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Showing papers by "Uppsala University published in 1969"


Journal ArticleDOI
Lars Ramqvist, K. Hamrin1, G. Johansson1, A. Fahlman1, Carl Nordling1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the binding energy shifts of Cl s electrons in Group 4b, 5b and 6b carbides and of core electrons in Ti and V compounds are discussed and compared with X-ray spectroscopic investigations and energy band calculations.

502 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1969-Virology
TL;DR: Treatment of penton antigen with pyridine releases free vertex capsomers which are immunologically and morphologically intact and have the ability to induce cytopathic changes in KB-cell cultures.

261 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Abstract: (1969). Reaming of the Medullary Cavity and its Effect on Diaphyseal Bone: A Fluorochromic, Microangiographic and Histologic Study on the Rabbit Tibia and Dog Femur. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 40, No. sup128, pp. 1-165.

172 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The interaction of (32)P-labeled adenovirus type 2 and HeLa or KB cells has been examined during early infection and the kinetics of virus uncoating to deoxyribonuclease-sensitive products, the partial characterization by gradient centrifugation, and the distribution of these products in the extranuclear and nuclear portions of infected cells are reported.
Abstract: The interaction of (32)P-labeled adenovirus type 2 and HeLa or KB cells has been examined during early infection. The kinetics of virus uncoating to deoxyribonuclease-sensitive products, the partial characterization of three such products by gradient centrifugation, and the distribution of these products in the extranuclear and nuclear portions of infected cells are reported. The results are compatible with the following model. Extracellular virus attaches to a receptor on the plasma membrane. The membrane-bound virus has a half-life of less than 15 min and is transformed to a partly uncoated product which is free inside the cell and about half of which rapidly enters the cell nucleus. This is rapidly transformed, in both cytoplasm and nucleus, to a membrane-bound virion "core." The proteins of the bound "core" are then removed from the intact virus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In the nucleus, viral DNA is the main product and there the overall sequence is completed in about 2 hr.

152 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
Olov Hedberg1
TL;DR: The afroalpine flora is famous for its large numbers of geographically vicarious taxa–its Giant Senecios and Giant Lobelias are as renowned as the finches of the Galapagos Islands and many similar cases occur among spiders and insects.
Abstract: Few ecosystems provide better opportunities for the study of evolution and speciation than those inhabiting the uppermost parts of the high east African mountains. These mountains are mainly of volcanic origin and lie widely scattered across the wide plateaux of east Africa, several of them reaching altitudes between 3500 and 6000 m. Their vegetation deviates very much from that of the intervening lower country, displaying a marked zonation with a montane forest belt, a (subalpine) ericaceous belt, and an afroalpine belt. The flora of the latter, the afroalpine flora, is of exceptional interest in this connection. The afroalpine flora is famous for its large numbers of geographically vicarious taxa–its Giant Senecios and Giant Lobelias are as renowned as the finches of the Galapagos Islands. Ecologically, the afroalpine biota is indeed also an island biota–the high mountain summits protrude as isolated temperate islands above the warm surrounding plains. These mountains have evidently stood isolated from each other since their origin. Pleistocene climatic changes have certainly modified their vegetation zonation to a considerable extent, but direct contacts between their afroalpine enclaves during the Pleistocene or earlier seem most improbable. These enclaves must therefore have been isolated from each other and from other high mountain areas for a very long time, and dispersal of plants between them must presumably have occurred mainly by long distance transport, possibly facilitated by cyclones. Some 80% of the afroalpine species of vascular plants are endemic to the high mountains of tropical east Africa and Ethiopia. Vicarious taxa occur of different status. In some cases one species occurs on all or most of the east African mountains with a vicariad in other parts of the world, as exemplified by Subulariamonticola (afroalpine) and S. aquatica (circumboreal). In other cases each of two species is confined to one group of mountains, as in the species pair Lobelia wollastonii (Virunga Volcanoes and Ruwenzori) and L. telekii (Elgon, Aberdare, Mt Kenya). Finally, there are several groups of vicarious taxa where each taxon is confined as a rule to a single mountain, as in the Lobelia deckenii group with six cognate species. Numerous similar cases occur among spiders and insects. The differentiation of these vicarious species is assumed to have occurred through natural selection in connection with genetic drift, acting upon geographically isolated and originally very small random samples of the gene pools concerned. The amount of differentiation between different mountain populations differs considerably between different groups–numerous intermediate stages exist between morphologically indistinguishable populations and full-fledged vicarious species. The rate of evolutionary change seems to differ considerably between different genera and families. Whether internal barriers to interbreeding exist between these vicarious taxa is in most cases unknown. No less interesting than the geographically vicarious taxa mentioned above are some cases of altitudinal vicariism. Some afroalpine species appear to have evolved from afromontane forest species through progressive adaptations favouring survival in the inhospitable afroalpine climate. The most remarkable examples are provided by the strangely specialized Giant Senecios and Giant Lobelias.

