Showing papers by "Utsunomiya University published in 1997"
TL;DR: The present results indicate that a large number of strains per day is not necessary for bone hypertrophy to develop in rats.
Abstract: The effects of jump training on bone morphological and mechanical properties were investigated in immature bones of female Fischer 344 rats. Five-week-old rats were divided into control or five jump-trained groups comprised of 5-, 10-, 20-, 40-, and 100-jump groups, representing the number of jumps per day. The rats were jump-trained 5 days/week for 8 weeks, and the height of jump was increased to 40 cm progressively. The femur and tibia in the 5-jump group had significantly greater fat-free dry weights per body weight and maximum loads at the fracture tests than those in the control group. The tibia in the 5-jump group also had significantly larger cortical area at the cross-sectional analysis. Although a slight tendency toward increase according to the number of jumps per day was observed, there were few differences in bone morphological and mechanical parameters among the 10-, 20-, and 40-jump groups. The present results indicate that a large number of strains per day is not necessary for bone hypertrophy to develop in rats.
419 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that sequence analysis of ITS rDNA regions of R. solani may be a valuable tool for identifying AG subgroups of biological significance.
Abstract: Sequence analysis of the rDNA region containing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the 5.8s rDNA coding sequence was used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 45 isolates within and between anastomosis groups (AGs) in Rhizoctonia solani. The 5.8s rDNA sequence was completely conserved across all the AGs examined, whereas the ITS rDNA sequence was found to be highly variable among isolates. The sequence homology in the ITS regions was above 96% for isolates of the same subgroup, 66-100% for isolates of different subgroups within an AG, and 55-96% for isolates of different AGs. In neighbor-joining trees based on distances derived from ITS-5.8s rDNA sequences, subgroups IA, IB and IC within AG-1 and subgroups HG-I and HG-II within AG-4 were placed on statistically significant branches as assessed by bootstrap analysis. These results suggest that sequence analysis of ITS rDNA regions of R. solani may be a valuable tool for identifying AG subgroups of biological significance.
212 citations
TL;DR: The findings indicate that the lkb plants are BR-deficient mutants, probably as a consequence of a block in the BR biosynthetic pathway prior to the production of teasterone.
Abstract: Endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) in the dwarf mutants lka and lkb of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) and comparable wild-type plants were quantified by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring using deuterated internal standards. In young shoots of the lkb mutant, the levels of brassinolide, castasterone, and 6-deoxocastasterone were 23-, 22-, and 9-fold lower, respectively, than those of wild-type plants. Applications of brassinolide, castasterone, typhasterol, 3-dehydroteasterone, and teasterone normalized internode growth of lkb seedlings. These findings indicate that the lkb plants are BR-deficient mutants, probably as a consequence of a block in the BR biosynthetic pathway prior to the production of teasterone. Young shoots of lka plants contained only 50% less brassinolide and 5 times more castasterone than the equivalent wild-type tissues. The lka seedlings were approximately 100 times less responsive to brassinolide than the lkb mutant, and application of castasterone had only a marginal effect on lka internode growth, suggesting that the lka lesion results in impaired sensitivity to BR.
202 citations
11 Dec 1997-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: In this paper, a new experimental apparatus, designed principally for a high sensitivity search for ν μ → ν τ oscillation, has been successlly constructed and made operational by the CHORUS Collaboration for the CERN-WA95 experiment.
Abstract: A new experimental apparatus, designed principally for a high sensitivity search for ν μ → ν τ oscillation, has been successlly constructed and made operational by the CHORUS Collaboration for the CERN-WA95 experiment. It consists of a large emulsion target, a scintillating fiber tracker system with optoelectronics read-out, an air-core magnet, a set of trigger hodoscopes, a calorimeter based on the lead/scintillating-fiber technique, and a muon spectrometer. The design, construction and performance of the entire apparatus and of the different detectors are described.
168 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that an application of ALA at low concentrations increased the growth and yield by 10ndash;60percnt; over the control on kidney bean, barley, potato and garlic and may enhance agricultural productivity.
