Urban Institute

About: Urban Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Medicaid & Population. The organization has 927 authors who have published 2330 publications receiving 86426 citations.

Undocumented Mexico—U.S. Migration and the Returns to Households in Rural Mexico

Abstract: This paper presents estimates of net income gains to a sample of households in rural Mexico from sending migrants illegally to the United States, correcting for sample selectivity bias, and it examines the role of expected income gains in driving illegal Mexico—U.S. migration. There is no evidence that people who migrate illegally to the United States are above-average contributors to household income, either as workers in Mexico or as Mexico—U.S. migrants. However, other things being equal, villagers who are in the best position to contribute to household income as workers in Mexico are positively selected not to migrate to the United States.

Dating violence experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth.

Abstract: Media attention and the literature on lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth overwhelmingly focus on violence involving hate crimes and bullying, while ignoring the fact that vulnerable youth also may be at increased risk of violence in their dating relationships. In this study, we examine physical, psychological, sexual, and cyber dating violence experiences among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth—as compared to those of heterosexual youth, and we explore variations in the likelihood of help-seeking behavior and the presence of particular risk factors among both types of dating violence victims. A total of 5,647 youth (51 % female, 74 % White) from 10 schools participated in a cross-sectional anonymous survey, of which 3,745 reported currently being in a dating relationship or having been in one during the prior year. Results indicated that lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth are at higher risk for all types of dating violence victimization (and nearly all types of dating violence perpetration), compared to heterosexual youth. Further, when looking at gender identity, transgender and female youth are at highest risk of most types of victimization, and are the most likely perpetrators of all forms of dating violence but sexual coercion, which begs further exploration. The findings support the development of dating violence prevention programs that specifically target the needs and vulnerabilities of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth, in addition to those of female and transgender youth.

Housing Discrimination in Metropolitan America: Explaining Changes between 1989 and 2000

Abstract: African Americans and Hispanics traditionally have faced many barriers that limit their access to and choice of housing. During summer and fall 2000, local fair housing organizations conducted 4,600 paired tests across 20 major metropolitan areas nationwide. These surveys directly compared real estate or rental offices' treatment of African Americans and Hispanics to that of whites. The 2000 study replicates a 1989 national paired testing study, providing the most complete information available about the persistence of housing market discrimination against African American and Hispanic home seekers. The study finds that disparate treatment discrimination in rental and owner-occupied housing markets persists, but has declined substantially in magnitude over the last decade. Key exceptions to this general decline are discrimination against Hispanics in access to rental housing, racial steering of African Americans, and less assistance to Hispanics in obtaining financing provided.

Disparities in Diabetes: The Nexus of Race, Poverty, and Place

Abstract: Objectives We sought to determine the role of neighborhood poverty and racial composition on race disparities in diabetes prevalenceMethods We used data from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and 2000 US Census to estimate the impact of individual race and poverty and neighborhood racial composition and poverty concentration on the odds of having diabetesResults We found a race–poverty–place gradient for diabetes prevalence for Blacks and poor Whites The odds of having diabetes were higher for Blacks than for Whites Individual poverty increased the odds of having diabetes for both Whites and Blacks Living in a poor neighborhood increased the odds of having diabetes for Blacks and poor WhitesConclusions To address race disparities in diabetes, policymakers should address problems created by concentrated poverty (eg, lack of access to reasonably priced fruits and vegetables, recreational facilities, and health care services; high crime rates; and greater exposures to