Utsunomiya University

About: Utsunomiya University is a education organization based out in Utsunomiya, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Holography. The organization has 4139 authors who have published 6812 publications receiving 91975 citations. The organization is also known as: Utsunomiya daigaku.

Topography of ganglion cells in the retina of the horse.

Abstract: Topography of ganglion cells in the retina of the horse (Thoroughbred) was analyzed in the wholemount retina stained with cresyl violet, and a total number of ganglion cells were estimated. Sizes of ganglion cells were also measured and size spectra were analysed. The main results showed that: (1) a common point in 4 wholemount retinae, based on cell densities and retinal locations, was that a retina could be divided into 5 regions, namely visual streak, nasal, temporal, dorsal and ventral region to the visual streak. A maximum cell density of 4,000 cells/mm2 was found in the visual streak. And a total number of ganglion cells was estimated in a range of 398 x 10(3) - 469 x 10(3), with a mean of 441 x 10(3) +/- 31 x 10(3) (n=4). (2) cell sizes were measured as the mean lengths of the major and minor axes of the somas, and were in a range of 5-53.8 microm. The lowest mean diameter was 14.0 microm (+/- 3.7) in the visual streak and the highest was 25.9 microm (+/- 7.6) in the ventral region. Cell size spectra were unimodal and positively skewed. It is expected that these analyses will provide an anatomical and physiological background for further study of the visual system in the horse.

The Effects of Food Sources on Japanese Monkey Home Range Size and Location, and Population Dynamics

Abstract: The effects of supplemental feeding by tourists on wild Japanese monkey's home range size and location, and troop size and composition were studied for two monkey troops, Troop A and Troop B, living along the Irohazaka loop road, Nikko National Park, central Japan. Changes were documented based on data gathered from 1982 to 1996 by the use of radio telemetry. Troop A's home range size shrank and changed from separate winter and summer ranges to a single, year-round home range, with its core located in a high elevation area where supplemental feeding by tourists was heavy. Troop B's home range also shrank and shifted to a lower elevation where supplemental feeding by tourists was heavy. Troop A's population size increased between the winters of 1983-1984 and 1990-1991 in conjunction with an increase in human encounter rates, and then decreased. Troop B's size increased until the winter of 1993-1994, and then decreased. The instability of troop size between 1993 and 1996 may be explained by documented factors such as a decrease in the adult sex ratio, an increase in the infant-female ratio, and an increase in juvenile mortality and/or emigration, all of which may have been influenced by supplemental feeding by tourists.

Generation of Initial Kinetic Distributions for Simulation of Long-Pulse Charged Particle Beams with High Space-Charge intensity

Abstract: Self-consistent Vlasov-Poisson simulations of beams with high space-charge intensity often require specification of initial phase-space distributions that reflect properties of a beam that is well adapted to the transport channel---both in terms of low-order rms (envelope) properties as well as the higher-order phase-space structure. Here, we first review broad classes of kinetic distributions commonly in use as initial Vlasov distributions in simulations of unbunched or weakly bunched beams with intense space-charge fields including the following: the Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij (KV) equilibrium, continuous-focusing equilibria with specific detailed examples, and various nonequilibrium distributions, such as the semi-Gaussian distribution and distributions formed from specified functions of linear-field Courant-Snyder invariants. Important practical details necessary to specify these distributions in terms of standard accelerator inputs are presented in a unified format. Building on this presentation, a new class of approximate initial kinetic distributions are constructed using transformations that preserve linear focusing, single-particle Courant-Snyder invariants to map initial continuous-focusing equilibrium distributions to a form more appropriate for noncontinuous focusing channels. Self-consistent particle-in-cell simulations are employed to show that the approximate initial distributions generated in this manner are better adapted to the focusing channels for beams with high space-charge intensity. This improved capability enables simulations that more precisely probe intrinsic stability properties and machine performance.

The Structures of Pyridovericin and Pyridomacrolidin, New Metabolites from the Entomopathogenic Fungus, Beauveria bassiana

Abstract: Entomopathogenic fungi seem to be interesting as a source of biologically active compounds such as an insecticides1) and immunosuppressants2,3), because all insect orders are susceptible to fungal diseases. With the goal of finding novel bioactive compounds from fungi, we investigated metabolite diversity using an HPLC screening program. During the screening process, we isolated two novel metabolites named pyridovericin (1) and pyridomacrolidin (2) (Fig. 1) from the mycelial cake of the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana EPF-54). In this paper, we describe the physico-chemical properties and structural determination of 1 and 2. Structure of Pyridovericin (1) The physico-chemical properties of 1 and 2 are summarized in Table 1. The molecular formula of 1 was determined to be C21H23NO5 [Found m/z 369.1580 (M+), Calcd for C21H23NO5 369.1576] by highresolution EI-MS measurement. The IR spectrum (KBr) suggested the presence of the hydroxy group (3403cm-1), amide carbonyl (1661cm-1) and hydrogen bonded carbonyl (1611cm-1), respectively. The 13C NMR spectrum of 1 accounts for the presence of 21 carbon signals. The analyses of 1H NMR and