Uppsala University

About: Uppsala University is a education organization based out in Uppsala, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Insulin. The organization has 36485 authors who have published 107509 publications receiving 4220668 citations. The organization is also known as: Uppsala universitet & uu.se.

Tracing the peopling of the world through genomics

Abstract: Advances in the sequencing and the analysis of the genomes of both modern and ancient peoples have facilitated a number of breakthroughs in our understanding of human evolutionary history. These include the discovery of interbreeding between anatomically modern humans and extinct hominins; the development of an increasingly detailed description of the complex dispersal of modern humans out of Africa and their population expansion worldwide; and the characterization of many of the genetic adaptions of humans to local environmental conditions. Our interpretation of the evolutionary history and adaptation of humans is being transformed by analyses of these new genomic data.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring vs Conventional Therapy for Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Treated With Multiple Daily Insulin Injections: The GOLD Randomized Clinical Trial.

Abstract: IMPORTANCE The majority of individuals with type 1 diabetes do not meet recommended glycemic targets. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Open-label crossover randomized clinical trial conducted in 15 diabetes outpatient clinics in Sweden between February 24, 2014, and June 1, 2016 that included 161 individuals with type 1 diabetes and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of at least 7.5%(58 mmol/mol) treated with multiple daily insulin injections. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to receive treatment using a continuous glucose monitoring system or conventional treatment for 26 weeks, separated by a washout period of 17 weeks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Difference in HbA1c between weeks 26 and 69 for the 2 treatments. Adverse events including severe hypoglycemia were also studied. RESULTS Among 161 randomized participants, mean age was 43.7 years, 45.3%were women, and mean HbA1c was 8.6%(70 mmol/mol). A total of 142 participants had follow-up data in both treatment periods. Mean HbA1c was 7.92%(63 mmol/mol) during continuous glucose monitoring use and 8.35%(68 mmol/mol) during conventional treatment (mean difference, -0.43%[95%CI, -0.57%to -0.29%] or -4.7 [-6.3 to -3.1 mmol/mol]; P < .001). Of 19 secondary end points comprising psychosocial and various glycemic measures, 6met the hierarchical testing criteria of statistical significance, favoring continuous glucose monitoring compared with conventional treatment. Five patients in the conventional treatment group and 1 patient in the continuous glucose monitoring group had severe hypoglycemia. During washout when patients used conventional therapy, 7 patients had severe hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections, the use of continuous glucose monitoring compared with conventional treatment for 26 weeks resulted in lower HbA1c. Furthe. (Less)

International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sarcopenia (ICFSR): Screening, Diagnosis and Management

Abstract: Sarcopenia, defined as an age-associated loss of skeletal muscle function and muscle mass, occurs in approximately 6 - 22 % of older adults. This paper presents evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for screening, diagnosis and management of sarcopenia from the task force of the International Conference on Sarcopenia and Frailty Research (ICSFR). To develop the guidelines, we drew upon the best available evidence from two systematic reviews paired with consensus statements by international working groups on sarcopenia. Eight topics were selected for the recommendations: (i) defining sarcopenia; (ii) screening and diagnosis; (iii) physical activity prescription; (iv) protein supplementation; (v) vitamin D supplementation; (vi) anabolic hormone prescription; (vii) medications under development; and (viii) research. The ICSFR task force evaluated the evidence behind each topic including the quality of evidence, the benefitharm balance of treatment, patient preferences/values, and cost-effectiveness. Recommendations were graded as either strong or conditional (weak) as per the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. Consensus was achieved via one face-to-face workshop and a modified Delphi process. We make a conditional recommendation for the use of an internationally accepted measurement tool for the diagnosis of sarcopenia including the EWGSOP and FNIH definitions, and advocate for rapid screening using gait speed or the SARC-F. To treat sarcopenia, we strongly recommend the prescription of resistance-based physical activity, and conditionally recommend protein supplementation/a protein-rich diet. No recommendation is given for Vitamin D supplementation or for anabolic hormone prescription. There is a lack of robust evidence to assess the strength of other treatment options.

Lipid-Binding Proteins: A Family of Fatty Acid and Retinoid Transport Proteins

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the structural analyses and comparisons between members of a multigene family of hydrophobic ligand-binding proteins. It discusses the structural motif, general characteristics of the binding cavity, ligand entry, and the portal hypothesis and provides a detailed comparison of intra- and extracellular lipid binding proteins with known crystal structures. The members of this family are referred as lipid-binding proteins (LBPs). This collection of proteins can be subdivided into two groups: the intracellular lipid-binding protein family (iLBP) and the extracellular lipid binding protein family (eLBP). The comparison primarily deals with the iLBP branch because this family is becoming structurally well characterized. However, the structural comparisons are extended to some members of the eLBP family because the basic structural motif used to bind hydrophobic ligands applies to both. The products of hydrolysis of the intestinal lipids, including fatty acids, cholesterol, monoglycerides, and lysophospholipids, have very low solubilities and are absorbed by biliary micelles in the gut. These micelles diffuse through the glycocalyx, which stabilizes an unstirred water layer at the surface of the enterocyte. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the results of site-directed mutagenesis studies, the thermodynamics of lipid binding, and considerations of protein stability and folding.