Showing papers by "University of Zurich published in 1979"
TL;DR: A modification of the Berk-Sharp technique is used to determine that the 5' termini of the mouse 15 S beta-globin precursor and the mature mRNA have identical map coordinates.
Abstract: We have used a modification of the Berk-Sharp technique to determine that the 5' termini of the mouse 15 S beta-globin precursor and the mature mRNA have identical map coordinates. The modification involves the use of 5' (or 3') terminally labeled probes; it allows the detection of the precursor in the presence of excess mature mRNA.
942 citations
01 Mar 1979-Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology
TL;DR: It is proposed that due to the existence of an intensity dimension, NREM-sleep is finely regulated around its baseline level, and thus may be readily and accurately adjusted to current ‘needs’, whereas REM-sleep, lacking an apparent intensity gradient, is regulated around a level which is considerably below baseline.
Abstract: 1.
The vigilance states (waking, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM (NREM) sleep), motor activity, food intake and water intake were continuously recorded by telemetry in unrestrained rats. In addition, an amplitude measure and a frequency measure (number of zero-crossings (ZCR) per 10 s) of the telemetered EEG-signal was obtained. The animals were recorded during a control day, then subjected to 12-h or 24-h sleep-deprivation (SD) by means of a slowly rotating cylinder, and subsequently recorded for further 1–2 days. The EEG-parameters were recorded also during SD.
2.
On the control day, the EEG-amplitude of NREM-sleep exhibited a decreasing trend in the 12-h light-phase (Figs. 3, 4). The occurence of slow wave sleep (SWS; defined as the NREM-sleep fraction with less than 40 ZCR/10 s) was practically limited to the first part of the light-phase (Figs. 2, 4). Cumulative plots of the zero-crossing bands (Fig. 2) revealed a prominent daily rhythm in the EEG-frequency distributionwithin NREM-sleep.
3.
The percentage of NREM-sleep and REM-sleep was little affected by the 12-h SD, but the amount of SWS and the EEG-amplitude of NREM-sleep were increased (Figs. 4, 6). After a 24-h SD period terminating before light-onset, NREM-sleep was reduced and REM-sleep was markedly enhanced (Figs. 4, 6; Table 1). Both the duration and frequency of REM-sleep episodes were increased, and episodes of total sleep prolonged (Table 2). The amount of SWS was significantly more increased after 24-h SD than after 12-h SD, whereas the EEG-amplitude of NREM-sleep was enhanced to a similar extent after both SD-schedules (Tables 1, 3 Fig. 6).
4.
After a 24-h SD period terminating before dark-onset, sleep (particularly REM-sleep) was enhanced in the first hours of the dark-phase, yet the usual high activity bouts prevailed in the later part of the dark-phase (Figs. 7, 8; Table 1). The extent and time-course of REM-sleep rebound was similar after the two 24-SD schedules, whereas SWS-rebound was different: SWS exhibited a one-stage rebound when recovery started in the light-phase, and a two-stage rebound when recovery started in the dark-phase (Fig. 9).
5.
A comparison of the effects of 12-h SD performed with the usual and with the double cylinder rotation rate, showed only small differences, indicating that forced locomotion was a minor factor in comparison to sleep-deprivation (Fig. 10; Table 1).
6.
The daily pattern of SWS on control days, and the marked increase of SWS after SD correspond to the results from other animal and human studies. It is proposed that due to the existence of an intensity dimension, NREM-sleep is finely regulated around its baseline level, and thus may be readily and accurately adjusted to current ‘needs’, whereas REM-sleep, lacking an apparent intensity gradient, is regulated around a level which is considerably below baseline. Thus, in contrast to NREM-sleep, REM-sleep compensation can occur only by an increase in the time devoted to this state, thereby curtailing the time available for other activities.
277 citations
TL;DR: Oliteration of the pneumatic spaces of the temporal bone with permanent occlusion of the Eustachian tube and blindsack closure of the external auditory canal avoids the danger of postoperative infection and leads to primary wound healing in the shortest time.
Abstract: • An infratemporal fossa approach for extensive tumors of the temporal bone, clivus, and parasellar and parasphenoid regions features permanent anterior transposition of the facial nerve, resection of the mandibular condyle, and mobilization of the zygoma and lateral orbital rim. Obliteration of the pneumatic spaces of the temporal bone with permanent occlusion of the Eustachian tube and blindsack closure of the external auditory canal avoids the danger of postoperative infection and leads to primary wound healing in the shortest time. Three cases demonstrate selective utilization of the infratemporal fossa approach. Short-term results and complications were observed in 51 patients. ( Arch Otolaryngol 105:99-107, 1979)
274 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the visual field of a specialized dorsal part of the ant's retina is mapped on to the celestial sphere to consider the possibility that similar mechanisms are used to define directions on earth by exploiting skylight patterns present at infinity.