Abstract: The role of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a precursor of chlorophyll or a herbicide is well documented. In the present report, to elucidate the physiological effects of ALA, this compound was applied to the foliage of radish at 0.06, 0.18, 0.6, 1.8 and 6 mM. ALA at 0.06ndash;1.8 mM increased the dry weight of radish root (underground part), but injured radish seedlings at 6 mM. Also, the application of ALA at 0.18 and 0.6 mM increased fixation of CO2 in light and decreased release of CO2 in darkness.
160 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that CRF is a potent inhibitor of food intake in the chick, but the suppression of food Intake induced by central GLP-1 may not be involved in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
152 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of surface radiation on the flow field, temperature distribution, and heat transfer is predicted, and it is shown that surface radiation significantly altered the temperature distribution and the flow patterns, especially at higher Rayleigh numbers.
Abstract: The interaction of natural convection with thermal radiation of gray surfaces in a square enclosure filled with air has been numerically investigated. The effect of radiation on the flow field, temperature distribution, and heat transfer is predicted. The result shows that surface radiation significantly altered the temperature distribution and the flow patterns, especially at higher Rayleigh numbers. The average convection Nusselt number increases with the increase of Ra. The presence of surface radiation can change the value of average convection Nusselt number, but only little variation can be observed with the increase of emissivity. The average radiative Nusselt number rises quickly with the increase of emissivity, and radiation heat transfer plays an important part in overall heat flux at larger emissivity. The correlation of entire average Nusselt number has also been discussed for evaluating heat transfer through the enclosure,
140 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that ALA have a variety of plant physiological effects on chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, and plant growth, and ALA acts as a growth regulator in plants at low concentrations.
Abstract: 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) promoted the growth and yield of several crops and vegetables at concentrations lower than those eliciting herbicidal responses, i.e., less than 1.8 mm by foliar spray and 60 μm by root soaking. To evaluate the physiological action of ALA, the effects of ALA on plants were examined by several bioassay systems at 0.0006-600 μm. ALA at 0.06-6 μm by root soaking increased the growth of rice seedlings in light, but did not affect this in darkness. In horseradish shoot primordia, promotion by ALA was not proportional among total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll concentration, and fresh weight. In the test using pothos, ALA at 0.06 μm elicited the accumulation of chlorophyll, but the photosynthesis of the plants was promoted by treatment together with ALA and nutrients. These results suggest that ALA have a variety of plant physiological effects on chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, and plant growth, and ALA acts as a growth regulator in plants at low concentrations. These effects of ALA were also assumed to be linked to light irradiation and an uptake of fertilizer by plants. However, excess ALA suppressed these effects.
137 citations
TL;DR: The data show that the flavonols are the most effective inducers of quinone reductase activity in Hepa1c1c7 cells and that flavanols and flavans are ineffective.
114 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that central GLP-1 may interact with NPY and may be the most potent inhibitor of food intake in the chicken.
83 citations
TL;DR: These results, together with previously published data, demonstrate an alternative biosynthetic pathway of brassinolide production that is operated in cultured cells of C. roseus in addition to the early C-6 oxidation pathway.
TL;DR: Results show that GLP-1 with a variety of amino acid sequences may be the most potent inhibitor of food intake in the chicken.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the characteristics of negative inductance and showed how to produce negative induction by variable active-passive reactance (VAPAR) in a two-terminal reactive element.
Abstract: The concept of the variable active-passive reactance (VAPAR) has been proposed previously. VAPAR consists of an inverter and a few passive elements with a control system, which behaves like a two-terminal reactive element, and the produced active reactance works as a passive reactive component, including in transient state. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of negative inductance and to show how to produce negative inductance by VAPAR. First, the principle and realization of VAPAR and complete two-terminal VAPAR (CTT-VAPAR) are explained. Second, the characteristics of negative inductance are analyzed from the point of view of frequency characteristics of impedance and transient response, using capacitance as a reference. Finally, through simulations and experiments, it is verified that VAPAR can generate negative inductance, and it is demonstrated that the actual inductance is cancelled.
