Urban Institute

About: Urban Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Medicaid & Population. The organization has 927 authors who have published 2330 publications receiving 86426 citations.

Poor People and Poor Hospitals: Implications for Public Policy

Abstract: In 1980, while most hospitals were in reasonably good financial health, hospitals heavily involved in serving the poor ran a considerable risk of financial trouble. Fewer than 9 percent of the nation's hospitals accounted for 40 percent of the nation's total care to the poor. These hospitals, almost half of which were in the 100 largest cities, not only devoted more of their care to the poor than other hospitals, they also served substantially smaller proportions of privately-insured patients. The result was that one-third of these hospitals--by themselves accounting for over 15 percent of all care to the poor--ran deficits in 1980. Using data from a 1980 survey of nonfederal, nonprofit hospitals, this paper examines the fiscal situation of hospitals heavily involved in serving the poor. The analysis shows that it is insufficient revenues, not inefficiency or underuse, that creates these hospitals' financial problems. The article concludes with an assessment of several policies that could be adopted to alleviate this financial pressure and sustain care to the poor.

Adolescent Risk Factors for Sexual Victimization A Longitudinal Analysis of Rural Women

Abstract: Longitudinal data were used to examine riskfactors for sexual victimization among 237 young adult rural women. In this sample, 8% reported experiencing forced sex (i.e., physically violent experiences) and a separate 22% reported experiencing coerced sex(i.e., external psychological manipulation, substance-related coercion, or internal psychological pressure.) Women who had more educated mothers had a greater probability of reporting forced sex. In addition, mothers’ education moderated the relationship between individual riskfactors and the probability of reporting forced sex. For women with less educated mothers, higher frequency of sexual activity during adolescence was related to an increased probability of reporting forced sex. For women with more educated mothers, higher frequency of sexual activity was related to a decreased probability of reporting forced sex. Frequency of sexual activity during adolescence was also related to coerced sex, with higher frequency of sexual activity predicting a grea...

Financing New School Construction and Modernization: Evidence from California

Abstract: In this paper, we examine the level and distribution of school facilities spending in California. We find that spending levels dropped prior to passage of Proposition 13. While spending on school facilities has increased in the past decade, California's per capita spending is still 20 percent lower than the national average. We also find that revenue for school facilities is quite unequally distributed across school districts. This disparity is explained almost equally by differences in enrollment growth and assessed values of property. (National Tax Journal LIV: 527-39, September.)

Modeling Income in the Near Term 5

Abstract: This report describes the work the Urban Institute performed to generate the Model of Income in the Near Term, Version 5 (MINT5). MINT is a tool developed for The Division of Policy Evaluation (DPE) of the Social Security Administration (SSA) to analyze the distributional consequences of Social Security reform proposals. MINT is a micro-level data file of individuals born between 1926 and 2018. It starts with a rich set of income and demographic characteristics from the 1990 to 1996 Survey of Income and Program Particpation (SIPP) data linked to SSA data on earnings and benefits. MINT then projects these characteristics until death or the year 2099.

Racial and ethnic differences in the management of childhood asthma in the United States.

Abstract: Objectives. We examined racial and ethnic differences in the management of childhood asthma in the United States and the extent that care conformed to clinical best practices. Methods. Two years of pooled data from the National Health Interview Survey were analyzed using logistic regression. The sample included all children between ages 2 and 17 years who had asthma currently and had been diagnosed with asthma by a doctor or health professional (n = 1757; 465 African-American, 212 Mexican-American, 190 Puerto Rican and other Hispanic, 806 white, non-Hispanic, and 84 children of other and multiple races and ethnicities). Results. African-American children with asthma were significantly less likely than white, non-Hispanic children to have taken preventive asthma medication, but more likely to have had an asthma management plan. Mexican-American and Puerto Rican and other Hispanic children did not differ significantly from white, non-Hispanic children in either receiving preventive asthma medication or havi...