Abstract: For navigation, desert ants apply piloting and dead-reckoning strategies based on terrestrial and celestial visual cues, respectively. Visual spatial memories, rather than general concepts derived from landmark constellations, are most probably used to define points on earth by nearby landmarks. The visual field of a specialized dorsal part of the ant's retina is mapped on to the celestial sphere to consider the possibility that similar mechanisms are used to define directions on earth by exploiting skylight patterns present at infinity.
246 citations
TL;DR: The demonstration of afferents from the contralateral interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and from the nearby rostral interInterstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, predominantly ipsilateral to the injection site, confirms the significant role of these two regions as premotor structures.
234 citations
TL;DR: The nucleotide sequence of a cloned rabbit chromosomal DNA segment which contains a beta-globin gene is presented and the homologous introns may be derived from common ancestral introns by large insertions and deletions rather than be multiple point mutations.
Abstract: The nucleotide sequence of a cloned rabbit chromosomal DNA segment of 1620 nucleotides length which contains a beta-globin gene is presented. The coding regions are separated into three blocks by two intervening sequences of 126 and 573 base pairs, respectively. The rabbit sequence was compared with a homologous mouse sequence. The segments flanking the rabbit gene, as well as the coding regions, the 5' noncoding and part of the 3' noncoding messenger RNA sequences are similar to those of the mouse gene; the homologous introns, despite identical location, are distinctly dissimilar except for the junction regions. Homologous introns may be derived from common ancestral introns by large insertions and deletions rather than be multiple point mutations.
213 citations
TL;DR: Vestibulothalamic projections were studied in the monkey by injecting anerograde trace substances (radioactive leucine and proline) into the vestibular nuclear complex and terminal labelling was sparse, and scattered over wide areas.
210 citations
TL;DR: Mouse thymidine kinase-negative L cells were transformed with a cloned rabbit chromosomal β-globin gene linked to the cloned thymazine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 and produced up to 2,000 copies of rabbit β- globin RNA per cell indistinguishable from its authentic counterpart.
Abstract: Mouse thymidine kinase-negative L cells were transformed with a cloned rabbit chromosomal β-globin gene linked to the cloned thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. Most thymidine kinase-positive cell lines contained one or more copies of rabbit β-globin DNA and produced up to 2,000 copies of rabbit β-globin RNA per cell indistinguishable from its authentic counterpart. No mouse β-globin mRNA was detected.
201 citations
TL;DR: Midbrain projections from the precentral and premotor cortex were studied autoradiographically in seven macaques and direct evidence for the overlap between corticorubral projections and corresponding areas of origin of the rubrospinal tract was obtained.
Abstract: Midbrain projections from the precentral and premotor cortex were studied autoradiographyically in seven macaques. Earlier findings of Kuypers and Lawrence (1967) based on silver impregnated axonal degeneration were largely confirmed and partly extended. Laminar projections into the parvocellular red nucleus were found bilaterally from the somatotopic representation areas of the precentral cortex and three main divisions of premotor cortex (ventral, dorsal, and medial). The heaviest contralateral projection was recorded from the medial hemispheric aspects of area 6 (partly identical with the supplementary motor cortex). Homolateral projections were found from the limb areas of the precentral motor cortex to the magnocellular portion of the red nucleus and direct evidence for the overlap between corticorubral projections and corresponding areas of origin of the rubrospinal tract was obtained. Other projections concerned N. Darkschewitsch, N. Edinger-Westphal, suprarubral and dorsal mesencephalic reticular formation and adjacent lateral periaqueductal grey, substantia nigra, pretectal region, superior colliculus and N. tegmenti pedunculo-pontinus.
197 citations
187 citations
TL;DR: From the restriction and sequencing analyses it can be deduced that in recent evolutionary times the DNA sequences near the 5' end of the ribosomal transcription unit were reduplicated twice and displaced into spacer by saltation of an intervening short DNA sequence (the 60/81 bp canons).
TL;DR: X-ray-induced mitotic recombination was used to follow the development and function of the female germ line in Drosophila melanogaster and indicated that the stem cell divisions characteristic of the adult period have begun shortly after pupation.
TL;DR: Indomethacin was shown to delay the onset and to suppress the magnitude of the acute inflammatory reaction, and decrease the degree of alveolar bone resorption.
Abstract: 1. The placement of cotton floss ligatures in a position apical to the gingival margin of premolars and molars in young dogs induced an acute inflammatory reaction in the periodontal tissues resulting in loss of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone. 2. Bone resorption could be observed histologically within 7 days, and radiographically within 2 to 3 weeks after ligature placement. 3. Daily administration of indomethacin interfered with the periodontal tissue response to ligature placement. Indomethacin was shown to (i) delay the onset and to suppress the magnitude of the acute inflammatory reaction, and (ii) decrease the degree of alveolar bone resorption.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors established the list of GL5-orbits on Alg5 under the action of structural transport and established upper and lower bounds for the asymptotic behaviour of the numberalgn.
