEFA. The criteria for such assessment include decisions regarding product mix and marketing, production technology/techniques and sources of raw materials, investment decisions, research and development, and management development and training.
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, explicit expressions for vibrational frequencies for isotopically substituted pyramidal X Y 3 and tetrahedral X Y 4 -molecules are given for the first time involving properly defined mixing parameters.
[...]
TL;DR: The chloride content of the groundwater increases towards Lake Torrens as discussed by the authors, and major enrichment occurs on the playa and is caused by evaporation from the capillary zone.
Abstract: The chloride content of the groundwater increases towards Lake Torrens. Major enrichment occurs on the playa and is caused by evaporation from the capillary zone. The chloride is sea derived via cyclic aeolian transport.
TL;DR: In this paper, a model based on multiple linear regression was used to predict and map the erosivity of 257 Zambian rainfall recording stations to calculate the ero-ness of the stations.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed selected research and literature related to women in Zambia; the subject matter is discussed under four categories: socialisation of girls in schools, training needs of women who lack adequate education, in rural areas, involvement of women in the informal sector of the urban areas, and research that deals with the status of women through study of government structure and other societal attitudes is discussed.
Abstract: This article reviews selected research and literature related to women in Zambia; the subject matter is discussed under four categories. The first category of research focuses on the socialisation of girls in schools. The second is directed to the training needs of women, who lack adequate education, in rural areas. Then, research on the involvement of women in the informal sector of the urban areas is presented. Lastly, research that deals with the status of women through study of government structure and other societal attitudes is discussed.