Institution
Urban Institute
Nonprofit•Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States•
About: Urban Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Medicaid & Population. The organization has 927 authors who have published 2330 publications receiving 86426 citations.
Topics: Medicaid, Population, Health care, Poison control, Health policy
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Frequent ED users do not appear to use the ED as a substitute for their primary care but, in fact, are a less healthy population who need and use more care overall.
Abstract: This paper uses the 1997 and 1999 National Survey of America?s Families to explore how insurance coverage and access to care, along with other individual characteristics, are related to the large differences in Emergency Department (ED) use among the general population. People are classified into three ED use levels based on the number of visits over the 12 months prior to the survey: non-ED users (zero visits), occasional users (one or two visits), or frequent users (three or more visits). People in fair/poor health are 3.74 times more likely than others to be frequent ED users as compared to non-users. The uninsured and the privately insured adults have the same risk of being frequent users, but publicly insured adults are 2.08 times more likely to be frequent users. Adults who made three or more visits to doctors are 5.05 times more likely to be frequent ED users than those who made no such visits. It seems hard to blame the overcrowding of EDs on the uninsured. Instead, the publicly insured are over-represented of among ED users. Frequent ED users do not appear to use the ED as a substitute for their primary care and, in fact, are a less healthy population who need and use more care overall. (Medical Care 42(2): 176?82, February 2004.)
256 citations
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TL;DR: This paper found that nearly one in ten families with children is a mixed status family: that is a family in which one or both parents is a non-citizen and one or more children are a citizen.
Abstract: In this paper we document the prevalence of mixed immigration status families and discuss some of the immigration and citizenship policies that drive their formation. Using the 1998 Current Population Survey, we find that nearly one in ten families with children is a mixed status family: that is a family in which one or both parents is a noncitizen and one or more children is a citizen. We also find that 75 percent of children in immigrant families are citizens. We identify a number of the challenges that mixed status families pose for achieving the goals of recent welfare and illegal immigration reforms.
255 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on three aspects of research design that are expected to influence mail survey returns in surveys of nonprofit organizations: questionnaire complexity, use of Federal Express versus standard mail, and the use of monetary incentives.
Abstract: The failure of a substantial portion of mail survey recipients to respond to invitations to participate in research projects raises issues of nonresponse error. Because this error is difficult to quantify, survey researchers seek high rates of return to signal legitimacy and reduce questions regarding nonresponse bias. Research on survey method indicates that the design of the survey research process has a measurable influence on the rate of survey returns. This article focuses on three aspects of research design that are expected to influence mail survey returns in surveys of nonprofit organizations: questionnaire complexity, use of Federal Express versus standard mail, and the use of monetary incentives. Using an experimental design, the research concludes that questionnaire complexity and the use of monetary incentives generate no difference in returns, whereas the use of Federal Express to deliver the survey to nonprofit executives has a measurable positive effect.
254 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a social capital model of neighborhood change that measures social capital as a function of two constitutive elements: sociocultural milieu and institutional infrastructure.
Abstract: There is a growing consensus among urban analysts that inner‐city neighborhoods suffer from a lack of social capital. Because these areas do not have a strong social infrastructure in place to support successful revitalization efforts, urban policy recommendations now call for developing social capital in the worst‐off parts of our cities. However, this consensus has been reached without any empirical analysis of the effect of social capital on urban neighborhoods. Moreover, there have been few, if any, efforts to show how to measure social capital at a neighborhood level. This article proposes a social capital model of neighborhood change that measures social capital as a function of two constitutive elements: sociocultural milieu and institutional infrastructure. In addition, we present a theoretical model to show how social capital affects neighborhood stability and an empirical analysis that provides evidence of the positive effect social capital has on neighborhood stability.
252 citations
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TL;DR: Wilson et al. as discussed by the authors conducted a quantitative synthesis and meta-analysis of 33 evaluations of educational, vocational, and work programs for persons in correctional facilities, using the Campbell Collaboration methodology.
Abstract: One consequence of the tremendous growth in the number of persons under supervision of the criminal justice system, whether incarcerated, on parole, or on probation, is the effect of this criminal history on finding and keeping a job. Ex-offenders, especially those recently released from prison, face substantial barriers to many types of legal employment; nonetheless, stable employment is one of the best predictors of post-release success. Thus, policy-makers concerned about high recidivism rates face an obvious need to improve the employment prospects of ex-offenders. Over the last 25 years, many programs that were designed to increase employment (and, by so doing, reduce recidivism) among ex-offenders have been implemented and evaluated. [Wilson, D. B., Gallagher, C. A., Coggeshall, M. B. & MacKenzie, D. L. (1999). Corrections Management Quarterly 3(4), 8–18; Wilson, D. B., Gallagher, C. A. & MacKenzie, D. L. (2000). Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 37(4), 347–368] conducted a quantitative synthesis and meta-analysis of 33 evaluations of educational, vocational, and work programs for persons in correctional facilities. To date, however, the evaluation literature on employment programs for those with a criminal record who are not in custody has not been systematically reviewed. This paper presents the results of a quantitative meta-analysis of eight random assignment studies of such programs, using the Campbell Collaboration methodology. The results indicate that this group of community employment programs for ex-offenders did not reduce recidivism; however, the experimental design research on this question is small and does not include some of the promising community employment programs that have emerged in the last decade.
251 citations
Authors
Showing all 937 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Jun Yang | 107 | 2090 | 55257 |
Jesse A. Berlin | 103 | 331 | 64187 |
Joseph P. Newhouse | 101 | 484 | 47711 |
Ted R. Miller | 97 | 384 | 116530 |
Peng Gong | 95 | 525 | 32283 |
James Evans | 69 | 659 | 23585 |
Mark Baker | 65 | 382 | 20285 |
Erik Swyngedouw | 64 | 344 | 23494 |
Richard V. Burkhauser | 63 | 347 | 13059 |
Philip J. Held | 62 | 113 | 21596 |
George Galster | 60 | 226 | 13037 |
Laurence C. Baker | 57 | 211 | 11985 |
Richard Heeks | 56 | 281 | 15660 |
Sandra L. Hofferth | 54 | 163 | 12382 |
Kristin A. Moore | 54 | 265 | 9270 |