University of Zimbabwe

About: University of Zimbabwe is a education organization based out in Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The organization has 4378 authors who have published 6800 publications receiving 160720 citations. The organization is also known as: UZ & University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.

Assessment of the major water and nutrient flows in the Chivero catchment area, Zimbabwe

Abstract: The management of water resources is best done on an integrated catchment basis; taking into account the impact of pollution on available water quantity and quality. A study was done from June 2000 to March 2001 in Harare, Zimbabwe, to establish major water and nutrient flows in the Chivero subcatchment area. Lake Chivero is part of the major water supply source for Harare and is located downstream. Discharges from sewage treatment works, urban and rural agriculture, and industries, have caused a severe stress on water quality of the eutrophic lake. The study quantified major water flows through gauging stations on rivers, current metering, and hydrological modelling. Flows for raw water abstractions, sewage and water treatment works were obtained from continuous metering and pumping readings. Water samples were collected monthly for sewage, rivers and Lake Chivero, and analysed according to standard methods. Water and nutrient balances were developed. The results showed that urban water demand would exceed available treatment capacity by the year 2003. Sewage effluent presently is the major source of nutrients in the rivers. The absence of adequate flushing of the lake gives rise to accumulation of the nutrients in the lake. It was concluded that the current situation is not sustainable. It was recommended that the next water supply source be found outside the catchment so that its water can help flush the lake, and that sewage be treated to higher standards (without any pasture irrigation) and discharged directly into the rivers for recycling. The other alternative is to recycle the nutrients in controlled urban agriculture, thereby reducing fertiliser runoff. Stricter regulations and regular monitoring was recommended to control industrial pollution.

The Association between Spousal Gender Based Violence and Women's Empowerment among Currently Married Women aged 15-49 in Zimbabwe: Evidence from the 2010-11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey

Abstract: In Zimbabwe, levels of spousal Gender-Based Violence (GBV) remain a health, human rights and development concern. The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between spousal GBV and women's empowerment among women aged 15-49 who were currently in union or living with a man. The analysis utilised the 2010-11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) data. Spousal violence was measured by different forms of GBV i.e. physical, emotional, sexual violence and overall GBV. Overall, 48.2% of women of reproductive age who are in a union experience some type of GBV. More specifically, 26.9% report physical violence, 25.7% sexual violence and 25.7% emotional violence. The analysis showed that women who did not participate in decision-making at household level were more likely to experience GBV than those who do. Women who have control over their spouses' earnings were less likely to suffer from GBV. However, ownership of property (land and/or house) was not associated with spousal GBV. Women who were in polygamous unions, whose spouses drank alcohol, earned less than their spouses and had a history of non-spousal physical violence were more likely to experience GBV than all other women. Younger women (aged 15-19 years) were more likely to experience spousal emotional, physical and sexual violence than the older age groups. Recommendations are to improve women's participation in decision making, mainstreaming GBV in development, and improve the economic and social emancipation of women and girls. Keywords: Spousal violence, emotional violence, physical violence, sexual violence, gender based violence, intimate partner violence, women's empowerment Resume Au Zimbabwe, les niveaux de la violence conjugale a caractere sexiste restera toujours l'une des preoccu-pations de la sante, des droits de l'homme et du developpement. L'objectif principal de cette etude etait d'examiner l'association entre la violence conjugale a caractere sexiste et l'autonomisation des femmes chez les femmes âges de 15 a 49 ans actuellement en union conjugale ou vivant en couple avec un homme. L'analyse a utilise des donnees recueillies dans l'Enquete demographique et de sante au Zimba-bwe (ZDHS) effectuee entre 2010 et 11 [The 2010-11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS)]. La violence conjugale a ete mesuree par differentes formes de violence a caractere sexiste c'est-a-dire physique, emotionnel, la violence sexuelle et la la violence a caractere sexiste globale. Glob-alement, 48.2% des femmes en âge de procreer en union conjugale en subit la violence a caractere sex-iste sous une forme ou une autre. Plus specifiquement, 26.9% d'entre-elles dit avoir ete victimes de vio-lence physique, 25.7% d'entre-elles signale avoir souffert des violences sexuelles et 25.7% fait part de la violence emotionnelle. Cette analyse a demontre que les femmes qui ne participent pas a la prise de deci-sion au niveau des menages etaient plus susceptibles que celles qui y participent de d'etre touchees par la violence a caractere sexiste. Les femmes qui disposent a leur gre du revenu de leurs conjoints etaient moins susceptibles de souffrir de la violence a caractere sexiste. Toutefois, la propriete des biens (terres et/ou maison) n'est pas associee a la violence conjugale a caractere sexiste. Les femmes en unions polyg-ames, dont les conjoints consomment de l'alcool, gagnent moins que leurs conjoints et qui ont un lourd passe en matiere de la violence physique non-conjugale etaient les plus susceptibles que toutes les autres femmes de subir la violence a caractere sexiste. Les femmes plus jeunes (agees de 15 a 19 ans) etaient plus susceptibles que les groupes plus âges de connaitre la violence conjugale sous forme emotionnelle, physique et sexuelle. Les recommandations de cette etude sont destinees a amelioration de la participa-tion des femmes a la prise de decision, a l'integration de la violence a caractere sexiste dans le de-veloppement, et a amelioration de l'emancipation economique et sociale des femmes et des filles. Mots cles: Conjugale, sexuelle, la violence, l'egalite entre les sexes, l'autonomisation Language: en