Institution
Utrecht University
Education•Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands•
About: Utrecht University is a education organization based out in Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 58176 authors who have published 139351 publications receiving 6214282 citations. The organization is also known as: UU & Universiteit Utrecht.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated in a sample of 587 telecom managers whether workaholism, burnout, and work engagement can be distinguished empirically, with existing, validated multi-dimensional questionnaires.
Abstract: The present study investigated in a sample of 587 telecom managers whether workaholism, burnout, and work engagement—the supposed antipode of burnout—can be distinguished empirically. These three concepts were measured with existing, validated multi-dimensional questionnaires. Structural equation modeling revealed that a slightly modified version of the hypothesised model that assumed three distinct yet correlated constructs—burnout, engagement, and workaholism—fitted the data best. Multiple regression analyses revealed that these three concepts retained unique hypothesised patterns of relationships with variables from five clusters representing (1) long working hours, (2) job characteristics, (3) work outcomes, (4) quality of social relationships, and (5) perceived health, respectively. In sum, our analyses provided converging evidence that workaholism, burnout, and engagement are three different kinds of employee well-being rather than three of a kind. La presente etude examine aupres d’un echantillon de 587 cadres des telecommunications la question de savoir si l’addiction au travail, le burnout et l’engagement au travail—suppose l’inverse du burnout—peuvent etre distingues empiriquement. Ces trois concepts sont mesures a partir de questionnaires multi-dimensionnels existants et valides. La modelisation d’equation structurale indique qu’une version legerement modifiee du modele teste selon lequel le burnout, l’engagement au travail et l’addiction au travail sont trois formes distinctes bien que correlees du bien-etre, rend mieux compte des resultats. Des analyses de regression multiples montrent que ces trois concepts renvoient
1,284 citations
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Health Canada1, United States Environmental Protection Agency2, Brigham Young University3, University of Texas at Austin4, University of British Columbia5, Health Effects Institute6, McGill University7, University of Minnesota8, Harvard University9, Utrecht University10, University of Washington11, Fudan University12, New York University13, University of California, Los Angeles14, University of Ottawa15, American Cancer Society16, University of California, Davis17, Cancer Prevention Institute of California18, University of New Brunswick19, Dalhousie University20, Carleton University21, Statistics Canada22, University of Toronto23, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention24, St George's, University of London25, University of Hong Kong26, University of Ulm27, SERC Reliability Corporation28
TL;DR: PM2.5 exposure may be related to additional causes of death than the five considered by the GBD and that incorporation of risk information from other, nonoutdoor, particle sources leads to underestimation of disease burden, especially at higher concentrations.
Abstract: Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major global health concern. Quantitative estimates of attributable mortality are based on disease-specific hazard ratio models that incorporate risk information from multiple PM2.5 sources (outdoor and indoor air pollution from use of solid fuels and secondhand and active smoking), requiring assumptions about equivalent exposure and toxicity. We relax these contentious assumptions by constructing a PM2.5-mortality hazard ratio function based only on cohort studies of outdoor air pollution that covers the global exposure range. We modeled the shape of the association between PM2.5 and nonaccidental mortality using data from 41 cohorts from 16 countries-the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM). We then constructed GEMMs for five specific causes of death examined by the global burden of disease (GBD). The GEMM predicts 8.9 million [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.5-10.3] deaths in 2015, a figure 30% larger than that predicted by the sum of deaths among the five specific causes (6.9; 95% CI: 4.9-8.5) and 120% larger than the risk function used in the GBD (4.0; 95% CI: 3.3-4.8). Differences between the GEMM and GBD risk functions are larger for a 20% reduction in concentrations, with the GEMM predicting 220% higher excess deaths. These results suggest that PM2.5 exposure may be related to additional causes of death than the five considered by the GBD and that incorporation of risk information from other, nonoutdoor, particle sources leads to underestimation of disease burden, especially at higher concentrations.
1,283 citations
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TL;DR: Using biological assays, the HR2 peptide was shown to be a potent inhibitor of virus entry into the cell, as well as of cell-cell fusion.
