Urban Institute

About: Urban Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Medicaid & Population. The organization has 927 authors who have published 2330 publications receiving 86426 citations.

Determinants of transitory and permanent nursing home admissions.

Abstract: This article describes an analysis of data from the 1982-84 National Long-Term Care Demonstration Project to estimate the risks of any nursing home admission, a temporary or transitory admission, and a permanent admission. Using a multinomial logit model, the relative predictive power of several individual characteristics on nursing home use and admission type were evaluated. It was found that the cognitively impaired subgroup was at the greatest risk of entering a nursing home, especially on a permanent basis. The results also demonstrated that the combination of cognitive impairment and functional impairment further increased the risk of a nursing home admission, particularly a permanent one. Other subgroups that had high probabilities of experiencing a nursing home admission were whites, nonhomeowners, those living alone, and those with prior nursing home stays. The findings identified several aged subgroups that were at no greater risk of nursing home admission regardless of admission type: older persons who were unmarried, had a low income, had no assets, and those on Medicaid.

The effect of parents' insurance coverage on access to care for low-income children.

Abstract: This study examines the effects of having an uninsured parent on access to health care for low-income children. Data from the 1999 National Survey of America's Families indicates that having an uninsured parent decreases the likelihood that a child will have any medical provider visit by 6.5 percentage points, and decreases the likelihood of a well-child visit by 6.7 percentage points. Efforts to increase insurance coverage of parents, either by extending eligibility for public insurance or through other policy interventions, will have positive spillover effects on access to care for children. (Davidoff, Amy, Genevieve Kenney, and Alshadye Yemane. Fall 2003. The Effect of Parents' Insurance Coverage on Access to Care for Low-Income Children. Inquiry 40(3): 254-268.)

Young men's risk behaviors for HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases, 1988 through 1991.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES. This paper analyzes age- and period-related changes in risk behaviors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and sexually transmitted diseases among young men in the United States between 1988 and 1991. METHODS. Data were from the 1988 and 1991 waves of the National Survey of Adolescent Males. The 1988 survey was a nationally representative survey of 1880 males aged 15 through 19 years. The 1991 survey was a longitudinal follow-up of 1676 males aged 17 through 22 years. RESULTS. As they aged, the young men increased their levels of sexual activity and decreased their condom use. Period-related changes between 1988 and 1991 were examined by comparing similar cohorts of 17.5- through 19-year-old men: there were signs that sexual activity and intravenous drug injection increased, but condom use did not change significantly. In 1991 51% of the young men said they were occasionally "high" during sex, a state that is related to reduced condom use. CONCLUSIONS. Early progress in fostering s...

Domestic Violence: A Non-random Affair

Abstract: In this paper, we develop and estimate a model of violence between romantically linked men and women. Physical violence is viewed as both a source of direct gratification and as an instrument for controlling the victim's behavior. Our model is a Stackleberg type model in which the assailant maximizes expected utility subject to the stochastic reaction function of the victim. Our model is estimated by a bounded-?influence regression technique because the process generating violence appears to lead to a heavy-tailed error distribution. Our empirical results suggest that increases in the assailants(i.e. the male's) income serve to increase violence, while increases in the proportion of the year that he is employed serve to decrease violence. Further, the employment effect is larger than the income effect. By way of contrast, our results suggest that the effect of a change in the female's employment or income depends heavily onher economic status relative to the male's. Finally, we find that improvements in the female's opportunites outside the relationship significantly reduce the level of violence.