127 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that adult human glia cells have unusually well developed growth control mechanisms in vitro and should lend themselves well to the experimental study of such controls.

109 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The clinical use of the intravenous fat tolerance test, the possible physiological basis of K 1 and K 2 , as well as the clinical implications of reduced fat tolerance were briefly discussed.

98 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cotransductions of resistance to mercury and cadmium, as well as production of penicillinase and beta-hemolysin, were obtained to some extent and the extrachromosomal character of these determinants and their possible genetic association are discussed.
Abstract: All of 41 naturally occurring coagulase-positive methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in various laboratories were resistant to several antibiotics and were lipase-negative. Most strains produced hemolysins, and 38 strains produced enterotoxin B. Acriflavine treatment of four strains resulted in elimination of resistance to methicillin and mercury; in one strain, resistance to cadmium was also lost. Production of enterotoxin B and β-hemolysin was eliminated in all four strains and penicillinase production was eliminated in one strain. In transduction experiments, methicillin resistance and enterotoxin B production were transferred together at a frequency of 0.2 × 10−8 to 1.1 × 10−8 by use of ultraviolet-induced phage lysates from naturally lysogenic methicillin-resistant strains. Cotransductions of resistance to mercury and cadmium, as well as production of penicillinase and β-hemolysin, were obtained to some extent. The extrachromosomal character of these determinants and their possible genetic association are discussed.

91 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Values for the sedimentation coefficients, Stokes' radii, diffusion coefficients, molecular weights, and frictional ratios provide strong support for a previous suggestion that free normal light chains of human immunoglobulin are counterparts to Bence-Jones proteins.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data suggest that in this species the cellular mechanism for insulin synthesis becomes manifest considerably earlier than that for glucose-regulated insulin release, as indicated by the presence of insulin in the B-cells of rat foetuses.
Abstract: Pancreatic glands of 22-day-old rat foetuses or 0–12 day old rats were incubated in a Krebs-Ringer phosphate-buffered salt solution, and the insulin secretion measured at a lower (0.6 mg/ml) or a higher (3 mg/ml) glucose concentration in the medium. Stimulation of the insulin release by glucose could not be detected until the second postnatal day, when there was a marked increase in the amount of hormone secreted into the medium. Since the presence of insulin has been demonstrated in the B-cells of rat foetuses, the data suggest that in this species the cellular mechanism for insulin synthesis becomes manifest considerably earlier than that for glucose-regulated insulin release.

Journal ArticleDOI
R. A. Reyment1
01 Oct 1969-Nature
TL;DR: An appraisal of continental drift in the South Atlantic area from a palaeontological viewpoint is presented in this article, where the authors present an approach to the problem from a geology perspective.
Abstract: An appraisal of continental drift in the South Atlantic area from the palaeontological viewpoint.

Journal ArticleDOI
Anders Bill1
TL;DR: The early effects of topical administration of 2% l-epinephrine bitartrate on the dynamics of aqueous humor were studied in vervet monkeys and it is suggested that epinephrine has a facility reducing effect that is due to relaxation of the ciliary muscle and a facility increasing effect that may be due to some change in the endothelium of the canal of Schlemm.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The basal organic deposit in many Minnesota lakes includes wood fragments and other coarse plant material of terrestrial origin, along with diatoms characteristic of soils, moss, and other terrestrial habitats as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The basal organic deposit in many Minnesota lakes includes wood fragments and other coarse plant material of terrestrial origin, along with diatoms characteristic of soils, moss, and other terrestrial habitats. The material probably represents the floor of a superglacial forest; it is overlain by similar material deposited in shallow pools that formed when buried Wisconsin dead ice melted beneath a cover of till or outwash.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The apparatus is manufactured by LKB-Produkter AB, Stockholm, Sweden, and the resolution is close to that obtained in analytical gel electrophoresis runs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented new measurements of Ti K absorption and emission spectra from TiC, TiN, TiO, TiB 2, and TiC and discussed the results in conjunction with other X-ray and electron spectroscopical investigations.

