Uppsala University

About: Uppsala University is a education organization based out in Uppsala, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 36485 authors who have published 107509 publications receiving 4220668 citations. The organization is also known as: Uppsala universitet & uu.se.

Towards an explanation of regional specialization and industry agglomeration

Abstract: The main argument advanced in this paper is that proximity matters. Product innovations, new forms of organization or new skills are arrived at in interactive processes within industrial systems. Such systems are embedded in a broader cultural and institutional context. Everything else being equal, interactive collaboration will be less costly and more smooth, the shorter the distance between the participants. The benefits of proximity can be translated into a force of spatial agglomeration in relation to firms engaged in interactive learning. Thus, agglomerations of related economic activity are not just reminiscents of previously cost efficient spatial configurations, but are currently being recreated as a result of an increasing demand for rapid knowledge transfer between firms. In this finding, we argue, lies the foundation for explaining the observed durability in otherwise incomprehensible patterns of specialization and competitiveness between countries and regions.

Renal Function and Intensive Lowering of Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Participants of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) Study

Abstract: This article reports further analyses of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) Study data with the aim to describe (1) the value of baseline serum creatinine and its clearance (estimated by Cockroft and Gault formula) as predictors of cardiovascular events, (2) the effects of intensive lowering of BP on cardiovascular events and renal function in patients with reduced renal function, and (3) the effects on cardiovascular events of adding acetylsalicylic acid to antihypertensive therapy in patients with reduced renal function. The results show that (1) baseline elevation in serum creatinine and a reduction in estimated creatinine clearance are powerful predictors of cardiovascular events and death. (2) Reduced renal function at baseline did not preclude the desired control of BP. In contrast to patients with normal renal function, the incidence of major cardiovascular events did not differ in the three groups of patients with mild renal insufficiency randomized to different diastolic BP targets. No significant changes in serum creatinine were seen at the end of the 3.8-yr treatment period in the great majority of patients. However, there was a small group of patients (0.58% of the total study population) whose renal function deteriorated (increase > or =30% over baseline and final serum creatinine concentration > or =2 mg/dl) despite satisfactory reduction of diastolic BP. (3) The results of this reanalysis of the HOT Study suggest though do not prove that the association of acetylsalicylic acid with intensive antihypertensive therapy offers additional benefit in hypertensive patients with reduced renal function.

Effect of Different Hole Transport Materials on Recombination in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite-Sensitized Mesoscopic Solar Cells.

Abstract: We report on perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3-sensitized solid-state solar cells using spiro-OMeTAD, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and 4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde diphenylhydrazone (DEH) as hole transport materials (HTMs) with a light to electricity power conversion efficiency of 8.5%, 4.5%, and 1.6%, respectively, under AM 1.5G illumination of 1000 W/m(2) intensity. Photoinduced absorption spectroscopy (PIA) shows that hole transfer occurs from the (CH3NH3)PbI3 to HTMs after excitation of (CH3NH3)PbI3. The electron lifetime (τe) in these devices are in the order Spiro-OMeTAD > P3HT > DEH, while the charge transport time (ttr) is rather similar. The difference in τe can therefore explain the lower efficiency of the devices based on P3HT and DEH. This report shows that the nature of the HTM is essential for charge recombination and elucidates that finding an optimal HTM for the perovskite solar cell includes controlling the perovskite/HTM interaction. Design routes for new HTMs are suggested.