TL;DR: Two new microviridin-type peptides were isolated from the freshwater cyanobacterium Nostoc minutum (NIES-26) and shown to be 1 and 2 respectively, on the basis of 2D NMR data and chemical degradation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the La3+ ion of a quantum paraelectric perovskite La 1/2Na1/2TiO3 was substituted with the smaller tripositive lanthanide ions Ln3+.
Abstract: The La3+ ion of a quantum paraelectric perovskite La1/2Na1/2TiO3 was substituted with the smaller tripositive lanthanide ions Ln3+. The X-ray structural study and Rietveld refinement of Ln1/2Na1/2TiO3 for Ln=Pr to Tb showed that they are synthesized as orthorhombic perovskite structure with the space group Pnma. Their lattice parameters and dielectric constants decreased from Pr to Tb with an increasing volume of TiO6-octahedron. A high temperature quantum paraelectricity was found for Ln = Pr to Eu. Because of negative extrapolated Curie temperature, the process of explanation used for the typical quantum paraelectric SrTiO3 is not applicable to the quantum paraelectricity in Ln1/2Na1/2TiO3 for Ln = La ∼ Eu.
TL;DR: In this article, a new configuration of lensed fibers as the coupling between laser diodes and single-mode fibers is proposed, which consists of a hemispherically ended coreless-fiber and a quarter-pitch length of a graded-index fiber.
Abstract: A new configuration of lensed fibers as the coupling between laser diodes and single-mode fibers is proposed. The lensed fiber consists of a hemispherically ended coreless-fiber and a quarter-pitch length of a graded-index fiber. Fabrication is quite simple and rapid. Basic characteristics of the new configuration, including long working distances and wide tolerances, are experimentally verified. The new configuration is suitable for integration-oriented coupling between arrayed laser diodes and an array of single-mode fibers.
TL;DR: In this article, a column packed with NIPA AAm gel immobilized enzyme under exposure to a magnetic field (effective value 830 Oe, maximum value 1,170 Oe and 1.68-2.66 kHz).
TL;DR: ‘幸水’のポット栽植時に恒温処理し, その約1160時間で自発休眠から覚醒し, 以下の結果を得た。
Abstract: 外見的には明かでないニホンナシ混合芽の自発休眠覚醒を気温から推定, 予測可能なモデルの開発を行った。‘幸水’のポット栽植時に恒温処理し, その後加温した。開花状況から自発休眠覚醒までの時間を測定し, 以下の結果を得た。1. 0, 3, 6℃では約750時間, 9℃では約1160時間で自発休眠から覚醒し, 12℃では覚醒しなかった。2. 実験結果をもとに気温と発育速度の関係を数式化し, 気温の経過から自発休眠覚醒を予測するモデルを構築した。3. 露地において自発休眠覚醒期を実験的に測定し, 上記モデルから推定した自発休眠覚醒期と比較した結果, モデルの正当性が確認された。4. 低温要求量およびチルユニットも発育速度モデルの特殊な場合であることを数学的に示した。
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between the distribution of Dipterocarp species and soils with reference to the soil physico-chemical, morphological, and microbiological properties.