Journal ArticleDOI
Tord Skoog1
TL;DR: Procedures extensively based on new principles for the surgical management of these malformations are described and shown in detail, allowing consideration of the entire reconstructive task in the primary operation.
Abstract: The congenital cleft lip deformity is defined as a tripartite reconstructive problem: restoration of the cleft maxilla, correction of the nasal deformity, and repair of the lip. Procedures extensively based on new principles for the surgical management of these malformations are described and shown in detail. They allow consideration of the entire reconstructive task in the primary operation.For maxillary reconstruction the osteogenic capacity of tissues bordering the cleft is utilized. The operation involves subperiosteal exposure of the bone and the establishment of periosteal continuity between the maxillary segments, using local flaps of the periosteal membranes. Surgicel® is used as a scaffolding between the periosteal surfaces to bring about deposition of a mass of bone. In complete clefts a two-stage procedure is recommended for periosteal repair and for the implantation of Surgicel. Observations on the effect of periosteo-plasty confirmed previous reports: the procedure will lead to the formation ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest Unit A. astaci is physiologically adapted as a parasite on fresh water arthropods as well as those of earlier experiments with respect to the origin of the “abnormal” parasite.
Abstract: The crayfish plague parasite Aphanomyces astaci was compared with some other species of Aphanomyces in several physiological respects to detect signs of specialization in the plague fungus which could be connected with its life as a parasite. Thus, A. astaci showed good growth in crayfish serum in contrast to the other species. Zoospore germination showed a similar hut not so distinct pattern. Chemo-taxis in zoospores was weak and restricted in its substrate range in A. astaci but was stronger and less restricted in the saprophytic species. Electrotaxis was quite apparent in A. astaci. Virulence in A. astacin was correlated to linear growth rate of individual hyphae in crayfish serum but neither to spore germination percentage in serum of resistant or susceptible crayfishes nor to motility of the zoospores. The saprophytic Aphanomyces strains did not penetrate the soft cuticle of crayfish in vitro but A. astaci strains did, regardless of virulence. Zoospore production in A. astaci was restricted to lower concentrations of mineral salts Mum in the other fungi. No sexual or other resting structures were found in infected crayfish but thick walled as well as gemmae-like hyphal portions were formed in some media in vitro. Infection of crayfish can take place between 2 and 25°C and zoospores are able in survive at least a week in an aquarium of redistilled water at 14°C and still infect the animals, but in highly bacterium-contaminated water they do not cause infection. The results were discussed with respect to the origin of the “abnormal” parasite. Together with those of earlier experiments they suggest Unit A. astaci is physiologically adapted as a parasite on fresh water arthropods. This investigation was supported by a grant from the Swedish Natural Science Research Council and by funds paid to the Swedish state by the Swedish water power industry. The author is deeply indebted to the head of this institute Professor Nils Fries, for his encouragement. advice, and support, let Mr Andrew Watson for help in carrying out the electrotaxis experiment, to Docent Karin Aschan-Aberg for criticizing the manuscript, to Mrs. Linda Fryktund for revising the English text, and to Mr. Can Wihma for skilful technical assistance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Familial cases of cerebral palsy were traced all over Sweden and families were collected, in 30 of which the patients were siblings.
Abstract: Summary Familial cases of cerebral palsy were traced all over Sweden. Fortythree families were collected, in 30 of which the patients were siblings. The families were divided into three groups: (1) 16 families with cases of identical syndromes and a history of normal pregnancy, delivery and perinatal period; (2) 3 families with cases of identical syndromes but an abnormal perinatal period; (3) 24 families with non-identical syndromes. Within the first group, which is of main genetic importance, 10 families were found with 2-3 siblings affected with congenital non-progressive ataxia and mental retardation, the mode of inheritance with all probability being autosomal recessive. Three families showed ataxic diplegia, two of them only in siblings, the third with affected members of both sexes represented in three generations. Surprisingly enough, pure spastic diplegia was only revealed in one family, viz. a grandfather and his grandson. Spastic tetraplegia was found in two mentally retarded siblings in an otherwise healthy sibship of 11 members. True microcephaly combined with a dystonic tetraplegic cerebral palsy was seen in one family and was thought to have an autosomal recessive inheritance as in similar cases reported in the literature. Chromosome studies and laboratory screening tests revealed no abnormalities indicating particular aetiological mechanisms.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the atomic-beam magnetic resonance method has been used to measure the nuclear spins of holmium and erbium isotopes with the following results: 154Ho I = 1, 155 Ho I = 5 2, 156Ho I= 1, 157 Ho I= 7 2, 158mHo I. = 5, 158mHI = 2, 159hI = 7 2 and 161hI= 3 2