Abstract: Coronavirus entry is mediated by the viral spike (S) glycoprotein. The 180-kDa oligomeric S protein of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 is posttranslationally cleaved into an S1 receptor binding unit and an S2 membrane fusion unit. The latter is thought to contain an internal fusion peptide and has two 4,3 hydrophobic (heptad) repeat regions designated HR1 and HR2. HR2 is located close to the membrane anchor, and HR1 is some 170 amino acids (aa) upstream of it. Heptad repeat (HR) regions are found in fusion proteins of many different viruses and form an important characteristic of class I viral fusion proteins. We investigated the role of these regions in coronavirus membrane fusion. Peptides HR1 (96 aa) and HR2 (39 aa), corresponding to the HR1 and HR2 regions, were produced in Escherichia coli. When mixed together, the two peptides were found to assemble into an extremely stable oligomeric complex. Both on their own and within the complex, the peptides were highly alpha helical. Electron microscopic analysis of the complex revealed a rod-like structure approximately 14.5 nm in length. Limited proteolysis in combination with mass spectrometry indicated that HR1 and HR2 occur in the complex in an antiparallel fashion. In the native protein, such a conformation would bring the proposed fusion peptide, located in the N-terminal domain of HR1, and the transmembrane anchor into close proximity. Using biological assays, the HR2 peptide was shown to be a potent inhibitor of virus entry into the cell, as well as of cell-cell fusion. Both biochemical and functional data show that the coronavirus spike protein is a class I viral fusion protein.
1,283 citations
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1,282 citations
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TL;DR: Severe hypoglycemia was strongly associated with increased risks of a range of adverse clinical outcomes, including respiratory, digestive, and skin conditions, and no relationship was found between repeated episodes of severe hypglycemia and vascular outcomes or death.
Abstract: Background Severe hypoglycemia may increase the risk of a poor outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes assigned to an intensive glucose-lowering intervention. We analyzed data from a large study of intensive glucose lowering to explore the relationship between severe hypoglycemia and adverse clinical outcomes. Methods We examined the associations between severe hypoglycemia and the risks of macrovascular or microvascular events and death among 11,140 patients with type 2 diabetes, using Cox proportional-hazards models with adjustment for covariates measured at baseline and after randomization. Results During a median follow-up period of 5 years, 231 patients (2.1%) had at least one severe hypoglycemic episode; 150 had been assigned to intensive glucose control (2.7% of the 5571 patients in that group), and 81 had been assigned to standard glucose control (1.5% of the 5569 patients in that group). The median times from the onset of severe hypoglycemia to the first major macrovascular event, the first major microvascular event, and death were 1.56 years (interquartile range, 0.84 to 2.41), 0.99 years (interquartile range, 0.40 to 2.17), and 1.05 years (interquartile range, 0.34 to 2.41), respectively. During follow-up, severe hypoglycemia was associated with a significant increase in the adjusted risks of major macrovascular events (hazard ratio, 2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.01 to 4.12), major microvascular events (hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.74), death from a cardiovascular cause (hazard ratio, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.72 to 4.19), and death from any cause (hazard ratio, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.97 to 3.67) (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Similar associations were apparent for a range of nonvascular outcomes, including respiratory, digestive, and skin conditions (P<0.01 for all comparisons). No relationship was found between repeated episodes of severe hypoglycemia and vascular outcomes or death. Conclusions Severe hypoglycemia was strongly associated with increased risks of a range of adverse clinical outcomes. It is possible that severe hypoglycemia contributes to adverse outcomes, but these analyses indicate that hypoglycemia is just as likely to be a marker of vulnerability to such events. (Funded by Servier and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00145925.)
1,280 citations
Authors
Showing all 58756 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Ronald C. Kessler | 274 | 1332 | 328983 |
Albert Hofman | 267 | 2530 | 321405 |
Douglas G. Altman | 253 | 1001 | 680344 |
Hans Clevers | 199 | 793 | 169673 |
Craig B. Thompson | 195 | 557 | 173172 |
Patrick W. Serruys | 186 | 2427 | 173210 |
Ruedi Aebersold | 182 | 879 | 141881 |
Dennis S. Charney | 179 | 802 | 122408 |
Kenneth S. Kendler | 177 | 1327 | 142251 |
Jean Louis Vincent | 161 | 1667 | 163721 |
Vilmundur Gudnason | 159 | 837 | 123802 |
Monique M.B. Breteler | 159 | 546 | 93762 |
Lex M. Bouter | 158 | 767 | 103034 |
Elio Riboli | 158 | 1136 | 110499 |
Roy F. Baumeister | 157 | 650 | 132987 |