Urban Institute

About: Urban Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Medicaid & Population. The organization has 927 authors who have published 2330 publications receiving 86426 citations.

State of the Art of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Ecosystems and Architectures: An Overview of, and a Definition, Ecosystem and System Architecture for Electric Mobility as a Service (eMaaS)

Abstract: Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is a concept that aligns with both current and future mobility demands of users, namely intermodal, personalized, on-demand and seamless. Although the number of shared mobility, electric mobility and multimodal passenger transport users is rapidly growing, until now, the list of MaaS and electric Mobility as Service (eMaaS) providers is quite short. This could partly be explained by the lack of a common architecture that facilitates the complex integration of all actors involved in the (e)MaaS ecosystem. The goal of this publication is to give an overview of the state of the art regarding (e)MaaS’ ecosystems and architectures. Moreover, it aims to support the further development of eMaaS by proposing a definition and a novel system architecture for eMaaS. Firstly, the state of the art of the MaaS ecosystem is reviewed. Secondly, the eMaaS ecosystem that builds upon our definition of eMaaS is described and the MaaS system- and technical- architectures found in literature are reviewed. Finally, an eMaaS architecture that focuses on the integration of MaaS and electric mobility systems is presented. With the definition, ecosystem and system architecture presented in this work, the aim is to support the further development of the eMaaS concept.

Bridging or Deepening the Digital Divide: Influence of Household Internet Access on Formal and Informal Volunteering:

Abstract: The digital divide persists; a quarter of the U.S. population is unconnected, left without Internet access at home. Yet volunteer recruitment is increasingly moving online to reach a broader audien...

The implications of unmet need for future health care use: findings for a sample of disabled Medicaid beneficiaries in New York.

Abstract: Using survey data linked with Medicaid claims data, this study examines the consequences of unmet need for future health care use for a sample of disabled Medicaid beneficiaries in Westchester County, New York. Among other things, we find that individuals reporting unmet need in 1999 were more likely to use emergency room and hospital care in 2000 than those not reporting unmet need. Addressing the barriers to care that underlie unmet need could generate cost savings to Medicaid and provide better health outcomes for program beneficiaries.

How do Medicare physician fees compare with private payers

Abstract: Under the new fee schedule, Medicare physician fees are 76 percent of private fees. Consistent with the intent of payment reform, Medicare physician fees more closely approximate private fees for visits (93 percent) than for surgery (51 percent) and in rural areas as compared with large metropolitan areas. Variation in private fees across the country is considerably greater than it is for Medicare fees. Consequently, Medicare fees are most generous in areas that compare least favorably with the private market because private fees in these areas are well above average. These results shed light on the impact of the fee schedule and on the implications of using Medicare payment methods as part of a broad-based health reform.