Urban Institute

About: Urban Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Medicaid & Population. The organization has 927 authors who have published 2330 publications receiving 86426 citations.

The Co-Occurrence of Physical and Cyber Dating Violence and Bullying Among Teens

Abstract: This study examined the overlap in teen dating violence and bullying perpetration and victimization, with regard to acts of physical violence, psychological abuse, and-for the first time ever-digitally perpetrated cyber abuse. A total of 5,647 youth (51% female, 74% White) from 10 schools participated in a cross-sectional anonymous survey. Results indicated substantial co-occurrence of all types of teen dating violence and bullying. Youth who perpetrated and/or experienced physical, psychological, and cyber bullying were likely to have also perpetrated/experienced physical and sexual dating violence, and psychological and cyber dating abuse.

Deadbeats and Turnips in Child Support Reform

Abstract: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management: Volume 17, Issue 1, pages 44?51, Winter 1998 Child support reforms have focused almost exclusively on punitive measures, driven by the stereotypical image of a deadbeat dad who can afford to pay child support but refuses to do so. This image fits some noncustodial fathers, but ignores the diverse nature of this population. We show that lack of income is a significant barrier to child support payments for 16 to 33 percent of young noncustodial fathers, whom we call turnips after the common saying that You can't get blood from a turnip. Furthermore, the characteristics of turnips are similar to those of custodial mothers who are long-term welfare recipients?both are disproportionately composed of young, poorly educated, never-married minorities with little work experience. These findings suggest that a new approach to child support enforcement is needed, one that offers these fathers flexible child support orders that both reflect their current economic circumstances and provide employment and training assistance to enable them to meet their child support obligations in the future.

Evaluating the Evidence on Teacher Certification: A Rejoinder

Abstract: In "Does Teacher Certification Matter? Evaluating the Evidence " (appearing in this issue of Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis), Linda Darling-Hammond, Barnett Berry, and Amy Thoreson, com...

Increasing teacher diversity by tapping the paraprofessional pool

Abstract: has become increasingly diverse racially and ethnically. This growing diversity is nowhere more apparent than in public elementary and secondary schools. In 1993, students of color made up over one-third of K-12 enrollments, up from less than one-quarter in 1976 (National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 1982, 1996). While the number of teachers of color also increased during this time period, their proportional gains pale in comparison to the dramatic demographic shift in the student population. Specifically, the fraction of people of color in the teaching force rose from 10 percent in 1976 to 13 percent by 1993 (NCES, 1996). As these figures indicate, the racial/ethnic disparity between teachers and students already evident 20 years ago has grown with time. This gap, which has serious social and educational implications for the nation and its schools (Carnegie Forum on Education and the Economy, 1986; Hidalgo & Huling-Austin, 1993; Smith, 1989), is expected to grow even wider in the years ahead unless immediate steps are taken to actively recruit more people of color into teaching (DarlingHammond, 1990).