Abstract: The scheme Alg5 of associative, unitary algebra structures on k5, k an algebraically closed field with char (k)≠2 is investigated. We establish the list of GL5-orbits on Alg5 under the action of structural transport. The numberalg5 of irreducible components of Alg5 is 10; a list of generic structures is included. We exhibit upper and lower bounds for the asymptotic behaviour of the numberalgn.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider a mild nonlinear elliptic boundary value problem and derive lower bounds on the number of solutions, given appropriate hypotheses concerning the asymptotic behaviour of the nonlinearity.
Abstract: We consider a mildly nonlinear elliptic boundary value problem depending on a parameter. Given appropriate hypotheses concerning the asymptotic behaviour of the nonlinearity, we derive lower bounds on the number of solutions. The results complement an earlier theorem due to Kazdan and Warner [6].
TL;DR: Wigler et al. as mentioned in this paper found that the thymidine kinase (TK) of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is located in the KpnI m and BamHI p fragments of the genome.
Abstract: The gene for the thymidine kinase (TK) of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is located in the KpnI m and BamHI p fragments of the genome (Wigler et al., Cell 11, 223-232 (1977)). These fragments have been inserted into the EcoRI and BamHI sites, respectively, of plasmid pBR322, and propagated in E.coli. The TK gene contained in the recombinant plasmids was shown to be biologically active when introduced into TK- mouse L cells. Detailed restriction site maps of the BamHI p fragment have been constructed and the approximate location of the TK gene has been determined. Mouse cells transformed with cloned HSV-1 tk+ DNA produced HSV-1-specific thymidine kinase; superinfection with HSV-1 tk- virus increased the level of TK activity tenfold, suggesting that the BamHI p sequences present in transformed cells respond to virus-encoded regulatory gene product(s).
TL;DR: Using tachistoscopic half-field presentation the present study produces evidence for a RH superiority for associative processing in response to adequate stimuli such as emotional facial expressions, whereas the LH is more efficient in detecting similarity of function between objects whose shapes are very different.
Abstract: STUDIES of patients with unilateral cerebral lesions1 or surgically disconnected hemispheres2 suggest a functional asymmetry in processing visual information by the two hemispheres. The right hemisphere (RH) seems to favour matching of pictures of objects by similarity of shape (apperceptive matching), whereas the left hemisphere (LH) favours matching by similarity of meaning or conceptual category (associative matching). As, on the other hand, considerable recent experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that the RH might have a distinct role in processing emotional information3–8, it would be surprising if the RH lacked the capacity of associative processing which is important in emotional communication. Using tachistoscopic half-field presentation the present study produces evidence for a RH superiority for associative processing in response to adequate stimuli such as emotional facial expressions, whereas the LH is more efficient in detecting similarity of function between objects whose shapes are very different.
TL;DR: Neurophysiological studies in the alert monkey show that a precise vestibular signal can be recorded in the thalamus as well as in the cortex, and a direct vestibulothalamic pathway can now be demonstrated anatomically.
Abstract: Publisher Summary All sensory systems have a cortical projection area. The evidence for a vestibular projection was mainly based on electrophysiological studies. With sensitive tracer techniques a direct vestibulothalamic pathway can now be demonstrated anatomically. Neurophysiological studies in the alert monkey show that a precise vestibular signal can be recorded in the thalamus as well as in the cortex. In neurophysiological studies neuronal activity was recorded in the ventroposterior lateralis pars oralis and ventroposterior inferioris, and area 2v, while the alert monkey was exposed to natural vestibular and optokinetic stimulation. In these structures neurons were found, which responded clearly to vestibular stimulation, with patterns similar to those found in the vestibular nuclei. In most cases, vestibular neurons in the thalamus and cortex could also be activated by optokinetic stimuli. It is suggested that the ascending vestibulocortical pathways contain information that is used for motor control and/or motion sensation.
TL;DR: H22, the cloned repeat unit of Psammechinus miliaris histone genes, is transcribed and translated when injected into Xenopus oocyte nuclei as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this article, a continuous photosynthetic production of hydrogen by Rhodospirillum rubrum in batch cultures was observed up to 80 days with the hydrogen donor, pure lactate or lactic acid-containing wastes, supplied periodically.