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1969-Planta
TL;DR: Protoplasts were isolated from cell suspensions of Haplopappus gracilis and cellulase preparation “Onozuka P 1500” was found to work well as osmotic stabilizer in concentrations of 0.4–0.6 M.
Abstract: Protoplasts were isolated from cell suspensions of Haplopappus gracilis. The cell walls were degraded by the cellulase preparation “Onozuka P 1500” at a concentration of 5%. Sorbitol was found to work well as osmotic stabilizer in concentrations of 0.4–0.6 M. The protoplasts were cultured in growth medium after isolation; 3–5% went through nuclear division once and less than 1% also for a second time. No nuclear fusion was observed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the same phase of high-Mg calcite also forms the cement in beachrock in the areas studied; also here the Mg-content is an original property and not the result of diagenetic changes.
Abstract: SUMMARY Lithification caused by inorganic precipitation of high-Mg calcite is reported from several localities in the Mediterranean A micritic calcite cement with 13–15 mol % MgCO3 in solid solution lithifies internal sediments and forms open-space fillings within a sublittoral algal framework down to 20 m, in which the biogenic structures are gradually obliterated through the activity of numerous boring organisms and the subsequent precipitation of micrite The silt-mud fraction of unconsolidated bottom sediments is to a large extent stable low-Mg calcite, and is not the source for the mcrite; instead the cementing mineral is assumed to precipitate directly from interstitial sea water The special physico-chemical regime is attributed to organism activities The same phase of high-Mg calcite also forms the cement in beachrock in the areas studied; also here the Mg-content is an original property and not the result of diagenetic changes The cement occurs partly as micrite, identical to the micrite in the lithified algal framework, and partly as radiating microspar fringes The littoral and sublittoral lithification described here indicates that within several niches in the present marine environment high-Mg calcite may substitute for aragonite as the mineral form of precipitated calcium carbonate

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that ratings of the favorableness of offers to gamble under the influence of alcohol had the same structure under all conditions despite variation in level.
Abstract: Subjects gave ratings of the favorableness of offers to gamble under the influence of alcohol. In two experiments a large dose decreased the willingness to gamble. Willingness was enhanced with a smaller dose in one experiment. A model of decision making was fitted to the ratings. It was found that ratings had the same structure under all conditions despite variation in level.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It has been shown that nerve cells remain within the contralateral LCN after hemisection of the midbrain, and the results in terms of connections of the LCN are discussed in the light of known anatomical and physiological data of theLCN.
Abstract: The lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) has been studied with the light and electron microscope after midbrain lesions in kittens of different ages, and in adult cats. It has been shown that nerve cells remain within the contralateral LCN after hemisection of the midbrain. performed on 1 day old kittens. The estimated number of these remaining cells was 3–19% in the different cases. No fibers descending to the LCN from levels rostral to the midbrain could be demonstrated in adult cats with the Nauta technique. A combined Nauta and electron microscopical investigation was performed on kittens operated on at different ages and allowed to survive varying times postoperatively. At the operations the LCN-axons were transected at midbrain level. The Nauta investigation demonstrated silver impregnation of degenerating LCN-neurons on the affected side of the same type as has been described recently in other neuronal systems following axonal transection. The ultrastructural study revealed electron dense degenerating dendrites and probably also nerve cells within the LCN. The dense degenerative changes were very similar to the dense degeneration in terminal boutons following transection of parent axons. The potential value of the findings for electron microscopical research in neuroanatomy is discussed. The results in terms of connections of the LCN are discussed in the light of known anatomical and physiological data of the LCN.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the ECA spectra of nitrogen oxides and oxygen have shown a splitting of core electron levels due to interaction between the emitted core electron and the unpaired valence electrons.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Pulse labeling experiments reveal a precursor-product relationship between the replicative intermediate and the single stranded RNA, at 3.5 h post infection, which indicates that at late times in the replication cycle most of the newly synthesized replicative form is not formed as an end product from the Replicative intermediate.
Abstract: The kinetics of synthesis of poliovirus RNA has been studied in suspension cultures of HeLa cells. Single stranded poliovirus RNA was separated from double stranded structures (replicative form and replicative intermediate) by gel filtration on sphere-condensed agarose. Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide-agarose gels was used for analytical separation of the three classes of poliovirus RNA in infected cells i. e. single stranded RNA, replicative form and replicative intermediate. Continuous labeling experiments confirmed that single stranded RNA is synthesized at a higher rate than the double stranded structures. Net synthesis of the replicative form levels off after 4 h of infection but the replicative form and the single stranded RNA are synthesized at high rates at later times. The replicative form probably precedes the single stranded RNA in the replication cycle. No free single strands complementary to viral RNA could be detected from 1 to 5 h after infection. Pulse labeling experiments reveal that the replicative form, the replicative intermediate and the single stranded RNA are synthesized at the highest rates 3–3.5 h post infection. The synthesis of the replicative intermediate and the single stranded RNA decreases at later times, while the replicative form synthesis continues unabated. At 3.5 h post infection a short (1 min) pulse introduces more label into the replicative intermediate than the single stranded RNA and the replicative form. As the length of the pulse increases the relative amount of label in the single stranded RNA increases, the replicative form remains constant and the replicative intermediate decreases. These results indicate a precursor-product relationship between the replicative intermediate and the single stranded RNA, at 3.5 h post infection. At late times in the replication cycle most of the newly synthesized replicative form is not formed as an end product from the replicative intermediate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tests of monoseleno-dicarboxylic acids of unsymmetrical structure show that activity is not simply an additive function, and some unsympetrical substances are more active than either of their symmetrical parent compounds.