Abstract: Dryobalanops aromatica and D. Ianceolata (hereafter denoted as Lin and Dl, respectively) are major Dipterocarp species constituting an emergent layer in the Bornean Rain Forest, and their distributions are in proximity, but never overlap. Thus, we examined the relationship between the distribution of these species and soils with reference to the soil physico-chemical, morphological, and microbiological properties, Based on the topographical investigation, was located only on the upper slope, whereas Dl occupied on both upper and lower slopes. The soil solums examined around these two species were always deeper than 1,3 meter. Soil texture was always sandy for the soils around Da, on the other hand, ranging from sandy te clayey for these around Dl. Furthermore, the following differences were found; 1) organic layer was thicker {n the Da soils, 2) soil color of subsurface horizons was duller in the Dl soils, and 3) only the Dl soils contained coarse fragments. 4) the amounts of exchangeable cations such as Ca and/or Mg and total oxides’ content of K2O, MgO, and P2O5 were higher for the Dl soils, 5) the amounts of exchangeable At and H were higher in the Da soils, 6} proportion of air phase and volume of macropore, and the value of sand content were higher for the Da soils, showing that the Da soils easily attain to drier soil moisture condition after rainfall, which was proved by monitoring soil water potential, 7) ten times as much fungal colonies were detected in the Da soils as compared to the Dl soils. These result$ suggest that Da emerges on a sandy soil with a dominance of drier soil moisture condition for some period and a low nutrient status with high acidity on the reflection of stable pedogenetic processes, while Dl stands on either clayey or sandy soil with a dominance of reductive condition for a certain period and relatively high nutrient status with low acidity, reflecting weak pedogenctic processes. It was well-known that shifting cultivators utilize a land where Dl dominates as a productive crop field, Their traditional way of land selection proves to be rational from the standpoint of soil science.
TL;DR: In this paper, dielectric properties of quantum paraelectric materials, such as (La 1/2Na1/2)TiO3, (SrirTiO 3, CaTiO 2, and (La 2 Na 1 2 )TiO 4, were discussed.
Abstract: Dielectric properties of quantum paraelectric materials, SrTiO3, CaTiO3 and (La1/2Na1/2)TiO3, were presented and discussed since they show the titled dielectric properties in the lowest te...
TL;DR: Magnetic separation was introduced to an activated sludge process to improve the solid-liquid separation characteristics of the sludge as mentioned in this paper, which was operated with the intermittent aeration method and applied for the removal of organic matter and nitrogen in wastewater.
TL;DR: Aqueous shoot extracts added to the incubation media at the same dosage for promotion of seed germination inhibited radicle elongation of M. vaginalis, indicating that the sensitivity of the weed varies between these two growth stages.
Abstract: Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the allelopathic potentials of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) on seed germination and radicle elongation of Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) Presl var. plantaginea (Roxb.) Solms-Laubat. To compare the relative allelopathic potentials of rice plants at different growth stages, aqueous extracts of dried tissues were obtained from the seeds, husks, and seedlings harvested 10, 20, 40 and 120 days after seeding. When M. vaginalis seeds were incubated in solutions containing aqueous extracts, significant increases in the germination rate were observed for all the aqueous extracts except for the extract of 10 d-old shoots at higher dosages. When partitioned with ethyl acetate, the germination-promoter(s) in the aqueous extracts remained in the aqueous phase while some inhibitors were extracted with ethyl acetate. In contrast, aqueous shoot extracts added to the incubation media at the same dosage for promotion of seed germination inhibited radicle elongation of M. vaginalis, indicating that the sensitivity of the weed varies between these two growth stages.
TL;DR: In this paper, magnetic heating was applied to convert magnetic energy into chemomechanical work by using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly (NIPAAm) gel, exhibiting a reversible swellingshrinking property.
Abstract: Magnetic heating was applied to convert magnetic energy into chemomechanical work by using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(NIPAAm) gel, exhibiting a reversible swellingshrinking property. y-Fe2O3, which can generate heat by itself due to hysteresis loss in the presence of an alternating magnetic field, was immobilized within poly(NIPAAm) gel. The shrinking rate of the hydrogel accelerated when the inner temperature of the gel was increased over 34°C, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The initial rate of the temperature increase, which was in proportion to the amount of immobilized ferromagnetic powder, was 0.2°C/s in the gel immobilized 24% of the y-Fe2O3 weight under the alternating magnetic field (effective value 830 Oe, maximum value 1,170 Oe, 2.08 kHz). Cylindrical poly(NIPAAm) gel rods immobilized 24% y-Fe2O3, which was crosslinked by 5% N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, were able to generate mechanical force. Five gel rods whose cross-area was 1.5 x 10-1 cm2 at 22°C could lift 20 g of wei...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied magnetically triggered phase transition of the hydrogel as a chemomechanical device and found that the initial rates of stress generated by the gels prepared in water and in 0.8 M NaCl at 22°C were 0.04 and 0.75 kPa s −1, respectively.