Abstract: Continuous photosynthetic production of hydrogen by Rhodospirillum rubrum in batch cultures was observed up to 80 days with the hydrogen donor, pure lactate or lactic acid-containing wastes, supplied periodically. Hydrogen was produced at an average rate of 6 ml/h per g (dry weight) of cells with whey as a hydrogen donor. In continuous cultures with glutamate as a growth-limiting nitrogen source and lactate as a hydrogen donor, hydrogen was evolved at a rate of 20 ml/h per g (dry weight). The composition of the gas evolved remained practically constant (70 to 75% H2, 25 to 30% CO2). Photosynthetic bacteria processing specific organic wastes could be an advantage in large-scale production of hydrogen together with food protein of high value, compared to other biological systems.
TL;DR: It is found that within 5 min of inducing serum-deprived secondary chick embryo fibroblasts with IGF, insulin or serum to reenter the cell cycle, there is a several-fold increase in the incorporation of radioactive phosphorus into ribosomal protein S6.
TL;DR: Investigating the effect of administration of several pterins on serum phenylalanine concentration (Phe) and urinary pterin excretion was investigated in two patients with atypical phenylketonuria (PKU) and demonstrates that BH4, BH2, L -sepiapterin and Neh4, in admixture with ascorbic acid, can be absorbed easily upon oral administration.
TL;DR: It was concluded that the epidermis of the larval segments T 1 -A 7 (thoracic-abdominal) arises from about 2000 blastoderm cells, thus requiring two rounds of cell division to achieve the 7500 cells present at final differentiation of the Larval epider Mis.
TL;DR: Of the 216 cases operated upon this manner, the great majority show a soft palate of sufficient length and good elevation, a definite improvement in comparison with the one-stage procedure used formerly.
TL;DR: Single neurons were recorded in the Vestibular nuclei of monkeys trained to suppress nystagmus by visual fixation during vestibular or optokinetic stimulation and these results are discussed in relation to current models of visual-vestibular interaction.
Abstract: Single neurons were recorded in the vestibular nuclei of monkeys trained to suppress nystagmus by visual fixation during vestibular or optokinetic stimulation. During optokinetic nystagmus vestibular nuclei neurons exhibit frequency changes. With the suppression of optokinetic nystagmus this neuronal activity on average is attenuated by 40% at stimulus velocities of 40 °/s. At a stimulus velocity of 5 °/s responses are, under both conditions, close to threshold. For steps in velocity, suppression of vestibular nystagmus shortens the time constants of the decay of neuronal activity from 15–35 s to 5–9 s, while the amplitude of the response remains unchanged. The results are discussed in relation to current models of visual-vestibular interaction. These models use a feedback mechanism which normally operates during vestibular and optokinetic nystagmus. Nystagmus suppression interrupts this feedback loop.
TL;DR: It was concluded that the β enzyme was responsible for the observed DNA repair, and the ability to perform repair DNA synthesis is not unique to the neuronal enzyme but is a general function of all β-polymerases.
Abstract: DNA polymerase beta was isolated from rat cortex neurons and characterised. Its properties were strikingly similar to those of other mammalian beta-polymerases. In adult rats, this was the major DNA polymerase occurring in neuronal nuclei, which contained no alpha-polymerase, 99.2% beta-polymerase and only 0.8% gamma-polymerase. Isolated neuronal nuclei of this developmental stage were shown to perform ultraviolet-induced repair DNA synthesis in vitro. Since beta-polymerase was virtually the exclusive DNA polymerase in these nuclei it was concluded that the beta enzyme was responsible for the observed DNA repair. This was further substantiated by demonstrating a virtually complete suppression of DNA repair in irradiated nuclei by 2',3'-dideoxyribosylthymine 5'-triphosphate (d2TTP), a potent beta-polymerase inhibitor. However, the presence of minute amounts of gamma-polymerase in neuronal nuclei and its susceptibility to d2TTP did not allow one to rule out an ancillary role of DNA polymerase gamma in DNA repair. In view of the similarity of the neuronal DNA polymerase beta with all other mammalian beta-polymerases it may be speculated that the ability to perform repair DNA synthesis is not unique to the neuronal enzyme but is a general function of all beta-polymerases.
TL;DR: In this article, an alternative method is proposed, where by refining particular discrete distributions, the optimal value is approximated, and the reduction of the computational amount of work compared to the usual revised simplex method is figured out.
Abstract: Approximating a given continuous probability distribution of the data of a linear program by a discrete one yields solution methods for the stochastic linear programming problem with complete fixed recourse. For a procedure along the lines of [8], the reduction of the computational amount of work compared to the usual revised simplex method is figured out. Furthermore, an alternative method is proposed, where by refining particular discrete distributions the optimal value is approximated.
TL;DR: A patient with atypical phenylketonuria and normal liver dihydropteridine reductase and phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase activities excreted neopterin but not biopterin or dihydrobiopterin in urine shows signs of a 7, 8-dihydroBIopterin synthetase deficiency.