Showing papers by "Utsunomiya University published in 1968"
TL;DR: Investigation of the effects of herbicides on dividing and nondividing staminal hair cells of Tradescantia and stipular cells of Vicia of the following herbicides confirmed earlier studies on fixed material and demonstrated that ntralin, like CIPC and IPC, was more toxic to TradesCantia, a monocot, than to Vician, a dicot.
Abstract: By means of in vivo observation, the effects on dividing and nondividing staminal hair cells of Tradescantia and stipular cells of Vicia of the following herbicides were investigated: picloram, pyriclor, trifluralin, 2, 3, 6-TBA, 2, 3, 5, 6-TBA, and nitralin.At high concentrations, picloram and pyriclor cause coagulation of cytoplasm. At low concentrations, they increase cell elongation in both Tradescantia and Vicia.Trifluralin, 2, 3, 6-TBA and 2, 3, 5, 6-TBA were more toxic to Vicia than to Tradescantia cells. In fact, trifluralin caused a significant increase in final cell lengths compared to the controls, whereas it had little or no effect on elongation of Vicia leaf cells in isolated pieces of tissue.Nitralin in very low concentrations caused mitotic aberrations similar to those induced by colchicine. These results confirmed earlier studies on fixed material and further demonstrated that ntralin, like CIPC and IPC, was more toxic to Tradescantia, a monocot, than to Vicia, a dicot. Nitralin should prove to be a valuable tool in relating deviations in the normal pattern of mitosis as observed in the light microscope with changes that take place at the ultrastructural and biochemical level.The effects of picloram, pyriclor and 2, 3, 6-TBA on chloroplast development are discussed.Malformation and death of plants treated with herbicides must be explained ultimately on the basis of effects on division, growth, and differentiation of individual cells. These effects, in turn, must be understood in terms of the mechanism of action of the herbicide at the molecular level. Explanations of the selective action of herbicides may reside in differences in absorption or translocation between susceptible and nonsusceptible species. But, if the selectivity is based on differences in tolerances to the herbicide at the cellular level, in vivo studies of this nature provide essential information.
15 citations
01 Jan 1968
11 citations
TL;DR: Treatment of Vicia leaf cells with low concentrations of picloram and trifluralin caused a significant increase in cell length in Tradescantia and chloroplasts were de veloping by the second day following treatment and that the cells survived for at least 14 days.
Abstract: The authors previously reported (Sawamura and Jackson 1968) that treatment of Vicia leaf cells with low concentrations of 4-amino-3, 5, 6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) caused a marked increase in final cells length and the cells were wavy in appearance due to unbalanced growth. There was also a decrease in size of chloroplasts in these cells. They also stated that ƒ¿, ƒ¿, ƒ¿-trifluoro-2, 6-dinitro-N, N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) caused a significant increase in cell length in Tradescantia and that chloroplasts were de veloping by the second day following treatment and that the cells survived for at least 14 days. In the present investigation, these secondary effects of picloram and trifluralin have been investigated in more detail by using the same methods and essentially the same materials described earlier.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method of analyzing the one-dimensional consolidation due to the three-dimensional dehydration in the previous paper, which can be applied to the case where a structure is loaded locally on the comparatively wide ground, but it is often unapplicable to the consolidation effect of the ground with the long-stretched structures such as ordinary roads or embankments.
Abstract: The author proposed a method of analyzing the one-dimensional consolidation due to the three-dimensional dehydration in the previous paper. The method can be applied to the case where a structure is loaded locally on the comparatively wide ground, but it is often unapplicable to the consolidation effect of the ground with the long-stretched structures such as ordinary roads or embankments. In such case, the dehydration accompanying with the consolidation is thought to occur mainly in two directions, namely in the transverse direction of the structure and in the vertical direction of the consolidated layer, and the dehydration is practically observed as the synthetic flow of these two flows. Therefore, it is necessarily required to regard the phenomena as the one-dimensional consolidation due to the two-dimensional dehydration in the analysis of such cases. The method of analyzing of the consolidation effects with such cases and its application are mainly reported in the present paper.
1 citations