TL;DR: In this paper, a frequency upshift of several megahertz was observed in the interaction of a high power microwave with an unmagnetized inhomogeneous argon plasma.
Abstract: A frequency upshift of several megahertz is observed in the interaction of a high power microwave (${\mathrm{f}}_{0}$=9 GHz) with an unmagnetized inhomogeneous argon plasma. The dependencies of the frequency upshift on the plasma density, incident microwave power and space have been investigated. The induced frequency upshift is considered to be related to a rapidly expanding plasma created by the ponderomotive force of a strong standing wave.
TL;DR: In this article, a series of equations have been proposed to calculate take-off angle dependency of the elemental composition of layer-structured models from the experimentally obtained peak intensities of XPS.
Abstract: A series of equations have been proposed to calculate take-off angle dependency of the elemental composition of layer-structured models from the experimentally obtained peak intensities of XPS. We have measured the take-off angle dependency of XPS peaks of O 1s, C 1s, Si 2p and Cd 3d from a well-characterized one-layer Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film of polymerized cadmium 10,12-pentacosadiynoate on a silicon wafer substrate and have applied the newly proposed equations to deduce attenuation lengths of photoelectrons for every element in the layer-structured organic materials. From the best fitting between the theoretically calculated and the experimentally obtained data by the least-squares method, attenuation lengths for a monolayer film of polymerized cadmium 10,12-pentacosadiynoate have been evaluated to be 3.4, 3.7, 4.0 and 4.5 nm for the respective photoelectrons of O 1s (955 eV), Cd 3d5/2 (1082 eV), C 1s (1202 eV) and Si 2p (1388 eV) with the kinetic energy dependency ofE0.75. It is essential to use polymerized LB films and to confirm the surface structure of the film directly by suitable techniques such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy or transmission electron microscopy.© 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the grinding performance of monocrystalline and polycrystalline abrasives with a newly developed nanocrystine (N-CBN) abrasive, when grinding nickel-based superalloys.
Abstract: CBN grinding wheels are increasingly used on a wide range of engineering materials. This paper compares the grinding performance of monocrystalline (M-CBN) and polycrystalline (P-CBN) abrasives with a newly developed nanocrystalline (N-CBN) abrasive, when grinding nickel-based superalloys. The N-CBN grits possess average crystal grain diameters less than 1 μm compared to average primary grain diameters of 2.3 Aim for P-CBN. It was found that the nanocrystalline CBN grits possess higher fracture strength which give reduced wear rates and yield an order of magnitude increase in grinding wheel life. Analysis of the cutting edge distribution shows that the reduced wear rate of N-CBN is due to the predominance of a micro-fracturing mode of abrasive wear. The size of this micro-fracturing is considerably smaller in N-CBN than in P-CBN.
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of the racemates of the structure 1 proposed for sorgolactone and its three stereoisomers was achieved by confirming the stereostructures of the intermediate (±)-6 and the final product(±)-1 by X-ray analyses.
TL;DR: In this paper, double-stranded RNA multimers of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) satellite RNA were detected in CMV-infected plants using RT-PCR.
Abstract: Double-stranded RNA multimers of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) satellite RNA were detected in CMV-infected plants. RT-PCR showed that plus-sense and minus-sense monomers and plus-sense multimers of satellite RNA were present. Multimeric minus-sense RNA was not present except in the form of multimeric dsRNA. Sequence analysis of 52 cloned junction regions in head-to-tail repeats of unit-length satellite RNA indicated that about 35% of the junction sequences were precise fusions of monomer units, 56% lacked sequence of the 5' component, and 10% lacked sequence of both 3' and 5' components. No junction contained additional nucleotides. Deletions at the junction regions may have accumulated during CMV multiplication in inoculated plants. These data suggest that replicase is not released from the template during synthesis of multimeric molecules of satellite RNA.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) on citric acid fermentation in the surface culture method was examined, and two types of contactors, disk and drum systems, were used.