Uppsala University

About: Uppsala University is a education organization based out in Uppsala, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Insulin. The organization has 36485 authors who have published 107509 publications receiving 4220668 citations. The organization is also known as: Uppsala universitet & uu.se.

The type I TGF-|[beta]| receptor engages TRAF6 to activate TAK1 in a receptor kinase-independent manner

Abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates embryonic development and tissue homeostasis; however, aberrations of its activity occur in cancer. TGF-beta signals through its Type II and Type I receptors (TbetaRII and TbetaRI) causing phosphorylation of Smad proteins. TGF-beta-associated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family, was originally identified as an effector of TGF-beta-induced p38 activation. However, the molecular mechanisms for its activation are unknown. Here we report that the ubiquitin ligase (E3) TRAF6 interacts with a consensus motif present in TbetaRI. The TbetaRI-TRAF6 interaction is required for TGF-beta-induced autoubiquitylation of TRAF6 and subsequent activation of the TAK1-p38/JNK pathway, which leads to apoptosis. TbetaRI kinase activity is required for activation of the canonical Smad pathway, whereas E3 activity of TRAF6 regulates the activation of TAK1 in a receptor kinase-independent manner. Intriguingly, TGF-beta-induced TRAF6-mediated Lys 63-linked polyubiquitylation of TAK1 Lys 34 correlates with TAK1 activation. Our data show that TGF-beta specifically activates TAK1 through interaction of TbetaRI with TRAF6, whereas activation of Smad2 is not dependent on TRAF6.

Review of Some Basic Characteristics of the Atmospheric Surface Layer

Abstract: Some of the fundamental issues of surface layer meteorology are critically reviewed For the von Karman constant (k), values covering the range from 032 to 065 have been reported Most of the data are, however, found in a rather narrow range between 039 and 041 Plotting all available atmospheric data against the so-called roughness Reynolds number, Reo = u * z 0/v or against the surface Rossby number, Ro0 = G/f z 0 gives no clear indication of systematic trend It is concluded that k is indeed constant in atmospheric surface-layer flow and that its value is the same as that found for laboratory flows, ie about 040

Use of non-crystallographic symmetry in protein structure refinement.

Abstract: Several methods to assess the (dis)similarity of protein structures objectively are described, some of which, when applied to non-crystallographically related protein models, are able to discriminate between significant differences and `random noise'. Some of these methods have been used to investigate a sample of several hundred protein structures which have been solved by means of X-ray crystallography in order to investigate the extent to which non-crystallographically related protein models differ from one another. It is shown that the extent of such differences is largely dependent on the resolution of the data used for the determination and refinement of the structure and, measured by some statistics, even varies essentially linearly with the resolution. The implications of these findings for the strategies used to refine structures with non-crystallographic symmetry, in particular at low resolution, are discussed. Finally, two examples are given of recent structure determinations from this laboratory in which the presence (and employment) of non-crystallographic symmetry was crucial to the solution and refinement of the structure.

Response to Eberhard and Cordero, and Córdoba-Aguilar and Contreras-Garduño: sexual conflict and female choice

Abstract: Response to Eberhard and Cordero, and Cordoba-Aguilar and Contreras-Garduno: sexual conflict and female choice