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Institution

University of Zimbabwe

EducationHarare, Harare, Zimbabwe
About: University of Zimbabwe is a education organization based out in Harare, Harare, Zimbabwe. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The organization has 4378 authors who have published 6800 publications receiving 160720 citations. The organization is also known as: UZ & University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results showed that the vegetation coverage for the whole country, reaching the lowest levels of 6.2% and 5.5% were observed in drought years 2001 and 2008, however, there is a huge inter-regional variation in vegetation coverage in the study period with a significant rising trend in Helmand Watershed.
Abstract: Drought has severe impacts on human society and ecosystems. In this study, we used data acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) sensors to examine the drought effects on vegetation in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2018. The MODIS data included the 16-day 250-m composites of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) with Land Surface Temperature (LST) images with 1 km resolution. The TRMM data were monthly rainfalls with 0.1-degree resolution. The relationship between drought and index-defined vegetation variation was examined by using time series, regression analysis, and anomaly calculation. The results showed that the vegetation coverage for the whole country, reaching the lowest levels of 6.2% and 5.5% were observed in drought years 2001 and 2008, respectively. However, there is a huge inter-regional variation in vegetation coverage in the study period with a significant rising trend in Helmand Watershed with R = 0.66 (p value = 0.05). Based on VCI for the same two years (2001 and 2008), 84% and 72% of the country were subject to drought conditions, respectively. Coherently, TRMM data confirm that 2001 and 2008 were the least rainfall years of 108 and 251 mm, respectively. On the other hand, years 2009 and 2010 were registered with the largest vegetation coverage of 16.3% mainly due to lower annual LST than average LST of 14 degrees and partially due to their slightly higher annual rainfalls of 378 and 425 mm, respectively, than the historical average of 327 mm. Based on the derived VCI, 28% and 21% of the study area experienced drought conditions in 2009 and 2010, respectively. It is also found that correlations are relatively high between NDVI and VCI (r = 0.77, p = 0.0002), but slightly lower between NDVI and precipitation (r = 0.51, p = 0.03). In addition, LST played a key role in influencing the value of NDVI. However, both LST and precipitation must be considered together in order to properly capture the correlation between drought and NDVI.

53 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: References [1] B.B.V. VARGAFTIG, M.E. LEFORT and F.Y. WAL, Background and present status of research on platelet activating factor (PAF-acether), Ann.
Abstract: References [1] B.B. VARGAFTIG, M. CHIGNARD, J. BENVENISTE, J. LEFORT and F. WAL, Background and present status of research on platelet activating factor (PAF-acether), Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 370, 119-137 (1981). [2] C.V. WEDMORE and T.J. WILLIAMS, Platelet-aetivating factor (PAF), a secretory product of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, increases vascular permeability in rabbit skin, Br. J. Pharmac. 74, 916-917P (198 I). 13] N.P. STIMLER, C.M. BLOOR, T.E. HUGLI, R.L. WYKLE, C.E. McCALL and J.T. O'FLAHERTY, Anaphylactic actions of platelet-aetivating factor, Am. J. Pathol. 105, 64-69 (1981). 141 J.L. BEETS and W. PAUL, Actions of locally administered adrenoceptor agonists on increased plasma protein extravasation and blood flow in guinea-pig skin, Br. J. Pharmac. 70, 461-467 (1980). 151 C.P. PAGE, W. PAUL and J. MORLEY, An in vivo model for studying platelet aggregation and disaggregation, Thrombos. Haemostas. 47, 210-213 (1982).

53 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that HIV infection has an immediate impact on genital tract immunity, as evidenced by the high risk of multiple new HPV detections immediately after HIV acquisition.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals who acquire human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may experience an immediate disruption of genital tract immunity altering the ability to mount a local and effective immune response. This study examined the impact of early HIV infection on new detection of human papillomavirus (HPV). METHODS: One hundred fifty-five Zimbabwean women with observation periods before and after HIV acquisition and 486 HIV-uninfected women were selected from a cohort study evaluating hormonal contraceptive use and risk of HIV acquisition. Study visits occurred at 3-month intervals. Cervical swab samples available from up to 6 months before at and up to 6 months after the visit when HIV was first detected were typed for 37 HPV genotypes or subtypes. RESULTS: We observed approximately 5-fold higher odds of multiple (>/=2) new HPV detections only after HIV acquisition relative to HIV-negative women after adjusting for sexual behavior and concurrent genital tract infections. We also observed approximately 2.5-fold higher odds of single new HPV detections at visits before and after HIV acquisition relative to HIV-uninfected women in multivariable models. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that HIV infection has an immediate impact on genital tract immunity as evidenced by the high risk of multiple new HPV detections immediately after HIV acquisition. (c) The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.

53 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The conceptualisation of an ‘adherence competent community’ is developed, showing how members of five networks have taken advantage of the gradual public normalisation of HIV/AIDS and improved drug and service availability to construct new norms of solidarity with HIV and AIDS sufferers.

53 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored local controls relating to trees and spaces of the local environment in Nyamaropa Communal Lands in theNyanga District of eastern Zimbabwe and found that there is tremendous emotional and ethical investment intrees and spaces in the environment.
Abstract: This study explored local controls relating to trees and spacesof the local environment in Nyamaropa Communal Lands in theNyanga District of eastern Zimbabwe. Controls were consideredin a broad and inclusive framework encompassing codified rules,taboos, and, regulatory norms and emotions. Special emphasis waslaid on people‘s emotional and ethical investment in the abovecomponents of the environment – trees and spaces. The studyemployed intensive informal and group interviews. Results showthat there is tremendous emotional and ethical investment intrees and spaces of the environment in Nyamaropa. Emotions comein a variety of forms: fear, shunning, love, reverence, andconfidence and security enhancement. The emotional and ethicalnorms are designed to govern behavior and the context of resourceutilization. These norms have implications on the organization ofspaces of the local environment and regimes of resource utilizationoccurring in them. Location of resources in spaces of the environmenthas implications on the management of resources within them. Thedomains of human habitation – home bases and home fields – werefound to be the most emotionally laden spaces with trees in thembeing actively planted, nurtured, conserved, eliminated, or destroyedon the basis of certain emotions and norms. The findings of the studyhave implications within the framework of decentralization and ofdemocratization of natural resource management.

53 citations


Authors

Showing all 4433 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Didier Raoult1733267153016
Roy M. Anderson11652665549
Vikram Patel11665459717
Richard M. Cowling9639230042
Ken E. Giller9255536374
Leif Bertilsson8732123933
Johan Rockström8523657842
Alex Aiken7729520254
Frances M. Cowan7645619984
Robert J. Biggar7323118474
Charles A. Thornton7118217195
David Wilson6961818780
David Katzenstein6928021239
Bruce M. Campbell6722717616
David Sanders6549217119
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202327
202289
2021485
2020393
2019291
2018326