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Institution

Urban Institute

NonprofitWashington D.C., District of Columbia, United States
About: Urban Institute is a nonprofit organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Medicaid & Population. The organization has 927 authors who have published 2330 publications receiving 86426 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper explored whether housing assistance that helps low-income families move to better neighborhoods can also improve access to good schools, and found that most MTO families did not relocate to communities with substantially better schools and those who did often moved again after a few years.
Abstract: Educational failure is one of the costliest and most visible problems associated with ghetto poverty. We explore whether housing assistance that helps low-income families move to better neighborhoods can also improve access to good schools. Research on the Gautreaux housing desegregation program indicated significant, long-term educational benefits, yet results from the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment showed no measurable impacts on school outcomes for the experimental group. We use interviews and ethnographic fieldwork to explore this puzzle. Most MTO families did not relocate to communities with substantially better schools, and those who did often moved again after a few years. Where parents had meaningful school choices, these were typically driven by poor information obtained from insular social networks or by cultural logic centered on avoiding ghetto-type school insecurity and disorder, not garnering academic opportunity. Those factors may not shift if poor families with less educated parents are served by a relocation-only strategy.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper analyzed the response of single women's housework, labor supply, and other time to variation in tax and transfer schedules across income levels, number of children, states, and time.
Abstract: The classic model of Becker (1965) suggests that labor supply decisions should be analyzed within the broader context of time allocation and market good consumption choices, but most empirical work on policy has focused exclusively on measuring impacts on market work. This paper examines how income taxes affect time allocation during the entire day, and how these time allocation decisions interact with expenditure patterns. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics from 1975 to 2004, we analyze the response of single women's housework, labor supply, and other time to variation in tax and transfer schedules across income levels, number of children, states, and time. We find that when the economic reward to participating in the labor force increases, market work increases and housework decreases, with the decrease in housework accounting for approximately two-thirds of the increase in market work. Analysis of repeated cross-sections of time diary data from 1975 to 2004 shows that "home production" decreases substantially when market hours of work increase in response to policy changes. Data on expenditures from the Consumer Expenditure Survey from 1980 to 2003 show some evidence that expenditures on market goods likely to substitute for housework increase in response to a greater incentive to join the labor force. The baseline estimates imply that the elasticity of substitution between consumption of home and market goods is 2.61. The results are consistent with the Becker model. Meanwhile, single men show little response to changes in tax policy, and we are able to rule out an elasticity of substitution between home and market goods for this group of more than 1.52.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of individual and contextual factors and legal interventions in reducing time to domestic violence revictimization is examined and hypotheses are deduced about the effects of these factors.
Abstract: This article examines the role of individual and contextual factors and legal interventions in reducing time to domestic violence revictimization. Drawing on current theory and research, hypotheses are deduced about the effects of these factors. Cox regression and survival analyses are employed to test the hypotheses using court, police, and census data from an urban jurisdiction in Texas. Prior drug use, race/ethnicity, and community-level income were associated with time to revictimization. However, there was little evidence either of interactive effects between race/ethnicity and community-level income or of differential effects of each of three types of legal interventions. Implications for theory, research, and domestic violence interventions are discussed.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Michael A. Kemp1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw together empirical evidence from a variety of sources about the magnitudes of transit price elasticities and cross-elasticities and some expectations about magnitude are discussed.
Abstract: This paper draws together empirical evidence from a variety of sources about the magnitudes of transit price elasticities and cross-elasticities. A number of different practical measures of demand elasticity are first defined and some expectations about magnitude are discussed. Evidence is then collated from the analysis of transit operating statistics, from experience in demonstration projects and from attempts to develop cross-sectional models of demand and modal choice.

56 citations


Authors

Showing all 937 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Jun Yang107209055257
Jesse A. Berlin10333164187
Joseph P. Newhouse10148447711
Ted R. Miller97384116530
Peng Gong9552532283
James Evans6965923585
Mark Baker6538220285
Erik Swyngedouw6434423494
Richard V. Burkhauser6334713059
Philip J. Held6211321596
George Galster6022613037
Laurence C. Baker5721111985
Richard Heeks5628115660
Sandra L. Hofferth5416312382
Kristin A. Moore542659270
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
20232
202214
202177
202080
2019100
2018113