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Institution

University of Zimbabwe

EducationHarare, Harare, Zimbabwe
About: University of Zimbabwe is a education organization based out in Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The organization has 4378 authors who have published 6800 publications receiving 160720 citations. The organization is also known as: UZ & University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that mothers' pragmatic attitudes, interacting with certain social, cultural, and economic variables, are important factors influencing their child feeding decisions, especially resisting the use of commercial infant formula, at least in this rural area, and promoting prolonged breastfeeding.

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Murphree as discussed by the authors has chosen the topic of communal approaches to natural management as the subject of this address for three reasons: 1) it is a topic which receives attention in several presentations prepared for this symposium, and 2) having grown in the last two decades from a relatively untested conceptual stance to the status of conventional wisdom in much development discourse, communal approaches are under attack.
Abstract: COMMUNAL APPROACHES TO NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN AFRICA: FROM WHENCE AND TO WHERE? By Marshall W. Murphree Keynote Address to THE 2004 BRESLAUER GRADUATE STUDENT SYMPOSIUM Berkeley, California 5 March 2004 I. INTRODUCTION I have chosen the topic of communal approaches to natural management as the subject of this address for three reasons. Firstly it is a topic which receives attention in several presentations prepared for this symposium. Secondly, having grown in the last two decades from a relatively untested conceptual stance to the status of conventional wisdom in much development discourse, communal approaches are under attack, both from donor agencies impatient with the lack of evidence of immediate and positive results and from scholarship in the narrative-counter-narrative mode. The topic is thus likely to be prominent in academic and development discourse in the next few years. Finally, my choice has been dictated by the broader significance of the topic for the evolution of governance in Africa. What is happening in communal approaches to natural resource management provides in large measure a surrogate picture of elements of this evolution, and until we grasp this our analysis will be blinkered by a focus on element, to the exclusion of essence.

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ability of An.
Abstract: Two mitochondrial DNA clades have been described in Anopheles funestus populations from southern Africa. Clade I is common across the continent while clade II is known only from Mozambique and Madagascar. The specific biological status of these clades is at present unknown. We investigated the possible role that each clade might play in the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and the insecticide resistance status of An. funestus from Zimbabwe and Zambia. Mosquitoes were collected inside houses from Nchelenge District, Zambia and Honde Valley, Zimbabwe in 2013 and 2014. WHO susceptibility tests, synergist assays and resistance intensity tests were conducted on wild females and progeny of wild females. ELISA was used to detect Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein. Specimens were identified to species and mtDNA clades using standard molecular methods. The Zimbabwean samples were all clade I while the Zambian population comprised 80% clade I and 20% clade II in both years of collection. ELISA tests gave an overall infection rate of 2.3% and 2.1% in 2013, and 3.5% and 9.2% in 2014 for Zimbabwe and Zambia respectively. No significant difference was observed between the clades. All populations were resistant to pyrethroids and carbamates but susceptible to organochlorines and organophosphates. Synergist assays indicated that pyrethroid resistance is mediated by cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases. Resistance intensity tests showed high survival rates after 8-hrs continuous exposure to pyrethroids but exposure to bendiocarb gave the same results as the susceptible control. This is the first record of An. funestus mtDNA clade II occurring in Zambia. No evidence was found to suggest that the clades are markers of biologically separate populations. The ability of An. funestus to withstand prolonged exposure to pyrethroids has serious implications for the use of these insecticides, either through LLINs or IRS, in southern Africa in general and resistance management strategies should be urgently implemented.

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The levels of Ni, Zn, Fe, Co, Cr, Pb, Cu and Cd were determined in water hyacinth and water samples collected from Mukuvisi and Manyame rivers in Zimbabwe.
Abstract: The levels of Ni, Zn, Fe, Co, Cr, Pb, Cu and Cd were determined in water hyacinth and water samples collected from Mukuvisi and Manyame rivers in Zimbabwe. Metal concentrations in the plants were much higher than in the water, and bioconcentration factors of 1 to 4 orders of magnitude were obtained depending on the element. In addition the levels of most elements studied were significantly higher in the roots than the tops of the plants.

65 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the use efficiency of nitrogen derived from different quality organic resources and mineral fertilizers on sandy soils with 750 mm yr−1 was evaluated, where commonly available organic materials, including manure and composted miombo leaf litter, applied in varying amounts by farmers.
Abstract: Optimising the use efficiency of nitrogen (N) derived from different quality organic resources and mineral fertilizers on sandy soils with 750 mm yr−1), commonly available organic materials, including manure and composted miombo leaf litter, applied in varying amounts by farmers were evaluated. Nitrogen release patterns were consistent with differences in resource quality. At 3 weeks after incorporation into soil at the onset of the rains, C. juncea and C. calothyrsus had released as high as 24% and 13% of added N respectively, compared with no more than 5–6% for the rest of the amended treatments. Most of the N released was lost through leaching as evidenced by progressive movement of NO3−-N bulges beyond maize rooting depth following major rainfall events. Maize yields were significantly related to the size of profile mineral N fluxes, with the best linear relationship (R2 = 0.86) obtained with N available in the top 30 cm of soil at maize flowering. High grain yields of ~3 t ha−1 were only achieved with C. juncea applied at 4 t C ha−1, which also had highest NO3−-N leaching losses. Conversely, the same application rate increased N immobilization by 30% and 42% under maize stover and sawdust, respectively, relative to the control. Results from farmers’ fields showed that organic resources traditionally used on smallholder farms are invariably of low quality relative to C. juncea and C. calothyrsus. However, they exhibited shorter N immobilization effects than was shown for maize stover and sawdust at Makoholi, suggesting that pre-application treatments, such as composting, employed by farmers enhance seasonal N benefits from these materials. Maize yields increased linearly with total N added in these resources in combination with N fertilizer, justifying the high organic matter loading strategy (e.g. >20 t ha−1 for manure, fresh litter and composted litter) used by farmers who often achieve high crop yields on such coarse sandy soils in Zimbabwe.

65 citations


Authors

Showing all 4433 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Didier Raoult1733267153016
Roy M. Anderson11652665549
Vikram Patel11665459717
Richard M. Cowling9639230042
Ken E. Giller9255536374
Leif Bertilsson8732123933
Johan Rockström8523657842
Alex Aiken7729520254
Frances M. Cowan7645619984
Robert J. Biggar7323118474
Charles A. Thornton7118217195
David Wilson6961818780
David Katzenstein6928021239
Bruce M. Campbell6722717616
David Sanders6549217119
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202327
202289
2021485
2020393
2019291
2018326