Valliammai Engineering College

About: Valliammai Engineering College is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Ultimate tensile strength & Cloud computing. The organization has 448 authors who have published 413 publications receiving 2388 citations.

Green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using Tamarind fruit extract for the antibacterial studies

Abstract: In the present study, first time we report the microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Tamarindus indica natural fruit extract. The plant extract plays a dual role of reducing and capping agent for the synthesis of AgNPs. The formation of spherical shape AgNPs is confirmed by XRD, HR-SEM, and HR-TEM. The presence of face-centered cubic (FCC) silver is confirmed by XRD studies and the average crystallite size of AgNPs is calculated to be around 6-8nm. The average particle diameter is found to be around 10nm, which is identified from HR-TEM images. The purity of AgNPs is confirmed by EDX analysis. The presence of sigmoid curve in UV-Visible absorption spectra suggests that the reaction has complicated kinetic features. To investigate the functional groups of the extract and their involvement in the reduction of AgNO3 to form AgNPs, FT-IR studies are carried out. The redox peaks are observed in cyclic voltammetry in the potential range of -1.2 to +1.2V, due to the redox active components of the T. indica fruit extract. In photoluminescence spectroscopy, the excited and emission peaks were obtained at 432nm and 487nm, respectively. The as-prepared AgNPs showed good results towards antibacterial activities. Hence, the present approach is a facile, cost- effective, reproducible, eco-friendly, and green method.

Functional polymeric nanoparticles: an efficient and promising tool for active delivery of bioactives.

Abstract: Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field and has achieved breakthroughs in bioengineering, molecular biology, diagnostics, and therapeutics. A recent advance in nanotechnology is the development of a functional nanosystem by incorporation, adsorption, or covalent coupling of polymers, carbohydrates, endogenous substances/ligands, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides to the surface of nanoparticles. Functionalization confers a wide array of interesting properties such as stealth characteristics, a bioadhesive property, and that it prevents aggregation of nanoparticles, imparts biostability and solubility, reduces toxicity, and provides site-specific delivery. This makes the nanosystem an intelligent tool for diagnostics, prognostics, and controlled and sustained delivery of protein, peptide, pDNA, and other therapeutic agents to specific targets (tissue, cell, and intracellular). Various types of functional nanosystems, such as carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, and liposomes, are being extensively explored. However, high tissue accumulation of nonbiodegradable nanoparticles has caused toxicity problems and rendered them as not-so-popular therapeutic and diagnostic systems. The toxicity and safety of nonbiodegradable nanoparticles are subject to future research. Polymeric nanoparticles have offered attractive alternative modules due to biocompatibility, nonimmunogenicity, nontoxicity, biodegradability, simple preparation methods, high physical stability, possibility of sustained drug release, and higher probability for surface functionalization. Depending on properties that have been modified, polymeric nanoparticles can be grouped in to four classes, namely, stealth, polysaccharide decorated biomimetic, bioadhesive, and ligand-anchored functional polymeric nanoparticles (f-PNPs). This review explores the ligand-anchored f-PNP as a carrier for active delivery of bioactives, envisaged to date. This review also details the ligands available for conjugation, their method of coupling to nanoparticles, and applications of f-PNPs in anticancer drug delivery, oral delivery, gene delivery, vaccine delivery, and intracellular delivery; site-specific delivery to liver, macrophages, lymphatics, and brain; and miscellaneous applications. This review also addresses formidable challenges encountered, and proposes some future strategies for development of a promising site-specific active delivery system.

Bioreduction potentials of dried root of Zingiber officinale for a simple green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Antibacterial studies

Abstract: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using an extract of dried Zingiber officinale (ginger) root as a reducing and capping agent in the presence of microwave irradiation was herein reported for the first time. The formation of symmetrical spheres is confirmed from the UV-Visible spectrum of Ag NPs. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy confirms the formation of the Ag NPs. X-ray diffraction analysis was utilized to calculate the crystallite size of Ag NPs and the value was found to be 10nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the morphology and size of the synthesized samples. The sphere like morphology is confirmed from the images. The purity and crystallinity of Ag NPs is confirmed by energy-dispersive X-Ray analysis and selected area electron diffraction respectively. The electrochemical behavior of the synthesized Ag NPs was assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and shows the redox peaks in the potential range of -1.1 to +1.1V. Agar diffusion method is used to examine the antibacterial activity of Ag NPs. For this purpose, two gram positive and two gram negative bacteria were studied. This single step approach was found to be simple, short time, cost-effective, reproducible, and eco-friendly.

Deep learning for lung Cancer detection and classification

Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the main reasons for death in the world among both men and women, with an impressive rate of about five million deadly cases per year. Computed Tomography (CT) scan can provide valuable information in the diagnosis of lung diseases. The main objective of this work is to detect the cancerous lung nodules from the given input lung image and to classify the lung cancer and its severity. To detect the location of the cancerous lung nodules, this work uses novel Deep learning methods. This work uses best feature extraction techniques such as Histogram of oriented Gradients (HoG), wavelet transform-based features, Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Zernike Moment. After extracting texture, geometric, volumetric and intensity features, Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization (FPSO) algorithm is applied for selecting the best feature. Finally, these features are classified using Deep learning. A novel FPSOCNN reduces computational complexity of CNN. An additional valuation is performed on another dataset coming from Arthi Scan Hospital which is a real-time data set. From the experimental results, it is shown that novel FPSOCNN performs better than other techniques.

Effect of B4C and MOS2 reinforcement on micro structure and wear properties of aluminum hybrid composite for automotive applications

Abstract: The utilization of particulate reinforced aluminium hybrid metal matrix composites is being increased in automotive applications due to its distinct properties. In the present study, an endeavour has been made to synthesize Al7075 aluminium alloy with reinforcement of B4C and MoS2 as lubricant under various weight percentages of 4%, 8% and 12% using stir casting process. The compressive strength, tensile strength, hardness, micro structural analysis and tribological behavior of the synthesized hybrid composites have been analyzed and investigated. From the experimental investigation, it has been observed that the reinforcement particles are uniformly distributed in the matrix alloy as fine dendrites in alumnium solid solutions. The tensile strength, compressive strength, and hardness of the reinforced composites could be increased by adding the reinforcement compared to monolithic alloy. The significant improvement of wear resistance and coefficient of friction of aluminium hybrid composites has been achieved owing to inclusion of solid lubricant (MoS2) along with hard ceramic reinforcement particles (B4C) in the matrix alloy.