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Institution

University of Zurich

EducationZurich, Switzerland
About: University of Zurich is a education organization based out in Zurich, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 50842 authors who have published 124042 publications receiving 5304521 citations. The organization is also known as: UZH & Uni Zurich.


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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jul 1994
TL;DR: In this article, the main features and characteristics that a system must have to qualify as an object-oriented database system are defined and separated into three groups: mandatory, mandatory, open and optional.
Abstract: This paper attempts to define an object-oriented database system It describes the main features and characteristics that a system must have to qualify as an object-oriented database system We have separated these characteristics into three groups: • Mandatory, the ones the system must satisfy in order to be termed an object-oriented database system These are complex objects, object identity, encapsulation, types or classes, inheritance, overriding combined with late binding, extensibility, computational completeness, persistence, secondary storage management, concurrency, recovery and an ad hoc query facility • Optional, the ones that can be added to make the system better, but which are not mandatory These are multiple inheritance, type checking and inferencing, distribution, design transactions and versions • Open, the points where the designer can make a number of choices These are the programming paradigm, the representation system, the type system, and uniformity We have taken a position, not so much expecting it to be the final word as to erect a provisional landmark to orient further debate

976 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two ways of implementing the algorithm are considered: multitape Turing machines and logical nets (with step=binary logical element.)
Abstract: Es wird ein Algorithmus zur Berechnung des Produktes von zweiN-stelligen Dualzahlen angegeben. Zwei Arten der Realisierung werden betrachtet: Turingmaschinen mit mehreren Bandern und logische Netze (aus zweistelligen logischen Elementen aufgebaut).

976 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
25 Jul 2012-Nature
TL;DR: The results identify ACE2 as a key regulator of dietary amino acid homeostasis, innate immunity, gut microbial ecology, and transmissible susceptibility to colitis, providing a molecular explanation for how amino acid malnutrition can cause intestinal inflammation and diarrhoea.
Abstract: Malnutrition affects up to one billion people in the world and is a major cause of mortality. In many cases, malnutrition is associated with diarrhoea and intestinal inflammation, further contributing to morbidity and death. The mechanisms by which unbalanced dietary nutrients affect intestinal homeostasis are largely unknown. Here we report that deficiency in murine angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2 (Ace2), which encodes a key regulatory enzyme of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), results in highly increased susceptibility to intestinal inflammation induced by epithelial damage. The RAS is known to be involved in acute lung failure, cardiovascular functions and SARS infections. Mechanistically, ACE2 has a RAS-independent function, regulating intestinal amino acid homeostasis, expression of antimicrobial peptides, and the ecology of the gut microbiome. Transplantation of the altered microbiota from Ace2 mutant mice into germ-free wild-type hosts was able to transmit the increased propensity to develop severe colitis. ACE2-dependent changes in epithelial immunity and the gut microbiota can be directly regulated by the dietary amino acid tryptophan. Our results identify ACE2 as a key regulator of dietary amino acid homeostasis, innate immunity, gut microbial ecology, and transmissible susceptibility to colitis. These results provide a molecular explanation for how amino acid malnutrition can cause intestinal inflammation and diarrhoea.

974 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
G. L. Bayatian, S. Chatrchyan, G. Hmayakyan, Albert M. Sirunyan  +2060 moreInstitutions (143)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed analysis of the performance of the Large Hadron Collider (CMS) at 14 TeV and compare it with the state-of-the-art analytical tools.
Abstract: CMS is a general purpose experiment, designed to study the physics of pp collisions at 14 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It currently involves more than 2000 physicists from more than 150 institutes and 37 countries. The LHC will provide extraordinary opportunities for particle physics based on its unprecedented collision energy and luminosity when it begins operation in 2007. The principal aim of this report is to present the strategy of CMS to explore the rich physics programme offered by the LHC. This volume demonstrates the physics capability of the CMS experiment. The prime goals of CMS are to explore physics at the TeV scale and to study the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking--through the discovery of the Higgs particle or otherwise. To carry out this task, CMS must be prepared to search for new particles, such as the Higgs boson or supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, from the start-up of the LHC since new physics at the TeV scale may manifest itself with modest data samples of the order of a few fb−1 or less. The analysis tools that have been developed are applied to study in great detail and with all the methodology of performing an analysis on CMS data specific benchmark processes upon which to gauge the performance of CMS. These processes cover several Higgs boson decay channels, the production and decay of new particles such as Z' and supersymmetric particles, Bs production and processes in heavy ion collisions. The simulation of these benchmark processes includes subtle effects such as possible detector miscalibration and misalignment. Besides these benchmark processes, the physics reach of CMS is studied for a large number of signatures arising in the Standard Model and also in theories beyond the Standard Model for integrated luminosities ranging from 1 fb−1 to 30 fb−1. The Standard Model processes include QCD, B-physics, diffraction, detailed studies of the top quark properties, and electroweak physics topics such as the W and Z0 boson properties. The production and decay of the Higgs particle is studied for many observable decays, and the precision with which the Higgs boson properties can be derived is determined. About ten different supersymmetry benchmark points are analysed using full simulation. The CMS discovery reach is evaluated in the SUSY parameter space covering a large variety of decay signatures. Furthermore, the discovery reach for a plethora of alternative models for new physics is explored, notably extra dimensions, new vector boson high mass states, little Higgs models, technicolour and others. Methods to discriminate between models have been investigated. This report is organized as follows. Chapter 1, the Introduction, describes the context of this document. Chapters 2-6 describe examples of full analyses, with photons, electrons, muons, jets, missing ET, B-mesons and τ's, and for quarkonia in heavy ion collisions. Chapters 7-15 describe the physics reach for Standard Model processes, Higgs discovery and searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model

973 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report that tree species richness in production forests shows positive to positively hump-shaped relationships with multiple ecosystem services, including production of tree biomass, soil carbon storage, berry production and game production potential.
Abstract: Forests are of major importance to human society, contributing several crucial ecosystem services. Biodiversity is suggested to positively influence multiple services but evidence from natural systems at scales relevant to management is scarce. Here, across a scale of 400,000 km(2), we report that tree species richness in production forests shows positive to positively hump-shaped relationships with multiple ecosystem services. These include production of tree biomass, soil carbon storage, berry production and game production potential. For example, biomass production was approximately 50% greater with five than with one tree species. In addition, we show positive relationships between tree species richness and proxies for other biodiversity components. Importantly, no single tree species was able to promote all services, and some services were negatively correlated to each other. Management of production forests will therefore benefit from considering multiple tree species to sustain the full range of benefits that the society obtains from forests.

972 citations


Authors

Showing all 51384 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Richard A. Flavell2311328205119
Peer Bork206697245427
Thomas C. Südhof191653118007
Stuart H. Orkin186715112182
Ruedi Aebersold182879141881
Tadamitsu Kishimoto1811067130860
Stanley B. Prusiner16874597528
Yang Yang1642704144071
Tomas Hökfelt158103395979
Dan R. Littman157426107164
Hans Lassmann15572479933
Matthias Egger152901184176
Lorenzo Bianchini1521516106970
Robert M. Strieter15161273040
Ashok Kumar1515654164086
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023265
20221,039
20218,997
20208,398
20197,336
20186,832